WWI American Involvement Factors
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American involvement in WWI began after several key events: Germany invaded Belgium in violation of its neutrality; the sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania, which killed over 100 Americans; and the discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany attempted to enlist Mexico as an ally against the U.S. These events angered American public opinion and led the U.S. to declare war on Germany in April 1917 in order to protect trade routes and prevent the Allies from losing the war.
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WWI American Involvement Factors
- 1. American Involvement in WWI Created by: Nader Saadeh and Bart Radzik
- 2. Background Black Hand rampage Franz Ferdinand Russia mobilizing it’s forces Belgium invaded by Germans British declare war USA joins the conflict
- 3. Zimmermann Telegram Created by Arthur Zimmermann Heinrich von Eckhardt, German Minister of Mexico Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico Requested assistance from Japan Click on the video clip to hear the note. Video Clip
- 4. The Response… General Venustiano Carranza Would cause serious issues with USA Large population of US citizens in SW Wouldn’t be able to supply later America joins on April 6, 1917
- 5. Czar Overthrown The Russian czar ruled like a dictator. The first revolution was in 1905. Small middle classes in towns Second revolution occurred in 1917. Revolution encouraged US to war. Czar was Nicolas II
- 6. Sinking of the Lusitania Construction of the luxury sea liner “Lustania began in mid-1903. Engines produced 68,000 horsepower Maiden voyage in September 1907 On May, 7 the German U- boat U-20 fired a torpedo at the luxury liner. 1198 killed; there were 128 Americans that died.
- 7. Submarine Warfare German submarines threatened Britain. Britain’s economy almost collapsed Germans subs attacked liners and supply ships.
- 8. Economy Germany borrowed $27 million. Allies borrowed over $2 billion. US factories running 24/7. Allies wouldn’t be able to repay debt. Protect trade routes from Germany. Bankers galore!
- 9. Credits NARA. “Zimmerman Telegram.” 4 May 2006. http://www.classbrain.com/artteenst/publish/article_100.shtml FAQ Farm. “Why the United States Entered World War I.” 4 May 2006.http://www.faqfarm.com/Q/How_and_why_did_the_US_ge t_involved_in_World_War_1 America Joins the Ranks. [Online video clip] http://www.unitedstreaming.com/clickDirector.cfm/type/video/acti on/download/media_file_id/1036514/strRealname/America_Join s_the_Ranks.asf 5 May 2006. Unknown. “HEADS OF STATE PHOTOS” 5 May 2006. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/heads.htm America in the 20th Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning. 2002. unitedstreaming. 8 May 2006 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>
Notas del editor
- There are three main causes that started the Great War (WW1). The first one was imperialism, the act of taking over smaller countries and using there resources. Before World War 1, there were many empires including Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman. These four empires (and other world powers, including the U.S.), had already taken over lots of small countries. In Austria-Hungary, many Serbians in the area of Bosnia, didn’t want to be apart of Austria-Hungary. Caring about your ethnicity and sometimes not your country is called nationalism, the second cause. Finally, there was the idea of militarism, or building up your armed forces. The first and last causes led to a system of alliances which included: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire), and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia). When the assassination of the Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, took place on June 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Then, Serbia’s ethnic cousin, Russia, declared war on Austria-Hungary. And everyone, else in the Alliance, and Entente joined in.
- Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Telegram was written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann. It was sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. February, 24. Britain released the Zimmerman telegram to Wilson. "No other single cryptanalysis has had such enormous consequences." It helped draw the United States into the war. The telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt. It offered U.S. territory for helping them out. April 6, 1917 U.S. declares war. Zimmermann Note. Note suggested, the Mexican government should make common cause with Germany, persuade japan to also help, and attack the U.S.
- General , Venustiano Carranza, assessed the realities of getting the places back and said it wouldn’t work for: 1. taking over the three states would casuse problems and maybe wat with the u.s. 2. mexico wouldn’t be able to accommodate for all the Anglos in there borders 3. germany wouldn’t be able to get supplies for future hostilities with America.Caranza declined on april 14.
- The First Russian Revolution By the end of the 19th century Russia was in an iron fist. The Russian czar ruled with tyranny. He made the laws, he ruled on executions or prosecutions. He also decided on taxes. He controlled the military with brutal might, and he also managed the army, by picking the recruits. He even controlled religious beliefs and rights. The first revolution occurred in 1905, then the last one in 1917. The revolutionaries were considered as “serfs". President Wilson, joined the Allies, because the revolutionaries promised that they would make a democratic society.
- Sinking of the Lusitania Construction of the luxury sea liner “Lusitania began in mid-1903. The design of the Lusitania housed the idea of being the fastest passenger ship afloat. Her gargantuan engines produced an astonishing 68,000 horsepower (hp). With these massive engines, the Lusitania can cruise the seas at around 25 knots or 15.53 mph. Soon after her maiden voyage, the Lusitania earned a Blue Ribbon for the fastest time for crossing the Atlantic. The luxurious Lusitania made her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York in September 1907. But soon the British government mounted combat-ready material on it, in case war breaks out. This would soon make the Lusitania the prime target for German U-Boats. On May 1, 1915 the ship began another journey across the Atlantic, bound for Liverpool. But unknown to the passengers, was that the Lusitania’s cargo bay housed ammunitions, and other war supplies for Britain. This made it a legal and perfect target for German submarines. On May, 7 the Lusitania was closing in on the Irish coast, when the German U-boat U-20 fired a torpedo at the passenger liner. A second explosion mysteriously occurred; some say this was from the ammunitions stored in the cargo area. The sinking of the Lusitania was a huge tragedy in America, among the 1198 killed; there were 128 Americans that died.
- Submarine warfare More and more ships have been sunk by the roaming German U-Boats. Most people considered the U-Boats to be relentless in their attacks on ships, as German submarine commanders never bothered to warn the sometimes unarmed civilian ships. Most of the civilian ships included cruise liners and other private ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean. After the incident of the Lusitania, Germany promised not to sink ships crossing the Atlantic…but it didn’t last long. The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II announced on January 31, 1917 that all German U-Boats will attack any ship, whether civilian, merchant, or military that is crossing in British waters. The Kaiser also added that they would attacks ships that are either hostile, or even from a neutral country. This would soon add to the reasons for the US to enter the raging conflict.
- Economics Man people think that bankers were the cause for America joining the ranks. In world war one, the U.S. remained neutral, but their factories were running. Every factory was booming, and the economy of the U.S. was going way up. They made missiles, guns and artillery. Though Germany only borrowed a mere 27 million dollars the allies (France and Britain) borrowed a whopping 2 billion dollars in total. If the allies lost then they wouldn’t be able to pay back the money that they lost. If they couldn’t pay back then the U.S. economy would collapse, and everyone would be in trouble. If America joined the Allies (and won along side them), then the Allies would be able to repay their debt. They also had to protect their trade routes from Germany’s submarines, so that their shipments wouldn’t go down with the ship.