1. William Shakespeare: English Renaissance writer
“The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a
fool.”
― William Shakespeare, As You Like It
“Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.”
― William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well
“Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,
And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind.”
― William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream
“Be not afraid of greatness. Some are born great, some achieve
greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them.”
― William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night
Renaissance Writer Critical Intro.
William Shakespeare – Which is your favorite and why? Also how
does the quote reflect Renaissance thinking?
5. I. Conflicts that challenged the
authority of the Church in Rome
A. Merchants challenged the Church’s
opposition to usury (charging interest)
B. German & Eng. nobility disliked Italian
domination of the Church
C. Church’s great political power & wealth
caused conflict
D. Corruption & sale of indulgences
6. II. Church Dissenters
prior to Martin Luther
A. John Wycliffe – English philosopher
1320 -1384
Led movement of opposition to medieval
Church
Forerunner of the Reformation
B. Jan Huss – Czech priest
1369-1415
Church reformer
Tried & burned for heresy
8. III. Martin Luther- 1517
German monk
Questioned Churches
practices such as:
Sale of indulgences by
Johann Tetzel building
a church
“ selling forgiveness for
sins”
Automatic trip to heaven
"As soon as a coin in the coffer
rings / the soul from purgatory
springs."
9. The Lutheran Tradition
Views:
Salvation by faith
alone
Bible = ultimate
authority
Bible should be in
vernacular
Priests; no special
powers
All humans are
equal before God
10. The Lutheran Tradition
Actions:
95 Theses
95 things church is
doing wrong
Nailed to church
door in Wittenburg,
Germany
Birth of Protestant
Church
12. The Lutheran Tradition
Luther writes down
his “95 Theses”
(95 things church
is doing wrong)
and nails them to
the church in
Wittenberg
(Germany)
13. Martin Luther
“Faith Alone” will save you
All should read the Bible in their own
vernacular (language)
Priests do not have special powers
Simplify the sacraments to baptism and
communion
Religious Education for all.
15. Church’s Reaction
Want Martin
Luther to recant
(take back) what
he said @ Diet of
Worms
Diet –
group/assembly
Worms is a
place in
Germany
16. Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!
Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott
helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do
nothing else. God help me. Amen.")
He is excommunicated from church and
forced into hiding for the rest of his life
17. Results of Luther’s actions?
- Opened people’s eyes to corruption of the
church
-new churches created based on own beliefs– ex
John Calvin-- Calvinism
-Ex. Protestant, Lutheran, Baptists, Puritans,
Methodists, Calvinists, and so on.
18.
19. IV. John Calvin – Calvinism
A. French lawyer - moved to religious
community in Geneva, Switzerland
B. Main Concept = PREDESTINATION
- God has already decided who is
saved/condemned.
“Faith Alone” saves you
Faith revealed by living a righteous life.
Strong work ethic
20. John Calvin - Calvinism
C. Actions of Calvinists?
Expansion of the Protestant
movement in Europe
21. The Calvinist tradition
Actions:
Expansion of the
Protestant movement
Spreads to France,
Germany, Netherlands,
Scandinavia, Scotland
Scottish Presbyterians,
American Baptists,
Puritans, from this branch.
24. V. Henry VIII of England
A. Break From Church
Wished to divorce Catherine
of Aragon
Pope refused to grant
divorce
Henry dismissed the
authority of the Pope
25. Henry VIII of England
B. Act of Supremacy - 1534
The King is head of the national
church in England (Anglican
Church), not the Pope!!
C. Actions:
Divorced
Broke w/Rome
Took lands & wealth of Roman
Catholic Church in England
26. VI. Queen Elizabeth I
A. Anglican Church
Creates formality &
separateness of Anglican
Church
Book of Common Prayer -
for Anglican services
27. Queen Elizabeth I
B. Impacts on Reformation
Tolerance for dissenters
(Catholics & Protestants)
Reduced religious tension
Expansion & colonialism
Spread Protestantism
29. Queen Elizabeth I
C. Victory over Spanish
Armada (Navy) (1588)
Catholic Spain attacking
Protestant England
Protestantism wins over
Catholicism.
30. VII. Reformation in Germany
A. Religious & State
Rivalries Emerge – Thirty
Years War
Northern Germany princes –
convert to Protestantism
End authority of Pope in their
states
Austrian Habsburg family &
Holy Roman Empire continue
to support RCC
Fighting ensues.
Ends with Treaty of Westphalia –
Religious choice
33. VIII. Reformation in France
A. Edict of Nantes -
1598
Catholic monarchy
grants Huguenots
(French Protestants)
religious freedom
Later revoked
34. Reformation in France
B. Increased centralized powe
1. Cardinal Richelieu
French Prime Minister
Changed focus of 30 Years
War from religious to
political.
35. Reformation in France
Increased centralized power
2. Actions
Oppose Habsburg/Spanish
aggression/influence
Returned restrictions on
Huguenots
Reduced taxation on nobility
Advanced concept of
“Absolutism”
Make France most powerful.
36. IX. Role of Printing Press
A. Growth of literacy
stimulated by Gutenberg
printing press
B. Bible printed in Eng.,
Fr., & Ger.
C. Spread ideas of Ref.
and Ren.
38. A. 1545 Council of Trent
Determined what was heresy (against
church teachings)
Reaffirmed most church doctrine &
practices
Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits
39. B. The Society of Jesus - Jesuits
Founded to spread Catholic doctrine
around the world
Stop spread of Protestantism
40. C. The Inquisition
Catholic Church’s prosecution of “heretics”
Thousands killed/imprisoned
Galileo – heliocentric theory doesn’t
work for Catholic Church
