The document summarizes key events and battles of the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It describes major battles like Antietam, which had over 25,000 casualties in a single day, and Gettysburg, where Pickett's failed charge turned the tide in favor of the Union. It also discusses the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves in rebel territories, and the use of ironclads, submarines, blockade runners and raiders like the CSS Alabama to gain naval advantages during the war. Key generals and leaders on both sides are also mentioned, including Lee, Grant, Sherman and Semmes.

1. CHAPTER 4 PART THREE
THE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865

2. Battle of Antietam Creek
• Bloodiest one day action of entire
war,
over 25,000 casualties
• Lee forced to withdraw from Maryland
to Virginia

3. Battle of Antietam Creek,
Sharpsburg Viginia 17 Sept, 1862
• General Lee was intent on invading
the North.
• General McClellan was given a copy
of Lee’s plans and moved to intercept
him.

4. President Lincoln announced his
preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
on September 22, 1862.

5. Promised freedom to all slaves within
the territories still in rebellion on
1 January 1863
Emancipation Proclamation

6. Many liberated slaves joined Union
forces.

7. The Thirteenth Amendment
Section 1. Neither slavery nor
involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power
to enforce this article by appropriate

8. The Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed by Congress in 1865
• Ended slavery in the United States

9. New Orleans
Vicksburg

10. Water depth and lack of Army/Navy
coordination contributed to the failure
of the Union to take Vicksburg in 1862.

11. Rear
Admiral
David Porter
General
Ulysses
Grant
General
William
Sherman

12. Porter worked out a scheme with
Generals Grant and Sherman to
put a pincers movement against
Vicksburg.
Porter Grant Sherman

13. After three failed attempts by the Union
to take Vicksburg, Grant settled in for a
siege of the city.

14. • For 40 days and nights, Porter’s
mortar boats rained destruction on
Vicksburg.
• On 4 July 1863, 31,000
Confederate
troops surrendered.

15. A cannon very short in proportion
to its bore, for firing shells at high
angles
Mortar

16. Four days later Port Hudson
surrendered,
and the Mississippi River was under
Union control.

17. Battles Leading to Gettysburg
Chancellorsville,
VA
Fredricksburg,
VA
PotomacRiver

18. General
Robert E.
Lee
General
Joseph
Hooker
General
Stonewall
Jackson

19. Lee took on the Army
of the Potomac at
Chancellorsville, VA,
and won.
But he lost his most
talented general
officer, “Stonewall
Jackson,” who was
killed by his own men
as he returned from
a reconnaissance
mission.Robert E. Lee

20. Lee’sArmy
Advances

21. • The battle at
Gettysburg was
the bloodiest
and
most decisive
battle of the war.
General
George Meade

22. Confederate and Union forces were probing
for weaknesses in each other’s lines.
Cemetery Ridge
CONFEDERATE LINE
N

23. After a 2-hour artillery
barrage:
• Pickett led a 15,000-strong Confederate
charge at Cemetery Ridge.
• Some managed to reach the Union
lines but were killed or thrown back.
General
George Pickett

24. A heavy barrier of artillery (cannon)
fire to protect one’s own advancing
or retreating troops or to stop the
advance of enemy troops
Artillery Barrage

25. • After Pickett’s failed charge, General
Lee was forced to begin his retreat
back to Virginia, leaving over 20,000
casualties on the fields of
Gettysburg.
General
Robert E. Lee

26. Lee’s task was to keep his army
intact until a settlement could
be reached with the Union.

27. Major Southern Ports
New Orleans

28. The main ship channel to
Charleston
Fort Sumter

29. Confederate engineers who
designed
Fort Sumter’s defenses
General
Beauregard
General
Ripley

30. 42 Pounder 100 Pounder Parrott
200 Pounder Parrott 10-inch Seacoast Mortar

31. Fort Sumter
used many
gabions to
fortify its
integrity
against the
enemy.
Gabio
n

32. Cylinder of wickerwork filled with
earth, used as a military defense
Gabion

33. Many of the surrounding waters of
Fort Sumter were mined.

34. Many cannons and artillery shells
were in the interior of Fort
Sumter.
Artillery Shells
100 Pounder Parrott

35. Picket fences helped protect the
walls.

36. Picket fences helped protect the
walls of Fort Sumter from the
enemy scaling the walls.

37. The high, thick walls of Fort Sumter
were hard to climb or penetrate.

38. • Both sides had
ironclad building
programs.
• Admiral Dupont led
a 9-ironclad Union
attack.
Admiral
Samuel Dupont

39. The USS Keokok was sunk after being
struck over 90 times by Confederate
shells.

40. Dupont’s attack on Fort Sumter was
ineffective, and he was relieved of
command.

41. Admiral
John Dahlgren
“Dupont’s Relief”
General
Gillmore
“Corps of Engineers”

42. Charleston Falls
Together, Dahlgren and Gillmore
placed Charleston under siege
and forced its surrender.
Then they turned their guns on Ft.
Sumter and reduced it to rubble.
But the Confederates refused to
surrender. Subsequent naval and
amphibious assaults also failed.

43. H.L. Hunley
CSS David

44. Davids were designed to ram
Union vessels with a spar armed
with a charge of gunpowder. The
explosive was then detonated by
yanking a long cord.

45. The powerful Union ironclad New
Ironsides was badly damaged by
a David.

46. H.L. Hunley
• The world’s first submarine
warship
• Designed to pull a torpedo into the
side of a ship

48. H.L. Hunley
Conning Tower Leather Bellows
Ballast Tanks

49. H.L. Hunley
• Powered by 8 or
9 men turning a
crankshaft

50. H.L. Hunley
• Four crews drowned in sea
trials.
• General Beauregard prohibited her
from being submerged again.

51. H.L. Hunley
The Hunley attacks the
Housatonic.
USS

52. • The charge exploded
before the Hunley
could get away.
• The Housatonic sank
in less than 5 minutes
• The Hunley and her
fifth crew were also
lost.
Lt. George Dixon

53. Declaration of Paris of 1856
Major European countries, except
Spain, declared privateering illegal.

54. • Nearly 1,500 blockade runners
saw service during the Civil War.
• It was a very profitable business,
worth the risks involved.

55. Effects of Blockade Running
Besides, the odds of a blockade runner
being captured were only 1 in 4.
Befor
e
After
Salt
Coffee
$6.50/ton
$249/ton
$1,700/ton
$5,500/ton

56. Confederate commerce raiding by
cruisers such as the CSS Alabama:
• Mostly foreign built with foreign crews
and Southern officers
• Caused the decline of the Northern
merchant marine

57. CSS Chickamauga
Cruiser’s purpose was to:
• Weaken the blockade
• Keep over 100 Union ships busy

58. The most famous
and successful of
the Confederate
cruiser skippers
Captain
Raphael Semmes

59. CSS Sumter
• Captured 17 Union ships before being
cornered in Gibraltar
• Sold Sumter and made his way to
England
CAPT
Raphael
Semmes

60. CSS Alabama
• Sailed to Portugal to pick up armament
• Crewed by English and Irish
volunteers

61. CSS
Alabama
• Sank 20 ships in the North
Atlantic
• Cruised the world’s oceans for 18

62. CSS Alabama’s Last Battle
Cherbour
g
Englan
d
Franc
e
Holland

63. USS Kearsarge
• French refused Semmes docking
rights when the Kearsarge arrived
off Cherbourg, France.
• Semmes challenged Winslow to a
single-ship duel.
CAPT
John Winslow

64. Deerhound
• Deerhound observed the action.
• Kearsarge was a faster vessel
with
better ammunition.

65. • Semmes tried to beach his ship.
• Deerhound picked up survivors
and took them to England.
CSS Alabama USS Kearsarge

66. • Alabama had captured 71 Union
ships.
• British government later had to pay
CSS Alabama

67. CSS Shenandoah
• Wreaked havoc on Union whaling ships in the
Aleutians
• All but destroyed the American whaling industry

68. ALASKA
Aleutian
Islands

69. END OF PART
THREE