6. Newton’s personal copy of the first edition of Principia Mathematica with handwritten corrections for the second edition.
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8. Newtonian mechanics (based on universal absolutes) versus quantum mechanics (based on universal probabilities)
9. Development, growth, and evolution of physical science: from order (Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment, and Age of Reason) to chaos (Age of Anxiety; World War I, II; breakdown and disintegration of the Enlightenment Order)
16. Erwin Schrödinger Schrödinger equation is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. It is as central to quantum mechanics as Newton’s laws are to classical physics .
17. Schrödinger's Cat : Dead or Alive? idea of entanglement: does the condition or state of the cat inside of the box depend on the observer? or, is the cat independent of the observer?
18. Niels Bohr Principle of complementarity : items can be analyzed separately as having contradictory properties (particle-like or wave-like)
21. The Butterfly Effect small variations of the initial conditions of a dynamical system may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system
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25. entropy : measurement of the disorder of a system Rudolf Clausius originated the concept of entropy.
26. phase transition : transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another; at phase-transition point, physical properties may undergo abrupt change; for example, volume of the two phases may be vastly different; imagine transition of liquid water into vapor at boiling point; in common usage, the term is used to denote transitions between states (solid, liquid, gas) of matter; comparable to tipping point
27. thermodynamics : conversion of heat energy into other forms (esp. chemical, electronic, and mechanical); historically, thermodynamics developed out of need to increase the efficiency of early steam engines 1890s-vintage triple-expansion marine engine that powered the SS Christopher Columbus
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29. The mushroom cloud (r) over Nagasaki, Japan after the detonation of “Fat Man,” a gravity bomb (l), on August 9, 1945.
30. practical impact of modern physics and quantum mechanics : atom bombs; nuclear energy and power plants; advances in molecular and chemical biology; observation and description of DNA/RNA; space exploration; X-ray lasers, compact disc players, and bar code readers; transistors, computers and many, many other developments. Francis Crick, who along with James D. Watson co-discovered the molecular structure of DNA, was influenced by the work of physicist Erwin Schrödinger.
31. Nuclear energy : “The nation's oldest nuclear power plant…Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station…generates enough electricity to power 600,000 homes a year. It provides 9 percent of New Jersey's electricity. Oyster Creek's boiling-water reactor is considered obsolete by today's standards. It went online December 1, 1967.” [ Source: Wayne Parry, “Oldest US nuclear plant gets a new 20-year license.” (April 8, 2009), Associated Press.] Source : Diagram, map, and photo from The Press of Atlantic City (April 9, 2009)