The document provides a history of gifted education from ancient times to the present. It outlines key developments including Plato's views on educating the gifted in ancient Greece, Sir Francis Galton establishing the study of intelligence in the late 19th century, Alfred Binet creating the first intelligence test, and Lewis Terman's work popularizing IQ tests and longitudinal studies of gifted children in the early 20th century. It also summarizes theories of intelligence by Spearman, Thurstone, Vernon, Guilford, Gardner, Sternberg and models of giftedness by Renzulli, Gagne, and contributions of figures like Leta Hollingworth and Paul Torrance to the field of gifted education.

1. History of Gifted Education Catharina F. de Wet, Ph.D. University of Alabama

2. Why?

3. “ History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it.” Winston Churchill

4. “ We should build an aristocracy of achievement based on a democracy of opportunity” Possibly Thomas Jefferson

6. Ancient China Thousands of Students taking the civil service examinations. Intelligence equals high test scores

7. Ancient Greece What was valued? How was excellence rewarded? How were “gifted” trained?

10. Sir Francis Galton Born 1822, died 1911 Important Works : Hereditary Genius , 1969, London: MacMillan Ltd. English men of science, their nature and nurture, 1974, London: MacMillan and Co. Natural Inheritance, 1889, London: MacMillan and Co. Fingerprints, 1892 Contributions: First to measure intelligence First to devise system using fingerprints for identification Father of phrenology Family Tree Testing Fingerprinting

17. Phrenology Fingerprints: “ In 1892 he published Fingerprints, the first book on the subject. In it he stated his belief that fingerprints were unique and unchanging, making them ideal for identification. He warned however, that they would not provide heredity or racial clues His basic method of classification is still in use.” http://kyky.essortment.com/fingerprinthist_rmmv.htm

18. Alfred Binet Major Works: Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1896). La phychologie individuelle, Annee Psychologie, 1896, 2, 411-465 Major Contributions: Test for educability of children (goal was to identify less able school children in order to aid them with the needed care required) First to utilize teacher expertise (Average ability at age)

19. Lewis Terman 1877 – 1956 Major Works : The Measurement of Intelligence (1916) The Use of Intelligence Tests (1916) Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale (1916) The Stanford Achievement Test (1923) Genetic Studies of Genius (1925, 1947, 1959) Autobiography of Lewis Terman (1930) Major Contributions: IQ tests to classify children and put them on the appropriate job-track. IQ = mental age/chronological age times 100 Long-term studies of gifted children that are still in progress today

21. Leta Hollingworth

23. Speyer School, NYC

25. Spearman : General Intelligence (g) Thurstone : Specific Abilities Vernon : Structure of Human Abilities (Major, minor, and Specific Factors) Guilford : Structure of the Intellect (Operations, Products, Contents) Gardner : Multiple Intelligences Sternberg : Triarchic Intelligence

31. Paul Torrance Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Future Problem Solving Incubation Model of Teaching 2000: Film Manifesto for Children (Georgia Public Television) Don't be afraid to fall in love with something and pursue it with intensity. Know, understand, take pride in, practice, develop, exploit and enjoy your greatest strengths. Learn to free yourself from the expectations of others and to walk away from the games they impose on you. Free yourself to play your own game. Find a great teacher or mentor who will help you. Learn the skills of interdependence. Don't waste energy trying to be well rounded. Do what you love and can do well.

32. Authors of Interest James Borland Nancy Robinson Bonnie Cramond Tracy Cross Joyce VanTassel Baska Susan Baum