KAHULUGAN AT KAHALAGAHAN NG GAWAING PANSIBIKO.pptx
Hitzaldia 2011 idaho
1. 1 The Basque Economic Agreement and New Governance Possibilities (orimpossibilities) Dr. Susana SERRANO GAZTELUURRUTIA Professor of Financial and Tax Law University of the Basque Country
18. 11 In few clicks… - Because of this, some peripheral autonomies appeal to Historical Territories rules (fiscal rules). - In Spain rule system, Historical Territories rules are only regulations , no proper laws . - Everyone (with legitimate right) can appeal foral rules. - And everyone appealed them.
19. - Appeals make that rules from Alava, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa were insecure and the situation was unstable (in an economic context). - The solution: protecting foral rules. - How? Putting the foral rules in the same range or level that state laws governing financial matters. 12 In few clicks…
24. Since Spain joined the European Union (1986) it interiorized what “being European” means. This means respecting community principles, complying with European regulations and applying the necessary procedures in the event of infringement. 17 6. TheEconomicAgrement and/in Europe 6. 1. In short
25. TheEconomicAgrement and/in Europe Furthermore, joining the European Union also means integrating all its internal administrations both State and substate. In this sense, we should have in mind the fact that the Spanish State is a decentralized one, comprising 17 Autonomous Communities, each one with its own functions and competences. 18
26. The Autonomous Basque Country and Chartered Navarre Communities stand out among them, with their constitutionally acknowledged competences in tax matters, which the rest of Autonomous Communities lack. The instrument, which constitutionally, statutorily and legally regulates tax and financial relationships between the Basque Autonomy (Euskadi) and the State is the Economic Agreement. 19 The Economic Agrement and/in Europe
27. Historically speaking it is a deeply rooted tool and a key institution in the current self-governing Basque Autonomy. Nevertheless, it should be clarified that it is the Historical Territories comprising the same (Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa), which really hold this taxation competence as a Historical Right. 20 The Economic Agrement and/in Europe
28. The Historical Territories have been regulating different taxes differently from the rest of the State using this taxation competence, resulting in complaints and claims from neighbouring Autonomies and a series of social agents. 21 The Economic Agrement and/in Europe
29. Furthermore, the Foral rules have formal regulatory status within the regulation framework of the State of Provincial Regulations, despite the fact that Provincial Tax Regulations should be regulated by regulations with law status. 22 The Economic Agrement and/in Europe
30. Jurisdictionally speaking this fact meant (until the reform introduced by Organic Law 1/2010) that the Provincial Tax Regulations could be appealed against in ordinary courts (i.e. administrative law jurisdiction) by anyone who felt violated by the same. Thus active legitimisation was extensive with the resulting litigation in relation to the Foral Tax Regulations and Economic Agreement in general. 23 The Economic Agrement and/in Europe
31. 6.2. Basque institutional framework: 24 Spanish state EUSKADI Basque Country La Rioja Castle & Lion Catalunya … … … … Gipuzkoa Araba Bizkaia … Local govermments
32. 25 6.2. Basque institutional framework: Legislative: Legebiltzarra EUSKADI Basque Country Executive: Jaurlaritza Historical Territory ofAraba Historical Territory of Bizkaia Historical Territory of Gipuzkoa Legislative:General Meetings Legislative:General Meetings Legislative:General Meetings Executive: Foral Deputations Executive: Foral Deputations Executive: Foral Deputations Competences : tax and financial system; education, health, police…
33. 6.3. ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement 26 Internal conflicts External conflicts Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law HHTT rules application as State aids Economic Agreement vs. State law Historical Territories rules problem Rules Laws Joint Committee on the Economic Agreement AZORES case “Fiscal vacancies” Recurrent legitimating is wide: “legitimate interest” Recurrent legitimating is limited Law Coordination and Evaluation Committee EU Commission AG Kokott conclusions Board of Arbitration of the Economic Agreement STJUE 2008 SSTJUE Appeals
34. Internal conflicts 6.3.1. ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement Economic Agreement vs. State law Historical Territories foralrules problem Rules Laws Joint Committee on the Economic Agreement Recurrent legitimating is limited Recurrent legitimating wide: “legitimate interest” Law Coordination and Evaluation Committee Board of Arbitration of the Economic Agreement Appeals
41. which allows anyone with a legitimate interest to appeal.Regulated ALL tax system !!!
42. It means that anyone who feels minimally affected or damaged by a foral rule may appeal. What are the legal arguments? Because the Foral Rules, the Economic Agreement fits into the Spanish state and its laws. That these Foral Rules fit in Spain, but not fit into the European Union. 29 Internal conflicts ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement
43.
44. That is, have sought ways that are not "that easy" actionable. 30 Internal conflicts ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement
45. Organic Law 1/2010 of 19th February : amending two organic laws: OL of the Constitutional Court OL of Judiciary Power known as “shielding” understood as the Economic Agreement ‘shield’ in relation to ordinary jurisdiction to prevent its continuous ‘litigation’ 31 Internal conflicts ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement
46. Thus, today it is the Constitutional Court which should be aware of appeals lodged against the Foral rules Tax Regulations, with the reduction of active legitimisation this implies. Therefore, jurisdictionally, at the moment foral tax rules are protected from the internal point of view. 32 Internal conflicts ConflictovertheEconomicAgreement
47. External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union First, some ideas: EU’s only relations are with STATES 2. Before EU, the representation is Spain 3. If Historical Territories do not carry out, Spain answer s for it, EU demand to Spain (not interference principle)
48. - Although the Agreement came about and is exercised within an internal or state regulation context, nevertheless today, the fact of Spain being a European Union member is also affecting it legally. - The conflicts arising in recent times as to whether the contents are legitimate from the point of view of European Law demonstrate this. - These conflicts have been going on and settled at the judiciary headquarters. 34 External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union
49. European Union Law neither intervenes nor pronounces on how competences should be distributed for tax legislation in Member States, since it responds to the community principle of internal institutional, procedural and procedure autonomy. And likewise, this Law ends up affecting the specific use of internally established taxation regulations, regarding their legal contents. 35 External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union
50. For this reason, the influence of European Union Law on the exercising of Basques Historical Territories regulatory competence on taxation is inevitable today: This influence is determined in that the European Commission and Court of Justice of the European Union directly exercise the function of enforcing respect for community principles on the matte, each one in their respective spheres. European Union Law is the origin and/or derived from European institutional decisions, conditioning the interpretative and applicable task of national courts. 36
51. The law of the European Union is above the law of the Member States. Means that all the rights of states are below the European Union law. Also the Spanish law, and of course the Law of the Autonomous Communities and of the Territories. 37 External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union
52. Thus, before the breach (or alleged breach) of a foral rule, anyone who is aggrieved can appeal to the courts of justice. These courts are those of a member state that can then be national and European judges (first instance). 38
53. 39 External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union EconomicAgreement Spanishlaw √ EuropeanUnionlaw x Foral tax Rules
54. The European Union objective: the free movement of goods, labor and capitals. That's a fair competition between states (including companies in the States). That may not help some companies more than others. 40 External conflicts (1) The Economic Agreement and /in European Union
55. 41 The Economic Agreement and /in European Union Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law Historical Territories rules application as illegal state aids CJEU 2099.09.09 “Fiscal vacancies” CJEU 2011.06.09 EU Commission CJEU 2011.07.28
56. The Economic Agreement and /in European Union 42 External conflicts (2) Historical Territories foral rules application as state aids Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law Economic Agreement is recognized in EU
57. The Economic Agreement and /in European Union 43 External conflicts (2) Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law Historical Territories rules application as state aids “Fiscal vacancies” AZORES case “Autonomy triple test” EU Commission “Institutional “Proceimental AG Kokottconclusions STPI 2099.09.09 “Econpomic STJUE 2011.06.09 STJUE 2008.09.11 STJUE 2011.07.28 Autonomic system different to state is available in EU Economic Agreement is recognized in EU
58. 44 The Economic Agreement and /in European Union Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law AZORES case “Autonomy triple test” STJUE Institutional Proceimental Econpomic AG Kokottconclusions STJUE 2008.09.11 Autonomic system different to state is recognized in EU
59. The Economic Agreement and /in European Union 45 External conflicts (2) Historical Territories foral rules application as state aids Economic Agreement as a fiscal system in EU law Economic Agreement is recognized in EU
60. Conclusion The Agreement model has undoubtedly contributed to the development and progress made by the Basque Country since the early 80's. It served to cope with crises that hit hard before the BAC (at ´80) and should also help to overcome the current crisis. The model is not an island in the territorial model of the state. 46
61. By contrast, the Agreement regulates its suiting and harmonization and respects the principle of solidarity. The effects of unilateral risk model in bad times. The fall in tax revenues is not compensated in the model for increased funding (via lower quota) … 47 Conclusion
62. The Economic Agreement is ours. No one gives it, is only recognized. Because is our story. Is our ancients legacy. It is our legacy for our sons and daughters. Like to be Basque. 48 In conclusion
64. BIBLIOGRAPHY & DOCUMENTATION - AD CONCORDIAM - STPI 2099.09.09 - STJUE 2011.06.09 - STJUE 2011.07.28 - SERRANO GAZTELUURRUTIA, Susana: The Basque Economic Agreement before the Community Judge: Using court procedures to deal with Provincial Tax Regulations within the European legal framework. Current situation and future perspectives, doctoral thesis, in process of publication, DFB/BFA. - ZUBIRI ORIA, Ignacio: The economic Agreement between the Basque Country and Spain; principles, characteristics and economic implications , Ad Concordiam, Bilbao, 2010. 50
65. EU documentation: - Fiscal Autonomy, Investment Funds and State Aid: a follow-up - The Gibraltar judgment and the point on selectivity in fiscal aids - European guidelines for federal member states granting fiscal competences C.Q. tax autonomy to sub-national authorities - State aid and autonomous regions: the ECJ`s ruling in the Basque Country case 51
66. Links Juntas Generales de Bizkaia Juntas Generales de Gipuzkoa Juntas Generales de Alava Departamento de Hacienda y Finanzas de la Diputación Foral de Bizkaia Departamento de Hacienda y Finanzas de la Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa Departamento de Hacienda Finanzas y Presupuestos de la Diputación Foral de Alava Consejería de Economía y Hacienda del Gobierno Vasco Junta Arbitral del Concierto Económico (Gobierno Vasco) Órgano de Coordinación Tributaria de Euskadi (OCTE) Statistics of the Basque Country (EUSTAT) Instituto de Economía Pública (EHU-UPV) Hacienda del Gobierno de Navarra 52
67. Links Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda (MEH) Junta Arbitral del Concierto Económico (Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda) Consultas de la Comisión de Coordinación y Evaluación Normativa (Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda) Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT) Base de Datos Económicos del Sector Público Español (BADESPE) Instituto de Estudios Fiscales (IEF) NationalStatisticsInstitute (INE) Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB) Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) The official website of the European Union Statistics Service of the European Union (EUROSTAT) IMF -- International MonetaryFund Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE) International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation (IBFD) 53
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