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李玉成, 杨开忠:                     集聚与增长整合研究评述




                                                                               李玉成, 杨开忠
                                                                     (                              ,              100871)


                :                                                                             ,
            ,
                                                                 ,                                                         ,
                                                        ,                                     ,
                :           新经济地理学; 新增长理论; 整合模型
                             : F062 9                                         :A                            : 1004- 972X( 2008) 05- 0016- 05



                                ,                               ,                                                               ,         (            )
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1986) ; ( 2)                                                                                                               ,
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        ,                                   ,                        ;                                  ,
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                                                                                                                       ,                30                           ,
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                        ,                                                                                   ( 18               ),
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            ,                                           ,                                           ,                      Glaser      ( 1992) Henderson       ( 1995) Eaton
                        ,                                                          ,              Kortum ( 1996) Ciccone( 2002)                                ( 2007)


                                                    ,                                               根据中国统计年鉴计算, 1978~ 2005 年中国 GDP 年均增 长 9 6% ,
                                                                                                    2005 年三个经济核心区( 江浙 沪 广东 京 津冀) 以不到全 国 6 3%

                        ,                                                                           的国 土 面积, 集 中 了 25 1% 的 全国 人 口, 创 造 了 45 8% 的 全 国
                                                                                                    GDP, 比 1980 年增加了 11 个百分点
                                ,


                        : 2008- 03- 03
                        : 国家自然科学基金重点项目! 我国区域城镇化管理的系统研究∀ ( 70433002) 资助
                        : 李玉成( 1978 ) , 男, 广 东五华人, 北京大学政府管理学院城市与区域管理系 博士研究生;
                            杨开忠( 1962 ) , 男, 湖 南常德人, 北京大学政府管理学院城市与区域管理系 教授


       16
2008 年第 5 期

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 Helpman( 1995) Ciccone                Hall( 1996)                                                    ,                                                     ,
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         ( 一) 整合研究的方法与框架
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              ,                                                                               ( 二) 整合模型的分类和演进
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# 如果是人力资本, I 就代表教育; 如果是物质资本, I 就代表投资 品;
                                                                                      ( 10)               ( 2002) ( 11) Yamamoto( 2003)                         , Knapp( 1998;
 如果是知识资本, I 就代表创新

                                                                                                                                                                             17
李玉成, 杨开忠:                         集聚与增长整合研究评述

2004)                   ( 2002)           Baldwin( 2004)                                                                                     ,
                    , Fujita( 2005)                                                                                        ,                                     ,
                                               ,                                     ( 2007)                     ( 7)


       Knapp( 2004)                                            ,
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      18
2008 年第 5 期

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        19
李玉成, 杨开忠:                           集聚与增长整合研究评述

                                                           ,
                                                                   ,                                           ;                                ,                                    ,
                                                                                               ,                                                    ,
                                                       ,                           !               ,                                                        ,
  ,                                    ∀                                                                                                 ,
               ,                                                                                                                                                        ,
  ,                                                            ,                                               ;
                                                       ,                                           ,                         :
                                                                                                                   [ 1] Baldwin, Richard Agglomeration and Endogenous Capital [ J] .
               ,                                                                                                      European Economic Review, 1999, 43( 2) : 253- 280
           ,                                                                                               ;       [ 2] Baldwin, Richard Core - Periphery Model with Forward- look
                                                                           (                           )              ing Expectations [ J] . Regional Science and Urban Economics,
                                   (                           ),                                                     2001, 31( 2) : 21- 49
                                                                                                                   [ 3] Baldwin, Richard, Forsilid, Rikard The Core- Periphery Model
                                                                                                                      and Endogenous Growth: Stabilizing and Destabilizing Integration
                                                                                                                      [ J] . Economica, 2000, 67( 267) : 307- 324
                                                                                                               ,   [ 4 ] Baldwin,   Richard, Martin Philippe, Ottaviano,     Gianmar
                                                                                       ,                                co Global Income Divergence, Trade and Industrialization:
                                                                                                                        The Geography of Growth Take- offs[ J] . Journal of Economic
                                                                                       ,                                Growth, 2001, 6( 1) : 5- 37
                                   ,                                                                               [ 5] Baldwin, Richard, Martin, Philippe Agglomeration and Regional
                                                                                                                      Growth[ M] . Chapter 60 in Vernon Henderson and Jacques -
           ,                                                                                                   ,      Fran? ois Thisse eds Handbook of Regional and Urban Eco
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                   ,                                                                                               [ 6] Ciccone A Agglomeration- effects in Europe[ J] . European Eco
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                                                                                                                   [ 7] Ciccone A, R Hall Productivity and the Density of Economic Ac
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      20
任保平:                   西部资源富集区新农村建设的战略转型

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                                                         A Survey of Agglomerat ion and Growth Models
                                                              LI Yu- cheng, YANG Kai- zhong
                                        ( School of Government Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
        Abstract: Unified study of agglomerat ion and growth is one of the frontiers of new economic geography as well as a
new application of new growth theory By introducing endogenous growth into the new economic geography framework, ag
glomeration and growth models allow us to crystallize our thinking about the interplay between the location of economic ac
tivity and the growth rate of economic activity These models explain the interrelat ionships and mechanism between ag
glomeration and growth, deepen our understanding of the phenomenon and policy of integration, and reach richer results
than new economic geography By classifying the models, summarizing the framework and methods and describing the
evolution path, this article gives a thorough review of the emerging field
        Key words: new economic geography; new growth theory; integrated models
                                                                                                                                               (                 :           )
       80

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集聚与增长整合研究评述

  • 1. 李玉成, 杨开忠: 集聚与增长整合研究评述 李玉成, 杨开忠 ( , 100871) : , , , , , , : 新经济地理学; 新增长理论; 整合模型 : F062 9 :A : 1004- 972X( 2008) 05- 0016- 05 , , , ( ) , ( Knapp, 2004) : ( 1) ( Romer, , 1986) ; ( 2) , ( Krugman, 1991) , , , , ; , , , , , Dixit- Stigliz , , , , Kuznets( 1966) , , , 30 , , Baldwin et al( 2001) , , ( 18 ), , , , , , , , , , ; , , 20 50 , , , Glaser ( 1992) Henderson ( 1995) Eaton , , Kortum ( 1996) Ciccone( 2002) ( 2007) , 根据中国统计年鉴计算, 1978~ 2005 年中国 GDP 年均增 长 9 6% , 2005 年三个经济核心区( 江浙 沪 广东 京 津冀) 以不到全 国 6 3% , 的国 土 面积, 集 中 了 25 1% 的 全国 人 口, 创 造 了 45 8% 的 全 国 GDP, 比 1980 年增加了 11 个百分点 , : 2008- 03- 03 : 国家自然科学基金重点项目! 我国区域城镇化管理的系统研究∀ ( 70433002) 资助 : 李玉成( 1978 ) , 男, 广 东五华人, 北京大学政府管理学院城市与区域管理系 博士研究生; 杨开忠( 1962 ) , 男, 湖 南常德人, 北京大学政府管理学院城市与区域管理系 教授 16
  • 2. 2008 年第 5 期 ( 2007) , Jacobs( 1969) Jaffe ( 1993) Coe Helpman( 1995) Ciccone Hall( 1996) , , Keller ( 2002) , , , , , , , Romer - Grossman- Helpman , , , , , ( Baldwin, 2001) , , , , , , , 1 1 , , , , , , ; # ( ) ; ∃ ( , ) ; % , , 1 : , , , ! ∀ ( Krugman, 1998) , ! ∀ ( 一) 整合研究的方法与框架 , , , , , , , D -S , ( 二) 整合模型的分类和演进 # , , , 10 , , , : ( 1) Walz( 1996) ( 2) Walz( 1997) ( 3) Bald , , win ( 1999) ( 4)M artin Ottaviano( 1999) ( 5) Black Henderson (1999) ( 6) Baldwin Forslid( 2000) ( 7) Martin Ottaviano ( 2001) ( 8) Baldwin ( 2001) ( 9) Fujita Thisse( 2002; 2003) # 如果是人力资本, I 就代表教育; 如果是物质资本, I 就代表投资 品; ( 10) ( 2002) ( 11) Yamamoto( 2003) , Knapp( 1998; 如果是知识资本, I 就代表创新 17
  • 3. 李玉成, 杨开忠: 集聚与增长整合研究评述 2004) ( 2002) Baldwin( 2004) , , Fujita( 2005) , , , ( 2007) ( 7) Knapp( 2004) , : R&D , : R&D R&D Baldwin M artin( 2004) , Martin Ottaviano( 1999) Baldwin( 1999) : , M artin - Rogers ( 1995) Romer (1990) , , , , , , : , ; , , , ; , : ; , ; ( , , ) , 9 , 12 , 1 , , 1 , Martin Ottaviano( 2001) 1999 , , , , , 1 , , , , ( 1) ( 2) ( 11) ( 3) ( 4) ( 7) , ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 8) ( 6) ( 9) ( 10) , , Walz( 1996) , , , , , Martin Ottaviano( 2001) , Yamamoto ( 2003) , , ! & & , & ∀ ! & & ∀ , , , , , : , , , , , Walz( 1997) , ; , , Walz , , , , , ! ∀ , , , Baldwin( 1999) , Black Henderson( 1999) : ( 2) , 18
  • 4. 2008 年第 5 期 , , aH , , W( 0; t) t B A , ; , , PA( s) PB ( s) ,∀∃ # ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , Baldwin Forslid( 2000) ( 2002) , Fujita Thisse( 2002) , , : , , L1 1 , , Q K= ;a = ( 1) a 1 1 K - 1+ K - 1 , Qk , L1 , : ( 1) , , , - 1 , , , ( 2) , , : L- L- 1= W( Lw - L- 1) ( 2) w Baldwin et al( 2001) ,L ,L L- 1 ,W , : , ! ( 1- k) ] L[ K+ ( k+ 1) = ( 3) ∀ , L[ K+ ( 1- k) ] + ( Lw - L) ( K+ 1- k) , K= K/ ( K + K* ) K : , ( 3) k , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , ; , , ; ; , ! ∀ , , ( 三) 整合模型的主要结论 , , , , , , Fujita Thisse( 2002, 2003) Baldwin Forslid( 2000) , , , r : , n r= K r r ( 4) , nr r , r r , Kr r , : , 1/! , ( ) Kr = M[ r + ( 1- r) ] ( 5) ,M ,! , , 0 1 , , : ∀ rt aH + W( 0; t) T PA( s) , ( t) = e ln[ ] - ∀ rt ∋ e- rsln[ #e ] ds ( 6) r aH + W( 0;T ) t PB ( s) , 19
  • 5. 李玉成, 杨开忠: 集聚与增长整合研究评述 , , ; , , , , , ! , , , ∀ , , , , , ; , , : [ 1] Baldwin, Richard Agglomeration and Endogenous Capital [ J] . , European Economic Review, 1999, 43( 2) : 253- 280 , ; [ 2] Baldwin, Richard Core - Periphery Model with Forward- look ( ) ing Expectations [ J] . Regional Science and Urban Economics, ( ), 2001, 31( 2) : 21- 49 [ 3] Baldwin, Richard, Forsilid, Rikard The Core- Periphery Model and Endogenous Growth: Stabilizing and Destabilizing Integration [ J] . Economica, 2000, 67( 267) : 307- 324 , [ 4 ] Baldwin, Richard, Martin Philippe, Ottaviano, Gianmar , co Global Income Divergence, Trade and Industrialization: The Geography of Growth Take- offs[ J] . Journal of Economic , Growth, 2001, 6( 1) : 5- 37 , [ 5] Baldwin, Richard, Martin, Philippe Agglomeration and Regional Growth[ M] . Chapter 60 in Vernon Henderson and Jacques - , , Fran? ois Thisse eds Handbook of Regional and Urban Eco , nomics: Cities and Geography, Amsterdam: Elsevier , 2004 2671 - 2711 , [ 6] Ciccone A Agglomeration- effects in Europe[ J] . European Eco , nomic Review, 2002, 46( 2) : 213- 227 [ 7] Ciccone A, R Hall Productivity and the Density of Economic Ac , tivity[ J] . American Economic Review, 1996, 87( 1) : 54- 70 , [ 8] Coe D, E Helpman International R&D Spillovers[ J] . European , , , Economic Review, 1995, ( 39) : 859- 887 [ 9] Eaton J, S Kortum Trade in ideas: Productivity and patenting in , the OECD[ J] . Journal of International Economics, 1996, ( 40) : , 251- 278 , [ 10] Fujita, Masahisa, Thisse, Jacques- Francois Does Geographi , , cal Agglomeration Foster Economic Growth And Who Gains and , , Loses from It [ J] . The Japanese Economic Review, 2003, 54 , ( 2) : 121- 145 Romer [ 11] Fujita, Masahisa, Thisse, Jacques- Francois Economics of Ag ( 1990) , glomeration: Cities, Industrial Location and Regional Growth , , [ M] . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002 , [ 12] Fujita, M asahisa and Mori, Tomoya Frontiers of the New Eco nomic Geography[ J] . Discussion paper of Institute of Develop : , , ment Economics, Kyoto University, 2005, ( 27) , , , [ 13] Jacobs, Jane The Economy of Cities[ M] . New York: Random , House, 1969 , , [ 14] Jaffe A, M Trajtenberg, R Henderson Geographic Location of , , Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent( 80 ) 20
  • 6. 任保平: 西部资源富集区新农村建设的战略转型 , , , 2003 136 , , [ 2] . [M]. : , , , 2004 25 , [ 3] . : ; , [ J] . , 2005, ( 3) , , [ 4] . , , [ J] . , 2004, ( 3) : [ 1] . [ M] . : ( : ) ( 20 ) Citations [ J] . Quarterly Journal of Economics, glomeration [ J ] . International Economic Review, November 1993, 8( 108) : 577- 598 2001, 42( 4) : 947- 968 [ 15] Glaeser E, H Kallal, J Sheinkman, A Shleifer Growth in [ 24] Romer, Paul Increasing Returns and long - run growth [ J] . Cities[ J] . Journal of Political Economy, 1992, 100( 6) : 126- Journal of Political Economy, 1986, 94( 5) : 1002- 1037 1152 [ 25] Romer, Paul Endogenous Technological Change[ J] . Journal of [ 16] Keller W Geographic Location of International Technology Dif Political Economy, 1990, 98( 5) , : S71- S102 fusion[ J] . American Economic Review, 2002, ( 92) : 120- 142 [ 26] Walz, Uwe Transport Costs, Intermediate Goods, and Localized [ 17] Knaap, Thijs A Survey of Complementarities in Growth and Lo Growth[ J] . Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1996, cation Theories[ J] . 1997 NAKE day Workshop Paper Groni- ( 26) : 671- 695 ngen: Groningen University, 1998: 1- 32 [ 27] Walz, Uwe Growth and Deeper Regional Integration in the [ 18] Knapp, Thijs Models of Economic Geography: Dynamics, Es Three- country Model[ J] . Review of International Economics, timation and Policy Evaluation[ M ] . Ridderkerk, The Nether 1997, ( 6) : 492- 507 lands: Labyrint Publication, 2004 [ 28] Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Agglomeration and Growth with Innova [ 19] Krugman, Paul Increasing Returns and Economic Geography tion in the Intermediate Goods Sector[ J] . Regional Science and [ J] . Journal of Political Economy, 1991, 99( 3) : 483- 499 Urban Economics, 2003, 33( 3) : 335- 360 [ 20] Krugman, Paul Space: The Final Frontier [ J] . The Journal of [ 29] . Economic Perspective, 1998, 12( 2) : 161- 174 [ D] . , 2002. [ 21] Kuznets, Simon Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure, [ 30] , . : and Spread [ M ] . New Heaven, CT, USA: Yale University [ J] . , 2007, ( 3) : 16- 29 Press, 1966 [ 31] , . [ 22] M artin, Philippe and Ottaviano, Gianmarco. Growing Loca [ J] . , 2007, 26( 7) : 79- 81 tions: Industry Location in a Model of Endogenous Growth[ J] . [ 32] , . European Economic Review, 1999, 43( 2) : 281- 302 [ J] . , 2007, ( 1) : 48- 56 [ 23] M artin, Philippe and Ottaviano, Gianmarco Growth and Ag A Survey of Agglomerat ion and Growth Models LI Yu- cheng, YANG Kai- zhong ( School of Government Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abstract: Unified study of agglomerat ion and growth is one of the frontiers of new economic geography as well as a new application of new growth theory By introducing endogenous growth into the new economic geography framework, ag glomeration and growth models allow us to crystallize our thinking about the interplay between the location of economic ac tivity and the growth rate of economic activity These models explain the interrelat ionships and mechanism between ag glomeration and growth, deepen our understanding of the phenomenon and policy of integration, and reach richer results than new economic geography By classifying the models, summarizing the framework and methods and describing the evolution path, this article gives a thorough review of the emerging field Key words: new economic geography; new growth theory; integrated models ( : ) 80