1. CONTENTS
10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
10-2 Form of the passive
10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs
10-4 Using the by-phrase
10-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive
10-6 Passive modal auxiliaries
10-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
10-8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
10-9 Get + adjective; get + past participle
10-10 Using be used/accustomed to and get …
10-11 Used to vs. be used to
10-12 Using be supposed to
1

2. 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made
by the carpenter.
2

3. 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
same
meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
carpenter.
3

4. 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
ACTIVE:
S O
(c) Carol sold the house.
PASSIVE:
S by + O
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
object of active subject of passive
subject of active object of by
4

5. 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Fuel is burned by cars
5

6. 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Coffee is grown by farmers.
(b) The raise was given by the boss.
(c) The photo will be printed by Alex.
6

7. 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burn fuel.
Fuel is burned by cars.
SIMPLE PAST The raise thrilled Ben.
Ben was thrilled by the raise.
PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed
by Al.
FUTURE New cars will save fuel.
Fuel will be saved by cars.
7

8. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
PASSIVE
The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.
8

9. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
PASSIVE
The wall was painted by
Matthew.
9

10. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.
PASSIVE
The election results will be determined by
the voters.
10

11. 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.
11

12. 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a) TRANSITIVE
S V O
Janet earned the promotion.
They saw the accident.
(b) INTRANSITIVE
S V
A problem occurred.
They arrived late.
TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE
verb + object verb + object
12

13. 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE:Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
(e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
13

14. 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE:Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
transitive verbs passive okay
intransitive verbs no passive
14

15. 10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
It rained yesterday.
15

16. 10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
Eva won a medal.
A medal was won by Eva.
PASSIVE: _______________________
16

17. 10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________
The World Wide Web was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
_______________________
17

18. 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting
was done by
my mother.
18

19. 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information
19

20. 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase
20

21. 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
That one was done by her friend.
focus my mother
by-phrase focus on subjects
21

22. 10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
PASSIVE
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
22

23. 10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Many students use computers.
PASSIVE
Computers are used by many students.
23

24. 10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
PASSIVE
I was taught to knit by Tina.
24

25. 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
A photo is being taken by Elton.
25

26. 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.
26

27. 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.
present progressive: passive form
am
is + being + past participle
are
27

28. 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He was taking photos. (c) Photos were being
taken by him.
She was writing a book. (d) A book was being
written by her.
past progressive: passive form
was
+ being + past participle
were
28

29. 10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Two great teams are playing
hockey.
PASSIVE
Hockey is being played by two great teams.
29

30. 10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan.
PASSIVE
A guest house was being built in Bhutan.
30

31. 10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Alan is studying the memo.
PASSIVE
The memo is being studied by Alan.
31

32. 10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.
32

33. 10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL PASSIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
FORM: modal + be + past participle
33

34. 10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
PASSIVE MODALS
must be mowed today
This grass __________________.
34

35. 10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
PASSIVE MODALS
should not be fed candy
Babies _____________________.
35

36. 10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
People cannot control hurricanes.
PASSIVE MODALS
Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
__________________________
36

37. 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.
37

38. 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
BE + ADJECTIVE
(a) Lily is brave.
(b) Lily is short.
(c) Lily is healthy.
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is divorced.
(e) Lily is excited. like an adjective
(f) Lily is pleased.
38

39. 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past particular
participle + prepositions + object
39

40. 10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
married
Jenny is __________ Grant.
married to
40

41. 10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
happy
happy with
Alma is __________ her new laptop.
41

42. 10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
young
Abe is 17.
young for
He seems ____________ his age.
42

43. 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.
I am interested in making pottery.
43

44. 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery.
INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.
INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings
present participle cause of feeling
44

45. 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning
present participle cause of feeling
45

46. 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news.
(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives nouns
46

47. 10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
surprised
surprising
Gail Gwen
Gwen’s news must be __________.
surprising
surprised
Gail looks very __________.
47

48. 10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
amazed
amazing
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
Most people are truly ________ when
amazed
they first see it.
48

49. 10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
terrified
Some bugs are scary. terrifying
terrifying
This spider is ________!
I wonder if it is ________ of anything?
terrified
49

50. 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty
when they exercise.
50

51. 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be
51

52. 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject
52

53. 10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + sleep
got sleepy
He ___________ while he was working.
53

54. 10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated
He _________________ with his work.
54

55. 10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + cold
got cold
It ________ early this year.
55

56. 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in
traffic.
56

57. 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
same meaning
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
57

58. 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND
GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to + -ing form
(gerund)
58

59. 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have
never lived in this city before, but I am
getting used to (accustomed to) it.
beginning to feel normal
59

60. 10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.
I __________ the sand and sea.
am used to
60

61. 10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I’m confused. I _____________ this new
am not used to
computer.
61

62. 10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She is used to
_____________
this type of computer.
62

63. 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but
now he is a vegetarian.
63

64. 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is
a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb
64

65. 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to + -ing form of verb
(gerund)
65

66. 10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I ____ used to skiing back then.
was
66

67. 10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
I _____ used to like skiing, but
Ø
now I prefer snowboarding.
67

68. 10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
am
Now, I ____ used to snowboarding.
68

69. 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to
clean out the garage
this morning.
69

70. 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
I expect the
flight to leave
in 10 minutes.
70

71. 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation
71

72. 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(c) The flight was supposed to leave
at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur
72

73. 10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expect to get email today .
am supposed to
I ______________ get email today.
73

74. 10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
They were expected to arrive on May 4,
but they came on May 6.
They _______________ arrive on May 6.
were supposed to
74

75. 10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expected you to were
You ______
call me at noon! supposed to
___________
call me at
noon!
75

76. PHOTO CREDITS
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.
Images used under license from:
• Shutterstock, Inc.
• Clipart, Inc.
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