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Sea foods
1. SEA FOODS AND FAT REPLACER
BY
Pintu Choudhary
Master of Technology
( Food Science and Technology)
Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Government of India
Thanjavur - 613005
2. FISH CATCHING STATUS
Total fish catch in world is of the order of 92 million tones per
year
Total cost line of India about 5,600 km and total coast area of
about 1.13 million sq. km
The total fish catch in India was 133,020 MT tones in 2004
Total export per year is 380,000 tones of fish
Total value of export of fish and fish products amount to over
Rs.4,600 crores per annum
More than 80% of our export is frozen shrimp
World per capita consumption of seafood in 2003 =16.2 kg/yr.
Per capita sea food consumption in India =3.5 kg/yr.
3. TYPE OF FISH
Total estimated species of fish are about 25,000 species of
living today.
Total 250 different species of fish are used for edible purpose
The edible fishes are classified into two categories based on
their anatomical differences i.e. finfish and shellfish.
Fishes classified on the basis of their fat content as lean (less
than 2 per cent fat),medium (2 to 5 percent ) and fat (more than
5 per cent ).
4. FINFISH
Fins and backbones.
SHELLFISH
Shells instead
backbones.
FINFISH
SHELLFISH
9. CLASSIFICATION OF FISH ON BASIS
OF FAT CONTENT
FISH
LEAN (LESS THAN 2 PER CENT)
MEDIUM 2 TO 5 PERCENT
FAT ( MORE THAN 5 %)
10. SEAFOOD –NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS
• High quality protein
• High in omega-3 fatty acids
• Low in saturated fat
• Contributes to a healthy heart
• Contributes to proper growth and
development of children
• Source of vitamins and minerals
11. HEALTH BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH
FISH CONSUMPTION AND LEVELS OF
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Disease or health condition Strong evidence of
significant health
benefits
Promising preliminary
results
Coronary heart disease
High blood pressure
Irregular heart beat
(arrhythmia)
Diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Asthma
Bowel cancer
Crohn’s disease
Neural development
13. HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN
Protein needed for growth and maintenance
Seafood contains all 9 essential amino acids
Protein is highly digestible
Fish contain 16-27 grams of protein
15. HEALTH BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3
FATTY ACIDS
HEART
Lowers triglyceride levels
Counteracts inflammation
Helps arteries stay elastic
Helps prevent build-up of plaque deposits
Reduces risk of dying from heart attack
16. OMEGA-3S AND DIABETES
Onset of diabetes
- May keep the immune system in check
Control of symptoms
- Low level of DHA associated with an increased
insulin resistance
Complications of diabetes
- Influence development of cardiovascular disease
- May delay onset of kidney and nerve complications
17. OMEGA-3S AND CANCER
Onset
May help healthy cells resist damage
Multiplication of cells
May interfere with tumor growth
Spread
May inhibit tumor spread in the body
18. OTHER BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY
ACIDS
Joints
Fewer tender joints and decrease stiffness
Mood
Higher levels of EPA and DHA protective against
depression
Mind
Perhaps caused by inflammation in center of the brain
Lungs
May decrease severity of asthma
19. VITAMINS
Source of B complex vitamins
Niacin, B12 and B6, Thiamin
MINERALS
Excellent source of minerals
Calcium, Iron Zinc, Copper,
Potassium, Iodine, Phosphorus,
Selenium, Magnesium
20. FISH OR FISH OIL
SUPPLEMENTS
Taking supplements may be more convenient
Fish contains more of the “long-chain” fatty acid DHA
Excessive amounts of supplement – may increase
bleeding
May also increase both good and bad cholesterol
21. FISH FLOUR
Ingredient used for preparation of fish flour is defatted
fish.
It is rich in high quality protein and minerals.
Fish flour contain 85-90 % percent of high quality
protein .
It is less coastally and good quality protein is generally
used in several areas of the world
22. FAT REPLACER
Fat replacers are compounds incorporated into food
products to provide them with some qualities of fat.
Fat may be replaced in food products by traditional
techniques such as substituting water or air for fat, using
lean meats in frozen entrées, skim milk instead of whole
milk in frozen desserts, and baking instead of frying for
manufacturing or preparing snack foods.
Some lipids may be replaced in foods by reformulating
with selected ingredients that provide some fat-like
attributes . These fat replacers can be lipid, protein or
carbohydrate-based and can be used alone or in unique
combinations
23. TYPES OF FAT REPLACER
Fat replacers are generally categorized into two groups: fat
substitutes and fat mimetics.
Fat substitutes are ingredients that have a chemical structure
somewhat close to fats and have similar physiochemical
properties. They are usually either indigestible or contribute
lower calories on a per gram basis.
Fat mimetics are ingredients that have distinctly different
chemical structures from fat. They are usually carbohydrate
and/or protein-based. They have diverse functional
properties that mimic some of the characteristic
physiochemical attributes and desirable eating qualities of
fat.
25. PROTEIN BASED FAT SUBSTITUTES
Simplesse introduced in 1988 by Nutra Sweet, GRAS
status 1990 for application in frozen desserts. Produced
from milk and/or egg proteins by heating and blending
process known as microparticulation.
1g of Simplesse + 2 g of water = 3 g of fat
4kcal 27kcal
27. SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS
Olestra-hexa to octaesters of sucrose and fatty
acids
EPG - esterified propoxylated glycerols
DDM -Dialkyl dihexadecylmalonate
TATCA - trialkoxytricarballate
28. FAT SUBSTITUTES THAT CAN BE
USED AT HOME
Fruit based: apple sauce, date puree, plum puree,
banana puree, cherry puree
Corn starch, potato starch
Yoghurt
30. REFERENCES
Anonymous. 2010. Information on Nutrition and Health Claims.
Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Belury,M.A. 2002. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health.
Annual Review of Nutrition, 22, 505-531.
Finley, J.W. 2003. Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of
selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium
increases the anti-carcinogenic properties of broccoli. Journal of
Medicinal Food, 6, 19-26.
Akoh, C.C. (1998). Fat replacers, Food Technology, 52, 47-52.
Chronakis, I.S. (1997). Structural-Functional and Water-holding
Studies of Biopolymers in Low Fat Content Spreads, Lebensmittel-
Wissenschaft und-Technology 30,36-44.