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Understanding MLOps
2021.4.22
ChunMK
(chunmk80@gmail.com)
1
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜คํ•ด์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜คํ•ด์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค
3
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ดํ•ด
4
Feature(Store) ๋ž€?
โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜
โ€ข ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค€๋น„๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ.
ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ƒˆ
๋กœ์šด ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. (์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํ•œ ์—ด์„ "๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋˜
๋Š” ์†์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜
ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜์ˆ˜(dimensions)๋ผ ํ•จ.
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ํŒจํ„ด ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š”
๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ
feature Featureengineering FeatureStore
5
โ€ข ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ
์œ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ์šดํ•œ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰ ์ฒ˜๋…€ ํ•ญํ•ด์˜ ์Šน๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ
๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์€
์ด๋ฆ„, ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ
๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ "๋ณ€์ˆ˜" ๋˜๋Š” "์†์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•ญ
๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Feature(Store) ๋ž€?
6
Model ์ด๋ž€?
Prediction Algorithm
https://medium.com/brandlitic/difference-between-ml-algorithm-and-model-801a798a6dc0
Feature
7
Drift issues
Model Drift
Types of Model Drift
There are three main types of model drift:
1. Concept drift
2. Data drift
3. Upstream data changes
๊ฐœ๋… ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•. ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ '์‚ฌ๊ธฐ' ๋ถ„
๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋… ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ์˜ ์˜ˆ
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ์˜
์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”
์—…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์˜ˆ : ๋งˆ์ผ์—
์„œ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ).
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค?
9
Machine Learning Project Life cycle
Goal
Definition
Feature
Engineering
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Model
Deployment
Model
Maintainance
Model
Serving
Model
Monitoring
Data
Collection &
Preparation
Business
Problem
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค
11
Exploratiry
Data
Analysis
Local
Data
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
12
Exploratiry
Data
Analysis
Local
Data
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Manual experiment step
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
13
Exploratiry
Data
Analysis
Local
Data
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Manual experiment step
Model
Analysis
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
14
Exploratiry
Data
Analysis
Local
Data
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Manual experiment step
Model
Analysis
Trained
Model
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
15
Exploratiry
Data
Analysis
Local
Data
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Manual experiment step
Model
Analysis
Trained
Model
Model
Deployment
Storage
Training
Data Science
Serving
IT
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
16
Challenges
โ–ช Time Consuming
โ–ช Manual
โ–ช Inflexible
โ–ช Error Prone
โ–ช Not Resuable
๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
17
์ข…์†์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ
1
์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์ด์Šˆ
2
์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ
3
ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ
์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ
4
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜.
โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—
๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ IT
ํŒ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋„
๋™์ผํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€
์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ
๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•จ.
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์ ‘๊ทผ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด
์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค
์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€.
โ€ข ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ
๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์—
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ.
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ
๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค
์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋จ
โ€ข ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋ฐ
ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜
์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
(์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ) ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ
์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ
์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ.
โ€ข ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„
๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž„.
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค
ML ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์ •
19
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”
โ€œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์˜ˆ : ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ)๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€
์น˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  -๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ- ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›๋ž˜
๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธโ€
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํŒ€์ด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŒ€์ด 6 ๊ฐœ์›” ์•ˆ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •
ํŒ€์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
6 ๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํŒ€์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํŒ€์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ 
์‘๋‹ต์€ โ€œ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!โ€
์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ดํ›„ ์›๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด
๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
6 ๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์ •๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4 ๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋” ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
์›๋ž˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
21
ML Team members
Data
Scientist
ML
Engineer
Subject
Matter
Expert
Software
Engineer
DevOps
Engineer
Data
Engineer
Data
Analyst
โ–ช ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์งˆ๋ฌธ
โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์š”๊ตฌ/๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ์ถฉ
์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ํ™•์ธ
โ–ช ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅ
โ–ช ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์˜ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜
๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ํ™”
โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„
โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์›
โ–ช ML ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค(ETL)์—์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ถ”์ถœ์„์ตœ
์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
โ–ช SME๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ• 
์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ
โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ,ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์ „๋‹ฌ,๋น„์ฆˆ
๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ
โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์žฌํ•™์Šต
โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”API ๋˜๋Š”
์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ
โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ดํ”Œ๋žซํผ
์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ํ™•์ธ
โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜์˜๋ณด์•ˆ
๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
โ–ช ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ CI/CD
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด
๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ์„ค์ •
โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ €์žฅ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ,
์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์†๋„, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹น
โ–ช ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ
ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด
22
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23
์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ
์˜ค.
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜
์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€ข ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ
ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฑด์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
์ด ์ดˆ๋‹น ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ
์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์—†์ด ์ ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“ 
์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ด
ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(๋ชจ๋ธ) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€
24
์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
์ข…์ข… ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ‰๊ท  ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜
ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ
What Is MLOps? by Mark Treveil and Lynn Heidmann, Oโ€™Reilly Media, 2020.11
25
ML Team Communication
Data
Scientist
ML
Engineer
Subject
Matter
Expert
Software
Engineer
DevOps
Engineer
Data
Engineer
Data
Analyst
Siloed Team Member
Not Everyone Speaks the Same
Language
26
Siloed Team, between Teams Communication
Team A TeamB Team C Team D
Team โ€ฆ Team.. Teamโ€ฆ
Enterprise ML work Teams
Not Everyone Speaks the Same
Language
์™œ?
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ๊ฐ€?
(MLOps)
28
์™€๊ธ€์™€๊ธ€
MLOps โ€“ New Buzzword
Google Trend โ€“ MLOps vs. ML
29
์™€๊ธ€์™€๊ธ€
MLOps โ€“ New Buzzword
2018 ๋…„ ์ดํ›„ MLOps๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋“ฑ์žฅ.
๋™์ผํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ฒœ์ฐจ๋งŒ๋ณ„.
โ€˜MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ์ •๋„โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ์ค‘.
MLOps
MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ์ •๋„
30
์ถœ์ฒ˜ : Algorithmia - 2021 enterprise trends in machine learning ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ค‘ ์ •๋ฆฌ
AI/ML์˜ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด
์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง์€
ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์— 25 ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜
๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์œ , AI/ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
โ€œ๋ณด์œ  ๊ธฐ์—…"๊ณผ "๋ฌด๋ณด์œ  ๊ธฐ์—…"
์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ์กด์žฌ
์กฐ์ง์€ ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค
์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—
์ค‘์ ์„๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ
AI/ML ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ
๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋Š” AI/ML ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
์ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ AI/ML ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ,
์กฐ์ง์˜ 49 %๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ
์šฐ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€
์กฐ์ง์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” AI/ML
์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด
์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ AI/ML
์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์™€
๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์กฐ์ง์  ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”
๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์˜ 64 %๊ฐ€
ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ์š”
์กฐ์ง์˜ 38 %๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ 50 %
์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
์ด๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
์•…ํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ
์„œ๋“œํŒŒํ‹ฐ์˜ ML ์šด์˜(MLOps) ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ž์ฒด ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ณด๋‹ค
๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋” ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„
2021๋…„ ๊ธฐ์—… ML 10๋Œ€ ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ(๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ)
Target Persona changing
Case of Kubeflow
Propritary
Inference
Servers
Using proprietary tools to
perform modeling and
inference
โžข SAS
โžข SPSS
โžข FICO
The Rise of
Open Source
Data Science Tools
โ€ฆ , attempt to wrap the data
science stack in a lightweight web
service framework, and put it into
production.
Phython:
โžข SciPy stack
โžข Scitkit-learn
โžข TensorFlow etc.
R:
โžข dplyr
โžข ggplot2
โžข Etc.
โžข Spark, H2O, othersโ€ฆ
Containerization
to-the rescue
containerized the โ€œStone
Ageโ€ approach, making it
easy to scale, robust, etc.
MLOps
Platform
โžข Dockerized open source
ML stacks
โžข Deployed them on premise
or in the cloud via
Kubernetes
โžข And providing some
manageability(MLOps)
time
Pre-History Age Stone Age Bronze Age
MLOps
Gold Rush Age
2000 2015 2018
https://github.com/adbreind/open-standard-models-2019/blob/master/01-
Intro.ipynb
Adam Breindel
Evolution of MLOps
โ†’ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ™”์ค‘
33
MLOps Principles โ€“ โ€˜Continuous Xโ€™
MLOps is an ML engineering culture that includes the following practices:
โ€ข Continuous Integration (CI) extends the testing and validating code and components
by adding testing and validating data and models.
โ€ข Continuous Delivery (CD) concerns with delivery of an ML training pipeline that
automatically deploys another the ML model prediction service.
โ€ข Continuous Training (CT) is unique to ML systems property, which automatically
retrains ML models for re-deployment.
โ€ข Continuous Monitoring (CM) concerns with monitoring production data and model
performance metrics, which are bound to business metrics.
34
Googleโ€™s MLOps Guidelines (2020.11 โ†’ 2021.4 โ€ฆ)
MLOps maturity model
Level Description
0 No Ops
1 DevOps but no MLOps
2 Automated Training
3 Automated Model Deployment
4 Automated Operations (full MLOps)
*Azure Machine Learning : MLOps Maturity Model
Maturity of MLOps
โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 0 : ์ˆ˜๋™ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค : ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ๋ฐ
๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Œ. ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š”
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ
โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1 : ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋™ํ™” :์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋„์ž…. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜ ๋  ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์žฌํ•™
์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ.
โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2 : CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋™ํ™” : ML ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ค„
์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ.
35
Level Description Highlights Technology
0 No MLOps
โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€
โ€ข ํŒ€์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€
โ€ข ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ "๋ธ”๋ž™ ๋ฐ•์Šค"๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ค‘ /
์‚ฌํ›„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ
โ€ข ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
โ€ข ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ถ”์  ์—†์Œ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต์€ ์ˆ˜๋™
1
DevOps but no
MLOps
โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” No MLOps๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ
๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒ€์— ์˜์กด
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ 
โ€ข ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ /์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€
โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋นŒ๋“œ
โ€ข ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
2
Automated
Training
โ€ข ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์žฌํ˜„ ์šฉ์ด
โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ์Œ
โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ์ถ”์ 
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
3
Automated
Model
Deployment
โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ์ž๋™
โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ์—์„œ ์›๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ถ”์ ์„ฑ
โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ: ํ•™์Šต> ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ> ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜
โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ A/B ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ
4
Full MLOps
Automated
Operations
โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋จ
โ€ข ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ž๋™ ๊ฐœ์„ 
โ€ข ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด ํƒ€์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผ
โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ
Azure Machine Learning : MLOps Maturity Model
Maturity of MLOps
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ML
Operations, MLOps)์€
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
37
increase automation and improve the quality of production ML
MLOps looks to
โ€ข Machine Learning
โ€ข DevOps (IT)
โ€ข Data Engineering
Components of MLOps
MLOpsis
defined as โ€œa practice for collaboration and communication
between data scientists and operations professionals to help manage
production ML (or deep learning) lifecycle.
bmc.com/blogs/mlops-machine-learning-ops
An ML engineering culture and practice that aims at unifying ML
system development(Dev) and ML system operation (Ops) - Google
38
โ€ข ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ 
โ€ข ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ณ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜
โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด
Benefits of MLOps
https://www.bmc.com/blogs/mlops-machine-learning-ops/
39
The difficulties with MLOps
โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๋™ํ™”
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ
โ€ข ์ง„๋‹จ
โ€ข ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜
โ€ข ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ
โ€ข ํ˜‘์—…
โ€ข ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์šฉ๋„
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
40
MLOps Stage Output of the Stage Execution
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜(ML ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ)
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์šฉ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ, ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ,
์ค€๋น„, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ(์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์‹คํ–‰) ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ : ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ(๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ) ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ
์ž๋™ํ™” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ง(ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ
์‹คํ–‰. ์ผ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ)
๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ ˆ์ง€์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ(์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ๊ณต) ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค(์˜ˆ : REST API๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ)
๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘)
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ์‹คํ—˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰
MLOps stages that reflect the process of
ML pipeline automation Setup Components
41
MLOps Setup
Components
Description
Source Control ์ฝ”๋“œ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
Test & Build Services
(1) ๋ชจ๋“  ML ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณด์ฆ ๋ฐ (2) ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ์šฉ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ฐ
์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ ๋นŒ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด CI ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
Deployment Services ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด CD ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
Model Registry ์ด๋ฏธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ง€์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ
Feature Store
์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ๊ณต ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋กœ
์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
ML Metadata Store
๋ชจ๋ธ๋ช…, ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ 
ML Pipeline
Orchestrator
ML ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ž๋™ํ™”
MLOps Setup Components
ml-ops.org/content/mlops-principles
MLOps Principles
42
Design
Model
Development
Operations
Requirements Engineering
ML Use Case Priorization
Data Availability Check
Data Engineering
ML Model Engineering
Model Testing & Validation
ML Model Deployment
CI/CD Pipelines
Monitoring & Triggering
ml-ops.org/content/mlops-principles
MLOps Principles
Iterative-Incremental Process in MLOps
43
Experimentation &
Development
Training Pipeline
Continus Training
Model Serving
Pipeline
Continus
Evaluation
Traceability &
Explainability
Code
Repository
Artifact
Repository
Trained Models &
ML metadata
Deployed
models
Model
Logs
https://medium.com/technoesis/mlops-is-a-practice-not-a-tool-41674c5bdad7
MLOps is a Practice, Not a Tool
Continuous feedback loops
with an MLOps workflow
44
ML Engineering & Operations
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
45
ML Engineering & Operations
Data
Acquisition
Exploratory
Data
Analysis
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
Data
Engineer
46
Data
Acquisition
Exploratory
Data
Analysis
Data
preparation &
Processing
Feature
Engineering
Model
Trainning/
Experimentation
Model
Analysis &
evaluation
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
Model
Developme
nt
Data
Scientist
Data
Engineer
ML Engineering & Operations
47
Data
Acquisition
Exploratory
Data
Analysis
Data
preparation &
Processing
Feature
Engineering
Model
Trainning/
Experimentation
Model
Analysis &
evaluation
Runtime
Enviornment
Risk Assessment
Final Model
performance
analysis
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
Model
Developme
nt
Data
Scientist
Data
Engineer
ML
Architect
+
Data
Engineer
ML Engineering & Operations
48
Data
Acquisition
Exploratory
Data
Analysis
Data
preparation &
Processing
Feature
Engineering
Model
Trainning/
Experimentation
Model
Analysis &
evaluation
Runtime
Enviornment
Risk Assessment
Final Model
performance
analysis
Autoscaling
Containerization
(Docker/Kubernetes)
CI/CD Pipeline
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
Model
Developme
nt
Data
Scientist
Data
Engineer
Data Engineer
+
DevOps
ML
Architect
+
Data
Engineer
ML Engineering & Operations
49
Data
Acquisition
Exploratory
Data
Analysis
Data
preparation &
Processing
Feature
Engineering
Model
Trainning/
Experimentation
Model
Analysis &
evaluation
Runtime
Enviornment
Risk Assessment
Final Model
performance
analysis
Autoscaling
Containerization
(Docker/Kubernetes)
CI/CD Pipeline
Logging/
Scheduling
Online Monitoring
Performance
degradation
checker
Product
manager
Subject matter
Expert
Business
Objective
Model
Developme
nt
Data
Scientist
DevOps
+
Data Scientist
Data
Engineer
Data Engineer
+
DevOps
ML
Architect
+
Data
Engineer
ML Engineering & Operations
๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๋กœ
๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
51
Experimentation/
Development
Continuous
Training
Model CI/CD
Continuous
Monitoring
Training Serving
ML Solution Lifecycle
52
Orchestrated Experiment
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Source
Repository
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
Development
Datasets
Data
Extraction
Source
Code
Automated E2E Pipeline
Reliable & Repeatible Training
53
Orchestrated Experiment
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Source
Repository
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
Development
Datasets
Data
Extraction
Source
Code
Automated E2E Pipeline
Training Pipeline CI/CD
Run Automated
tests
Tag and store
Artifacts
Deploy to target
enviornment
Artifact
Store
Build Components
& Pipeline
Ml Pipeline
Artifacts
Reliable & Repeatible Training
54
Orchestrated Experiment
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Source
Repository
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
Development
Datasets
Data
Extraction
Source
Code
Automated E2E Pipeline
Training Pipeline CI/CD
Run Automated
tests
Tag and store
Artifacts
Deploy to target
enviornment
Artifact
Store
Build Components
& Pipeline
Ml Pipeline
Artifacts
Continuous Training
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Registry
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
Training
Datasets
Data
Extraction
Trained
Models
Reliable & Repeatible Training
55
Model Deployment CI/CD
Run Automated Tests
Source
Repository
Deploy to Target
Enviornment
Build Prediction Service
Automated E2E Pipeline
Model
Registry
Reliable & Monitored Serving
56
Model Deployment CI/CD
Run Automated Tests
Source
Repository
Deploy to Target
Enviornment
Build Prediction Service
Automated E2E Pipeline
Model
Registry
Serving Infrastructure
Explain Monitor
Predict
Live Data Evaluate
Log Store
Performance &
Event Logs
ML Metadata
Evaluations,
Data Drift and
Concept Drift
notification
Reliable & Monitored Serving
57
Experimentati
on/
Development
Training
Pipeline CI/CD
Continus
Training
Model
Deployment
CI/CD
Serving &
Monitoring
Code
Repository
Artifact
Repository
Model
Repository
Logs
Serving
Infrastructure
ML Metadata
Code and
Configuration
Pipeline
artifacts
Trained
Model
Model
Deployment
Serving
Logs
E2E View
Putting it all together
58
MLOps Level 0 : manual process
Data
Extraction and
Analysis
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation and
Validation
Model
Serving
Offilne
Data
Prediction
Service
Manual experiment step
Trained
Model
Model
Registry
ML Ops
Experimentation/ Development/ Test
Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production
MLOps ์ˆ˜์ค€ 0์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ML์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž„. ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜
๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜
์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ๋•Œ ์†์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Œ. ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋™์ ์ธ
๋ณ€ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ.
59
Automated Pipeline
Orchestrated Experiment
Data
Analysis
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Pipeline
deployment
Source
Repository
Prediction
Service
Model
Registry
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
Model
Analysis
Feature
Store
Data
extraction
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation CD: Model
Serving
ML Metadata Store
Trigger
Performance
monitoring
Source
Code
ML Ops
Trained
Model
Experimentation/ Development/ Test
Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production
MLOps Level 1 : ML pipeline automation
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ
๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ITํŒ€์— ์ œ์ถœ. ์ด ์„ค์ •์€ ์ƒˆ ML ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ
ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ํ•ฉ.
60
Automated Pipeline
Orchestrated Experiment
Data
Analysis
Source
Repository
Prediction
Service
Model
Registry
Model
Analysis
Feature
Store
Data
extraction
Data
Validation
Data
Preparation
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Model
Validation
CD: Model
Serving
ML Metadata Store
Trigger
Performance
monitoring
Source
Code
Trained
Model
CI : Build, Test & Package
Pipeline Components
CD : Pipeline
Deployment
Package
MLOps
Experimentation/ Development/ Test
Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production
MLOps Level 2 : CI/CD pipeline automation
ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ML์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์šฉ API๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜. ๋Œ€์‹  ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์žฌํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž
๋™ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ. CI/CD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ
ํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.
61
๏‚ ๏‚‚
๏‚ƒ
๏‚„ ๏‚…
๏‚†
โ‘  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜: ์ƒˆ ML ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„. ์ด ๋‹จ
๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ
์ด๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ํ‘ธ์‹œ.
โ‘ก ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ: ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋“œํ•˜
๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด
ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ(ํŒจํ‚ค
์ง€, ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ, ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ).
โ‘ข ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ: CI ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ
์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฐํฌ. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ
์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”, ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„
๋ผ์ธ.
โ‘ฃ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ: ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์€ ์ผ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ
๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šค
ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ‘ธ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ.
โ‘ค ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ: ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ
๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค.
โ‘ฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง: ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ
๋Šฅ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ
์ธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ
๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ.
MLOps Level 2 : CI/CD pipeline automation
ML Model
Operationalization
Management ์ดํ•ด
63
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
โ€ข ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ํ•˜์ด
ํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •, ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ฐ ์•„
ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ์žฌํ•™์Šต ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ๋‹จ์ผ ์žฅ์น˜, ์˜จ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์Šค, ์—์ง€, ์„œ๋ฒ„, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ ๋””๋งจ๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์šด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—”๋“œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•์žฅ
์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ.
โ€ข ์•™์ƒ๋ธ”, ํ•˜์ดํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
MLOps ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
64
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ œ๊ณต
โ€ข ํŠน์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์šด์˜
์—”๋“œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋ฐ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์ง€์ • ๋ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ํ•˜์ดํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •
๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ MLOps ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•จ
Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
65
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์š”์ฒญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ •ํ™•๋„, ์žฌํ˜„์œจ, F1 ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€
์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ธก์ •.
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •, ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
โ€ข ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฒ„์ „ ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ
โ€ข ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” "๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ" ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ
์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” "๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ"
โ€ข ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์Šค, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ,
์šด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง
ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จ
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ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ MLOps ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์ œ๊ณต
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ œ์–ด, ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ
โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ•™์Šต, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์„ธํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ก
โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์ธก์ • ๋กœ๊น…
โ€ข ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋‚ด์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
โ€ข ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ก
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ก
โ€ข ์šด์˜, ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™, LOB (Line of Business), ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด
๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŽธํ–ฅ ์ธก์ • ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง
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MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
โ€ข ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก
โ€ข ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜
โ€ข ์ „์ด ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
โ€ข ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์š”์†Œ
โ€ข ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ œ์–ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ
โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ • ๋ณดํ˜ธ
โ€ข ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„
โ€ข ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ 
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‚ญ์ œ(Sanitization)
โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ต๋ช…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
โ€ข API ๋ฐ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
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Machine Learning Model Development
Machine Learning Model Operationalization Management(MLOps)
Model
Dev.
Data
Prep
Model
Training
Model
Evaluation
Model
Packaging
Model
Discovery
Model
Security
Model
Monitoring
Model
Transparency
Model
Governance
Model
Versioning
ML DEV
ML OPS
Components of ML Development and Ops
ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด
Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions
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70
๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ - ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค
Model Lifecycle Management
Model development processes & artifacts
Output
models
Training
Data Sets
Test Data
Sets
Validation
Data Sets
Hyperpara-
meters
settings
Validation
Outputs
Ensemble
models
Other key
artifacts
Re-training
pipelines
Model
deployment
Version
control (all
model assets)
configuration,
settings management
ensemble hyperpara
meter
Model Versioning
& Iteration
Model Monitoring - Dashboard
Measure management Visibility
Drift
measurement Metrics
Model Governance
Auditability
Model provenance & auditing
Documents
Training
Testing
Deployment
Audit trail
Recording
artifacts
Metadata
Logging
Training, test,
validation sets used
Accuracy
measurements
Version
history &
model
version
usage
Model bias
measure
monitoring Customizable views of data
Operat-
ions
Data
science
Model
development
LOB
Auditing
Compli-
ance
Data
enginee-
ring
Other
roles
Model Discovery(catalogs/registries/marketplaces)
Curated
Listings of
available
models
Narrative
descriptions
of models
Access control
& cost
mechanisms
for model
usage
Visibility
into model
versions
Ability to
segment lists
Potential for
transfer
learning &
model
extension
Model Security
Access control
mechanisms
Auditing of
model use
& access
Protection of
models, training
data, settings
Vulnerability
analyses
Reporting on
significant
changes to
data
Sanitization
of data
inputs
Enforcing
data
privacy
API &
access
monitoring
Model
Model development
Model
latency
Performan
ce time
Quantity
of requests
Prediction
errors
Accuracy
Performance
measure F1 Other
artifacts
Data(sent
to model)
How
model
used
Model
Drift
Data
Drift
across
slices
user
cohorts
Operational
enviornments
Other
segments
Training data sets
Hyperparameter
settings
Output models
Control
Model
Access
authorization
security
category
User access level
Other factors
Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chun MK(chunmk80@gmail.com)

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Understanding MLOps

  • 5. 4 Feature(Store) ๋ž€? โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ โ€ข ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค€๋น„๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ƒˆ ๋กœ์šด ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. (์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํ•œ ์—ด์„ "๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋˜ ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜์ˆ˜(dimensions)๋ผ ํ•จ. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ํŒจํ„ด ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ feature Featureengineering FeatureStore
  • 6. 5 โ€ข ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ ์œ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ์šดํ•œ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰ ์ฒ˜๋…€ ํ•ญํ•ด์˜ ์Šน๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์€ ์ด๋ฆ„, ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ "๋ณ€์ˆ˜" ๋˜๋Š” "์†์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•ญ ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Feature(Store) ๋ž€?
  • 8. 7 Drift issues Model Drift Types of Model Drift There are three main types of model drift: 1. Concept drift 2. Data drift 3. Upstream data changes ๊ฐœ๋… ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•. ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ '์‚ฌ๊ธฐ' ๋ถ„ ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋… ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ์˜ ์˜ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์˜ˆ : ๋งˆ์ผ์— ์„œ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ).
  • 10. 9 Machine Learning Project Life cycle Goal Definition Feature Engineering Model Training Model Evaluation Model Deployment Model Maintainance Model Serving Model Monitoring Data Collection & Preparation Business Problem
  • 17. 16 Challenges โ–ช Time Consuming โ–ช Manual โ–ช Inflexible โ–ช Error Prone โ–ช Not Resuable ๊ธฐ์กด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹
  • 18. 17 ์ข…์†์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ 1 ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์ด์Šˆ 2 ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ 3 ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ด์Šˆ 4 โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜. โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ IT ํŒ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•จ. โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€. โ€ข ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ. โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋จ โ€ข ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  (์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ) ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. โ€ข ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž„. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค
  • 20. 19 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ€œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์˜ˆ : ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ)๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์น˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  -๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ- ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธโ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํŒ€์ด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŒ€์ด 6 ๊ฐœ์›” ์•ˆ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํŒ€์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 ๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํŒ€์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํŒ€์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ต์€ โ€œ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!โ€ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ดํ›„ ์›๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 ๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์ •๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4 ๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋” ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์›๋ž˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 22. 21 ML Team members Data Scientist ML Engineer Subject Matter Expert Software Engineer DevOps Engineer Data Engineer Data Analyst โ–ช ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์งˆ๋ฌธ โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์š”๊ตฌ/๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ์ถฉ ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ํ™•์ธ โ–ช ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅ โ–ช ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์˜ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ํ™” โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์› โ–ช ML ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค(ETL)์—์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ถ”์ถœ์„์ตœ ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ตฌ์ถ• โ–ช SME๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ,ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์ „๋‹ฌ,๋น„์ฆˆ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ โ–ช ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์žฌํ•™์Šต โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”API ๋˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ดํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ํ™•์ธ โ–ช ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜์˜๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ–ช ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œML ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ์„ค์ • โ–ช ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ €์žฅ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์†๋„, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹น โ–ช ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด
  • 23. 22 ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 24. 23 ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ ์˜ค. โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ข ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฑด์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด ์ดˆ๋‹น ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์—†์ด ์ ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ด ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(๋ชจ๋ธ) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€
  • 25. 24 ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ‰๊ท  ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ What Is MLOps? by Mark Treveil and Lynn Heidmann, Oโ€™Reilly Media, 2020.11
  • 27. 26 Siloed Team, between Teams Communication Team A TeamB Team C Team D Team โ€ฆ Team.. Teamโ€ฆ Enterprise ML work Teams Not Everyone Speaks the Same Language
  • 29. 28 ์™€๊ธ€์™€๊ธ€ MLOps โ€“ New Buzzword Google Trend โ€“ MLOps vs. ML
  • 30. 29 ์™€๊ธ€์™€๊ธ€ MLOps โ€“ New Buzzword 2018 ๋…„ ์ดํ›„ MLOps๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋“ฑ์žฅ. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ฒœ์ฐจ๋งŒ๋ณ„. โ€˜MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ์ •๋„โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ์ค‘. MLOps MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ์ •๋„
  • 31. 30 ์ถœ์ฒ˜ : Algorithmia - 2021 enterprise trends in machine learning ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ค‘ ์ •๋ฆฌ AI/ML์˜ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์— 25 ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์œ , AI/ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ โ€œ๋ณด์œ  ๊ธฐ์—…"๊ณผ "๋ฌด๋ณด์œ  ๊ธฐ์—…" ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ์กด์žฌ ์กฐ์ง์€ ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์ค‘์ ์„๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ AI/ML ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋Š” AI/ML ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ AI/ML ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง์˜ 49 %๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” AI/ML ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ AI/ML ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์™€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์  ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์˜ 64 %๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ์š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ 38 %๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ 50 % ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•…ํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ ์„œ๋“œํŒŒํ‹ฐ์˜ ML ์šด์˜(MLOps) ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ž์ฒด ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋” ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ 2021๋…„ ๊ธฐ์—… ML 10๋Œ€ ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ(๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ)
  • 33. Propritary Inference Servers Using proprietary tools to perform modeling and inference โžข SAS โžข SPSS โžข FICO The Rise of Open Source Data Science Tools โ€ฆ , attempt to wrap the data science stack in a lightweight web service framework, and put it into production. Phython: โžข SciPy stack โžข Scitkit-learn โžข TensorFlow etc. R: โžข dplyr โžข ggplot2 โžข Etc. โžข Spark, H2O, othersโ€ฆ Containerization to-the rescue containerized the โ€œStone Ageโ€ approach, making it easy to scale, robust, etc. MLOps Platform โžข Dockerized open source ML stacks โžข Deployed them on premise or in the cloud via Kubernetes โžข And providing some manageability(MLOps) time Pre-History Age Stone Age Bronze Age MLOps Gold Rush Age 2000 2015 2018 https://github.com/adbreind/open-standard-models-2019/blob/master/01- Intro.ipynb Adam Breindel Evolution of MLOps โ†’ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ™”์ค‘
  • 34. 33 MLOps Principles โ€“ โ€˜Continuous Xโ€™ MLOps is an ML engineering culture that includes the following practices: โ€ข Continuous Integration (CI) extends the testing and validating code and components by adding testing and validating data and models. โ€ข Continuous Delivery (CD) concerns with delivery of an ML training pipeline that automatically deploys another the ML model prediction service. โ€ข Continuous Training (CT) is unique to ML systems property, which automatically retrains ML models for re-deployment. โ€ข Continuous Monitoring (CM) concerns with monitoring production data and model performance metrics, which are bound to business metrics.
  • 35. 34 Googleโ€™s MLOps Guidelines (2020.11 โ†’ 2021.4 โ€ฆ) MLOps maturity model Level Description 0 No Ops 1 DevOps but no MLOps 2 Automated Training 3 Automated Model Deployment 4 Automated Operations (full MLOps) *Azure Machine Learning : MLOps Maturity Model Maturity of MLOps โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 0 : ์ˆ˜๋™ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค : ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Œ. ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1 : ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋™ํ™” :์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋„์ž…. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜ ๋  ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์žฌํ•™ ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ. โ–ช MLOps ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2 : CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋™ํ™” : ML ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ค„ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ.
  • 36. 35 Level Description Highlights Technology 0 No MLOps โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ โ€ข ํŒ€์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€ โ€ข ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ "๋ธ”๋ž™ ๋ฐ•์Šค"๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ค‘ / ์‚ฌํ›„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ โ€ข ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ โ€ข ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ถ”์  ์—†์Œ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ 1 DevOps but no MLOps โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” No MLOps๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒ€์— ์˜์กด โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์  โ€ข ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ /์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋นŒ๋“œ โ€ข ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 2 Automated Training โ€ข ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์žฌํ˜„ ์šฉ์ด โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ์Œ โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ์ถ”์  โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 3 Automated Model Deployment โ€ข ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ์ž๋™ โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ์—์„œ ์›๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ถ”์ ์„ฑ โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ: ํ•™์Šต> ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ> ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ A/B ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ 4 Full MLOps Automated Operations โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋จ โ€ข ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ž๋™ ๊ฐœ์„  โ€ข ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด ํƒ€์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผ โ€ข ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ Azure Machine Learning : MLOps Maturity Model Maturity of MLOps
  • 38. 37 increase automation and improve the quality of production ML MLOps looks to โ€ข Machine Learning โ€ข DevOps (IT) โ€ข Data Engineering Components of MLOps MLOpsis defined as โ€œa practice for collaboration and communication between data scientists and operations professionals to help manage production ML (or deep learning) lifecycle. bmc.com/blogs/mlops-machine-learning-ops An ML engineering culture and practice that aims at unifying ML system development(Dev) and ML system operation (Ops) - Google
  • 39. 38 โ€ข ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํ˜์‹  โ€ข ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ณ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ โ€ข ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด Benefits of MLOps https://www.bmc.com/blogs/mlops-machine-learning-ops/
  • 40. 39 The difficulties with MLOps โ€ข ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๋™ํ™” โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ โ€ข ์ง„๋‹จ โ€ข ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ โ€ข ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ โ€ข ํ˜‘์—… โ€ข ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์šฉ๋„ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
  • 41. 40 MLOps Stage Output of the Stage Execution ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜(ML ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ML ๋ชจ๋ธ) ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์šฉ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ, ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ค€๋น„, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ(์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์‹คํ–‰) ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ : ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ(๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ) ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋™ํ™” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ง(ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜์—์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰. ์ผ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ) ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ ˆ์ง€์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ(์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ๊ณต) ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค(์˜ˆ : REST API๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ) ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘) ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ์‹คํ—˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ MLOps stages that reflect the process of ML pipeline automation Setup Components
  • 42. 41 MLOps Setup Components Description Source Control ์ฝ”๋“œ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ Test & Build Services (1) ๋ชจ๋“  ML ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณด์ฆ ๋ฐ (2) ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ์šฉ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ ๋นŒ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด CI ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ Deployment Services ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด CD ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ Model Registry ์ด๋ฏธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ง€์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ Feature Store ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ๊ณต ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ML Metadata Store ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ช…, ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์  ML Pipeline Orchestrator ML ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ž๋™ํ™” MLOps Setup Components ml-ops.org/content/mlops-principles MLOps Principles
  • 43. 42 Design Model Development Operations Requirements Engineering ML Use Case Priorization Data Availability Check Data Engineering ML Model Engineering Model Testing & Validation ML Model Deployment CI/CD Pipelines Monitoring & Triggering ml-ops.org/content/mlops-principles MLOps Principles Iterative-Incremental Process in MLOps
  • 44. 43 Experimentation & Development Training Pipeline Continus Training Model Serving Pipeline Continus Evaluation Traceability & Explainability Code Repository Artifact Repository Trained Models & ML metadata Deployed models Model Logs https://medium.com/technoesis/mlops-is-a-practice-not-a-tool-41674c5bdad7 MLOps is a Practice, Not a Tool Continuous feedback loops with an MLOps workflow
  • 45. 44 ML Engineering & Operations Product manager Subject matter Expert Business Objective
  • 46. 45 ML Engineering & Operations Data Acquisition Exploratory Data Analysis Product manager Subject matter Expert Business Objective Data Engineer
  • 48. 47 Data Acquisition Exploratory Data Analysis Data preparation & Processing Feature Engineering Model Trainning/ Experimentation Model Analysis & evaluation Runtime Enviornment Risk Assessment Final Model performance analysis Product manager Subject matter Expert Business Objective Model Developme nt Data Scientist Data Engineer ML Architect + Data Engineer ML Engineering & Operations
  • 49. 48 Data Acquisition Exploratory Data Analysis Data preparation & Processing Feature Engineering Model Trainning/ Experimentation Model Analysis & evaluation Runtime Enviornment Risk Assessment Final Model performance analysis Autoscaling Containerization (Docker/Kubernetes) CI/CD Pipeline Product manager Subject matter Expert Business Objective Model Developme nt Data Scientist Data Engineer Data Engineer + DevOps ML Architect + Data Engineer ML Engineering & Operations
  • 50. 49 Data Acquisition Exploratory Data Analysis Data preparation & Processing Feature Engineering Model Trainning/ Experimentation Model Analysis & evaluation Runtime Enviornment Risk Assessment Final Model performance analysis Autoscaling Containerization (Docker/Kubernetes) CI/CD Pipeline Logging/ Scheduling Online Monitoring Performance degradation checker Product manager Subject matter Expert Business Objective Model Developme nt Data Scientist DevOps + Data Scientist Data Engineer Data Engineer + DevOps ML Architect + Data Engineer ML Engineering & Operations
  • 51. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ MLOps ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
  • 54. 53 Orchestrated Experiment Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Source Repository Model Evaluation Model Validation Development Datasets Data Extraction Source Code Automated E2E Pipeline Training Pipeline CI/CD Run Automated tests Tag and store Artifacts Deploy to target enviornment Artifact Store Build Components & Pipeline Ml Pipeline Artifacts Reliable & Repeatible Training
  • 55. 54 Orchestrated Experiment Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Source Repository Model Evaluation Model Validation Development Datasets Data Extraction Source Code Automated E2E Pipeline Training Pipeline CI/CD Run Automated tests Tag and store Artifacts Deploy to target enviornment Artifact Store Build Components & Pipeline Ml Pipeline Artifacts Continuous Training Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Model Registry Model Evaluation Model Validation Training Datasets Data Extraction Trained Models Reliable & Repeatible Training
  • 56. 55 Model Deployment CI/CD Run Automated Tests Source Repository Deploy to Target Enviornment Build Prediction Service Automated E2E Pipeline Model Registry Reliable & Monitored Serving
  • 57. 56 Model Deployment CI/CD Run Automated Tests Source Repository Deploy to Target Enviornment Build Prediction Service Automated E2E Pipeline Model Registry Serving Infrastructure Explain Monitor Predict Live Data Evaluate Log Store Performance & Event Logs ML Metadata Evaluations, Data Drift and Concept Drift notification Reliable & Monitored Serving
  • 59. 58 MLOps Level 0 : manual process Data Extraction and Analysis Data Preparation Model Training Model Evaluation and Validation Model Serving Offilne Data Prediction Service Manual experiment step Trained Model Model Registry ML Ops Experimentation/ Development/ Test Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production MLOps ์ˆ˜์ค€ 0์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ML์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž„. ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ๋•Œ ์†์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Œ. ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ.
  • 60. 59 Automated Pipeline Orchestrated Experiment Data Analysis Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Pipeline deployment Source Repository Prediction Service Model Registry Model Evaluation Model Validation Model Analysis Feature Store Data extraction Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Model Evaluation Model Validation CD: Model Serving ML Metadata Store Trigger Performance monitoring Source Code ML Ops Trained Model Experimentation/ Development/ Test Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production MLOps Level 1 : ML pipeline automation ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ITํŒ€์— ์ œ์ถœ. ์ด ์„ค์ •์€ ์ƒˆ ML ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ํ•ฉ.
  • 61. 60 Automated Pipeline Orchestrated Experiment Data Analysis Source Repository Prediction Service Model Registry Model Analysis Feature Store Data extraction Data Validation Data Preparation Model Training Model Evaluation Model Validation CD: Model Serving ML Metadata Store Trigger Performance monitoring Source Code Trained Model CI : Build, Test & Package Pipeline Components CD : Pipeline Deployment Package MLOps Experimentation/ Development/ Test Stagging/ Preproduction/ Production MLOps Level 2 : CI/CD pipeline automation ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ML์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์šฉ API๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜. ๋Œ€์‹  ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์žฌํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž ๋™ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ. CI/CD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ ํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.
  • 62. 61 ๏‚ ๏‚‚ ๏‚ƒ ๏‚„ ๏‚… ๏‚† โ‘  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜: ์ƒˆ ML ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„. ์ด ๋‹จ ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ML ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ํ‘ธ์‹œ. โ‘ก ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ: ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋“œํ•˜ ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ(ํŒจํ‚ค ์ง€, ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ, ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ). โ‘ข ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ: CI ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฐํฌ. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”, ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ. โ‘ฃ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ: ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์€ ์ผ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”„๋กœ๋•์…˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ‘ธ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ. โ‘ค ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์†์  ๋ฐฐํฌ: ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„œ๋น„์Šค. โ‘ฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง: ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ ์ธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ. MLOps Level 2 : CI/CD pipeline automation
  • 64. 63 ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020 โ€ข ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ํ•˜์ด ํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •, ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ฐ ์•„ ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ โ€ข ์žฌํ•™์Šต ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€ข ๋‹จ์ผ ์žฅ์น˜, ์˜จ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์Šค, ์—์ง€, ์„œ๋ฒ„, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ ๋””๋งจ๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์šด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—”๋“œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•์žฅ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ. โ€ข ์•™์ƒ๋ธ”, ํ•˜์ดํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ MLOps ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
  • 65. 64 ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ œ๊ณต โ€ข ํŠน์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์šด์˜ ์—”๋“œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋ฐ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์ง€์ • ๋ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ, ํ•˜์ดํผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€ข ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ MLOps ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•จ Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 66. 65 ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์š”์ฒญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ •ํ™•๋„, ์žฌํ˜„์œจ, F1 ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ธก์ •. โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •, ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ โ€ข ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฒ„์ „ ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ โ€ข ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” "๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ" ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” "๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ" โ€ข ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์Šค, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ, ์šด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จ Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 67. 66 ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ MLOps ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์ œ๊ณต โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ œ์–ด, ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ•™์Šต, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์„ธํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ก โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์ธก์ • ๋กœ๊น… โ€ข ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋‚ด์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „ ์‚ฌ์šฉ โ€ข ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ก โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ก โ€ข ์šด์˜, ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™, LOB (Line of Business), ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŽธํ–ฅ ์ธก์ • ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 68. 67 MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ€ข ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก โ€ข ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช… โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ โ€ข ์ „์ด ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€ข ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 69. 68 ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ MLOps ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์š”์†Œ โ€ข ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ์ œ์–ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ โ€ข ๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ • ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€ข ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ โ€ข ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ  โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‚ญ์ œ(Sanitization) โ€ข ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ต๋ช…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€ข API ๋ฐ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 70. 69 Machine Learning Model Development Machine Learning Model Operationalization Management(MLOps) Model Dev. Data Prep Model Training Model Evaluation Model Packaging Model Discovery Model Security Model Monitoring Model Transparency Model Governance Model Versioning ML DEV ML OPS Components of ML Development and Ops ML Model Operationalization Management ์ดํ•ด Core Components of ML Model Operationalization Management Solutions Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020
  • 71. 70 ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ - ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค Model Lifecycle Management Model development processes & artifacts Output models Training Data Sets Test Data Sets Validation Data Sets Hyperpara- meters settings Validation Outputs Ensemble models Other key artifacts Re-training pipelines Model deployment Version control (all model assets) configuration, settings management ensemble hyperpara meter Model Versioning & Iteration Model Monitoring - Dashboard Measure management Visibility Drift measurement Metrics Model Governance Auditability Model provenance & auditing Documents Training Testing Deployment Audit trail Recording artifacts Metadata Logging Training, test, validation sets used Accuracy measurements Version history & model version usage Model bias measure monitoring Customizable views of data Operat- ions Data science Model development LOB Auditing Compli- ance Data enginee- ring Other roles Model Discovery(catalogs/registries/marketplaces) Curated Listings of available models Narrative descriptions of models Access control & cost mechanisms for model usage Visibility into model versions Ability to segment lists Potential for transfer learning & model extension Model Security Access control mechanisms Auditing of model use & access Protection of models, training data, settings Vulnerability analyses Reporting on significant changes to data Sanitization of data inputs Enforcing data privacy API & access monitoring Model Model development Model latency Performan ce time Quantity of requests Prediction errors Accuracy Performance measure F1 Other artifacts Data(sent to model) How model used Model Drift Data Drift across slices user cohorts Operational enviornments Other segments Training data sets Hyperparameter settings Output models Control Model Access authorization security category User access level Other factors Cognilytica Research, ML Model Management & Operations (โ€œMLOpsโ€) 2020- Managing the Machine Learning Model Lifecycle, February 28, 2020