History of European Union, symbols, motto, institutions, euro...

2. Europe Day is a celebration that takes place every
May 9th in the European Union, named in memory
of the Schuman Declaration. The French foreign
minister, Robert Schuman, took the first step
towards the integration of European states
proposing that coal and steel from Germany (then
West Germany) and France (and other countries to
adhere) to submit to a joint administration,
promoting the creation of the first European
Community: the coal and steel, being hence the
origin of the current European Union.
The importance of this proposal made in 1950, five years after the
surrender of the Nazi regime and to a Europe devastated by World War
II, is that in addition to submitting the two indispensable productions of
the arms industry to a single authority, countries participating in this
organization would find great difficulty in case you want to start a war
between them.

3. The commemoration of this date has been
taking place since 1985, after the approval
by the Heads of State and Government at
the European Council. Despite being the
only official day of celebration in the
European Union, it is considered a business
day and celebrations organized by Member
States do not usually equate to those
performed on the occasion of national
holidays in each state. So while nationally
this holiday is not usually find much echo, it
is common to see the education sector and
some organizations perform specific
activities to commemorate the day.

4. Robert Schuman, French Foreign Minister, made
the statement that bears his name on May 9th,
1950. It proposed the creation of a European Coal
and Steel whose members would share the
production of coal and steel.
CECA (originally formed by France, West Germany,
Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg)
was the first of a series of supranational institutions
that would become what is now the European
Union.
Historical Context
In 1950, five years after the end of World War I, European nations were still
struggling to overcome its ravages.
European governments, determined that the war between France and
Germany, historic rivals, would be "not only unthinkable, but materially
impossible “ due to the pooling of coal and steel production.

5. It was thought, rightly, that the fusion of economic
interests help to raise the standard of living and will
be the first step towards a united Europe. Joining the
ECSC was open to other countries.
Key quotes:
"World peace can not be safeguarded without the
making of creative efforts proportionate to the
dangers which threaten it.“
"Europe will not be made all at once or according to a​​
set: it will be built through concrete achievements
which first create a de facto solidarity."
"The pooling of the coal and steel (...) change the
destinies of those regions which have long been
devoted to the manufacture of weapons, which they
themselves have been the first victims."
Watch Fair (Salon de l'Horloge);
his back to the fireplace Schuman
gave the speech.

6. There have been many people who have
participated in the construction of the European
Communities, first, and the European Union (EU)
then call from the Schuman Declaration of 1950.
Lots of these people have played a prominent role
in the life of their own countries of origin, role
may be even more significant than that
represented within the Union. Although
commonly known as "Fathers of Europe"
Adenauer, Monnet, Schuman and De Gasperi, the
European Commission (EC) officially considered as
such as Konrad Adenauer, Jean Monnet, Winston
Churchill, Robert Schuman, Alcide de Gasperi,
Paul-Henri Spaak , Walter Hallstein and Spinelli.
Robert Schuman
Jean Monnet Konrad Adenauer
Winston Churchill

7. Konrad Adenauer (1876 - 1967) was the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of
Germany (FRG ) from 1949 to 1963 maintained a policy to incorporate West Germany
after World War II , fully the Western bloc , ensuring reconciliation, Germany with
France and the other Allied powers . From the beginning welcomed positively what
Robert Schuman proposed and strongly supported the creation of the European
Communities.
Jean Monnet (1888 - 1979) was the one who conceived the strategy of starting with
the economic integration of Europe , in order to promote material solidarity to
counterbalance national particularities and be the basis for a future political union.
He participated in 1948 in the creation of the Council of Europe in The Hague and in
the development of the Schuman (1950 ) Declaration. From 1952 to 1955 he was the
first president of the ECSC and emerged , which is the embryo of the subsequent
European Economic Community. Therefore, the European Council Jean Monnet gave
the title of " Honorary Citizen of Europe " in 1976 and was awarded the Robert
Schuman Prize for his services to the cause of Europe.
Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) , was a politician and British statesman known for
his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. It is considered
one of the great wartime leaders and served as Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom in two periods ( 1940-1945 and 1951-1955 ) .

8. Robert Schuman (1886 - 1963) was a French politician of Germany- from Luxembourg
originally. It is considered one of the "fathers of Europe" in reference to its decisive role in
creating the Europeans. As Communities founding member of the Popular Republican
Movement (MRP ), was one of the main leaders of the French Fourth Republic , being
Minister of Finance , Chairman of France, Foreign Minister and Minister of Justice. He also
served as Member of the Moselle between 1919 and 1962 , with a break between 1942
and 1946.
His tenure as Foreign Minister (1948-1952) , led him to become the leading French
negotiator of the treaties between the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold
War (Council of Europe , NATO, ECSC, etc. . ). In addition , it was he who first proposed
the May 9th, 1950 , a project of European integration, which would create the European
Coal and Steel Community. It was also the first former president of the European
Parliamentary Assembly (1958-1960) , the current European Parliament.

9. Alcide de Gasperi (1881 - 1954) ran Italy between 1945 and 1953 eight successive
governments. He was also foreign minister. He got Italy to accede to the European
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and he actively supported the project of the
European Defense Community. Shortly before his death, became the first president of
the Parliamentary Assembly of the ECSC.
Paul-Henri Spaak (1899 - 1972), Belgian politician, one of the initiators of the customs
union of Belgium with the Netherlands and Luxembourg, which would result in the
Benelux.
Walter Hallstein (1901 - 1982), was a German politician and the first president of the
European Commission.
Spinelli (1901 - 1982) was an Italian politician, staunch advocate of European
federalism. His most important role was held as an advocate of the integration
process happened during the decades following World War II.

10. The single institutional framework of the European
Union (EU) is the concrete expression of the principle
of the uniqueness of this international organization.
Institutional organization is made up of institutions
and bodies to which the Member States confer
competences to the exercise by Community their
powers and sovereignty. It seeks certain institutional
decisions and actions come from supranational bodies
which will apply in all Member States and disavowing
national bodies in each country.

17. The European flag is a symbol of not
only the EU but also of European
unity and identity in a wider sense.
The European flag consists of 12
yellow stars arranged in a circle on a
blue background. The stars symbolize
the ideals of unity, solidarity and
harmony between the people of
Europe.
The number of stars has nothing to do
with the number of EU countries,
although the circle itself is a symbol
of unity.
It was designed by Arsène Heitz, a painter in Strasbourg, with the
stated purpose of which was used by as many organizations as
possible, thereby facilitating the integration of Europe.

18. The euro is the official currency of the
European Union since January 1st, 1999. In
the euro zone also circulates eleven other
European countries, both official and non-
agreed form.
It entered into service progressively from
January 1st, 2002, replacing the old
national currencies of the countries that
now use it.
The euro is used every day by some 332
million Europeans. It is the most tangible
cooperation between the EU test. Its
advantages are obvious for anyone
traveling abroad or shopping online at
websites Sites

19. The melody symbolizing the EU comes
from the Ninth Symphony and was
composed by Beethoven in 1823. He
decided to put music to the poem "Ode to
Joy" written by Schiller in 1785.
The hymn symbolizes not only the
European Union but also to Europe in a
wider sense. The poem "Ode to Joy"
expresses Schiller's idealistic vision of
brotherhood among human beings, a
vision Beethoven shared.
In 1972, the Council of Europe became the theme of "Ode to Joy" from
Beethoven in his hymn. In 1985, it was adopted by EU leaders as the official
hymn of the European Union. Without words, in the universal language of
music, this hymn is an expression of European ideals of freedom, peace and
solidarity.
The European hymn is not intended to replace the national hymns of the
countries of the EU, but rather to celebrate the values they all share.​​

20. "United in diversity", the motto of the European Union, first used in 2000.
It refers to the way in which Europeans have united, forming the EU to work
for peace and prosperity, while benefiting from the great diversity of
cultures, traditions and languages of the continent.​​

21. The EU itself does not issue passports, but the passports
issued by its 28 member states share certain design
characteristics .
The passports of the member states are burgundy, with
the shield of the Member State of the European Union
at the center of the front cover of the passport. The
words "Passport" and "European Union" ("European
Community" up to 1997), in the official language of the
country, are registered under the shield, next to the
country name. Since 2009 these passports are biometric
and have the biometric symbol at the bottom.

23. All information contained herein was obtained through the web,
links to pages used are:
1.- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Día_de_Europa
2.- http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/symbols/europe-
day/schuman-declaration/index_es.htm
3.-
http://europa.eu/abouteu/basicinformation/symbols/motto/index_es.htm
4.- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_de_Europa
5.- http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/symbols/index_es.htm
6.- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaportes_de_la_Unión_Europea
7.- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituciones_de_la_Unión_Europea
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