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- 1. Caregiving Styles Mary A Corcoran PhD, OT/L Professor and Associate Dean George Washington University
- 2. Why Study Caregiving Styles? “If you’ve seen one caregiver, you’ve seen one caregiver”
- 3. The Caregiving Style Studies Spouses (68) 5 years National Institute on Aging Adult children (33) 1 year Virginia Commonwealth, ARDRAF
- 4. Mixed Methods Design • QUAL-quant • Grounded theory Focusing on qualitative analysis today
- 5. Data • Qualitative • Long interview (250+ total hours) • Videotapes (33+ total hours) • Quantitative • Sociodemographics • Measures of well-being
- 6. Qualitative Analytic Approach Three iterative tasks Coding Describe what is going on Categories Identify larger “parts” Theme Develop a theory of caregiving style
- 7. Getting from Codes to Categories Coding – unlinked descriptions of data Categories – arrange codes as hierarchies Hierarchies of what?
- 8. Beliefs Meanings Actions Style
- 9. Categories: Elements of Style Beliefs What is …? Meanings The role signifies …? Actions Caregiving gets done by …?
- 11. Action: Taking Care of Self Looking at data as a whole, caregivers take care of self by Reducing demands of role Doing something important Getting healthy Staying connected
- 12. Taking Care of Self No Has strategies strategies Does not Does not Meets meet meet needs needs needs
- 13. Three groups Compare and contrast through axial coding Causes Consequences Context Conditions
- 14. Example: Exercise and Conditions No exercise CR not Help OK alone CR OK Exercise alone
- 16. Four Caregiving Styles Facilitating Directing Balancing Advocating
- 17. Caregiver Priorities Facilitating Directing Emotional Physical health, health of identity of CR CR Balancing Advocating Maintaining Managing the status others to quo support CR
- 18. Caregiver Strategies Facilitating Directing Anything that Verbal involves self Balancing Environmental Advocating controls, Vigilance and supervision, advocacy repetitive activities
- 19. Caregiver Interactions Directing Facilitating Limited or Cooperative none Advocating Balancing Range with Parallel purpose of assessment
- 20. Caregiver Needs Facilitating Directing Recognizes Recognizes but needs doesn’t limited to address work own needs Balancing Advocating Has help Has help and meets and meets own needs own needs
- 21. Caregiver Emotions Facilitating Directing Worries Frustrated about ability and to provide stressed best care Balancing Advocating Generally Generally satisfied satisfied with care with care provision provision
- 22. Conclusion • Caregivers may - demonstrate a mix of styles - change over time; circumstances • Understanding priorities of caregiver regarding self and care recipient is key
- 23. Caveats • Styles are a guide, not a prescription • Theory - Requires further testing
- 24. Reference Corcoran, M.A. (2011). Caregiving Styles: A Cognitive and Behavioral Typology Associated With Dementia Family Caregiving. The Gerontologist 51, 4, 463-472. doi:10.1093/geront/gnr002
Notas del editor
- Using an inductive reasoning process, I wanted to develop a theory about caregiving style that was grounded in the data
- End goal is theory of style. What is a style? What are the essential ingredients for something to be a style? Pattern over time, but what else? Used the literature to define style = essential elements. Used these elements as a hierarchy for codes.
- If I looked at my participants as individuals (rather than clumping the data together as a whole) I saw there were three possible conditions. BTW, looking at things individually rather than as a block of data is part of what researchers mean when they say they are considering the context (contextualizing, placing in context).How did the cg talk about taking care of themselves? I asked specifically what they did to recharge their batteries and some had strategies and some didn’t …BTW, if I had not asked the batteries question, what would have been the effect on the trustworthiness of my analysis?
- Facilitative - Seeks to maintain identity of CR (i.e., clothing, former roles)Self-image tied to “good caregiving”Directive-Priority is physical health of CRElaborate regimes of medication, nutrition, or use of supplementsAppearances important (keeps house clean, worries about being embarrassed)
- Facilitating- also tries to keep care recipient active