Hydrogen has the potential to be a clean fuel for powering vehicles. It can be stored on vehicles as compressed gas or liquid. Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen to power electric motors, with water as the only emission. Challenges include lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and high costs, but governments are working to build hydrogen highways. Hydrogen may help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and curb emissions if these challenges can be addressed.

1. HYDROGEN POWERED CARS
A FUEL FOR TODAY AND TOMORROW
DARSHAN M S
1SG12ME018
VIII SEM
Mechanical Engineering

2. CONTENTS:-
• What is hydrogen?
• What is a Hydrogen fuel cells?
• Working of a Hydrogen fuel cell.
• Problem regarding Hydrogen fuel cells.
• Hydrogen safety.
• Hydrogen storage.
• Advantages and Disadvantages.

3. What is Hydrogen?
 Element 1 on the Periodic Table - 1 proton, 1 electron
 Diatomic molecule (H2) - 2 protons, 2 electrons
 Highest energy content of common fuels on a WEIGHT basis
 Lowest energy content of common fuels on a VOLUME basis
 Elemental hydrogen is abundant on earth, but usually bound to carbon or
oxygen
 Abundant throughout the universe (stars are primarily hydrogen)

4. BASIC HISTORY OF HYDROGEN
 1820s – Rev. W. Cecil developed hydrogen-fueled engine.
 1876 – Nicolaus Otto invented four-cylinder engine;
 1885 – Gottleib Daimler invented modern ICE
 1920s – first testing of the hydrogen ICE
 Rudolf Erren used hydrogen ICEs in submarines and land
vehicles

5. HIGH EFFICIENCY
& RELIABILITY
ZERO/NEAR ZERO
EMISSIONS
.
Transportation
Distributed
Generation
WHY HYDROGEN ?
It’s abundant, clean, efficient, and can be derived
from diverse domestic resources.
Biomass
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Coal
Nuclear
Natural
Gas
Oil
WithCarbonSequestration

6. HYDROGEN SOURCES

7. • Steam Electrolysis .
• Split water with heat, pressure, and electricity
• Thermochemical.
• Split water with chemicals and heat
• Photoelectrochemical.
• Split water using sunlight directly, or using chemicals
and heat
• Biological.
• Split water using organisms
OTHER WAYS TO LIBERATE HYDROGEN

8. What is a hydrogen fuel cell?
•Hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) are a type of
electrochemical cell.
•HFCs generate electricity by reduction
and oxidation reactions within the cell.
•They use three main components, a
fuel, an oxidant and an electrolyte.
•HFCs operate like batteries, although
they require external fuel.
•HFCs are a thermodynamically open
system.
•HFCs use hydrogen as a fuel, oxygen as
an oxidant, a proton exchange
membrane as an electrolyte, and emit
only water as waste.

9. How a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Works

10. Chemistry behind the technology
Oxidation
At the anode of the cell, a
catalyst (platinum powder)
is used to separate the
proton from the electron in
the hydrogen fuel.
Anode half-reaction:
2H2  4H+ + 4e-
Eo = 0.00V
Reduction
At the cathode of the cell, a
second catalyst (nickel) is used to
recombine the protons,
electrons, and oxygen atoms to
form water.
Cathode half- reaction:
4H+ + O2 + 4e-  2H2O
Eo = 0.68V
In electrochemistry, the Eo
cell value (energy) of a fuel cell is equal to the Eo of
the cathode half-reaction minus the Eo of the anode half-reaction. For a
hydrogen fuel cell, the two half reactions are shown above. So to calculate the
energy of one fuel cell, we need to subtract the anode energy from the
cathode energy. For a HFC, the Eo
cell = 0.68V – 0.00V which equals 0.68V

11. HYDRGEN CHASSIS OF THE FUTURE

12. STEPSFOLLOWEDTODESIGNHFCcars.

14. Problems regarding Hydrogen fuel cells
•Lack of hydrogen infrastructure.
•Need for refueling stations.
•Lack of consumer distribution system.
•Cost of hydrogen fuel cells.
•2009 Department of Energy estimated $61/kw
•Honda FCX Clarity costs about half a million dollars to make.

15. Fuel leak simulation
Hydrogen on left
Gasoline on right
Equivalent energy release
Hydrogen Safety

16. HYDROGEN STORAGE
 Compressed gas storage
 Liquid storage(cryogenic
storage)
 Line pack system
 Under ground storage
 Storage as metal hydride

17. THE HYDROGEN HIGHWAY
1. World’s first hydrogen refueling station opened in Iceland in
2003.
2. California & Florida have both approved funding.
3.In Norway, more number of partial fuel stations were placed .

18. ADVANTAGES
1. It is readily available.
2. It doesn’t produce harmful emissions.
3. It is environmentally friendly.
4. It can be used as fuel in rockets.
5. It is fuel efficient.
6. It is renewable.

19. DISADVANTAGES
1. It is expensive .
2. It is difficult to store.
3. It is not easy to replace exiting infrastructure.
4. It is highly flammable.
5. Dependency of fossil fuels.

20. These are the designed cars for HFC- vehicals by various companies
Mercedes-benzroadster Mercedes-benz F-cell
Honda FCX Clarity
Toyota Mirai
BMW i8 Green GT LMP H2

21. As estimation of use of crude oil state that the fossil fuel will
extinct till 2100 .
At present , In a setback for the government’s grand plan
to cut down the current account deficit (CAD), through
containing the outflow of dollars and saving around $8.47
billion on crude oil imports from Iran, the Persian Gulf
country has turned down India’s request for accepting full
rupee payment for oil imports.
Why India Should Think About Hydrogen

23. CONCLUSION
• Hydrogen fuel cells will dramatically
change our cars, and also homes,
businesses are powered and heated, and
it both positively and negatively change.
.places like the Middle East and third
world countries. They will also clean up
the world’s air.