Dean r berry pro and con e cigs

The Use of E-Cigarettes:
Analyzing Author’s Arguments
Pro and Con Arguments
Hi Lexile Level Text

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Pro and Con Arguments
High Level of Text Complexity
A Common Core Curriculum Lesson
High School Level
By
Dean Berry, Ed. D.
Gregg Berry, B. A.

Using Your Reading Skills for
Deeper Levels of Comprehension
Let’s take a look at some
strategies that may help us read
and understand the meaning and
reliability of different kinds of
informational sources.

Are the Arguments Valid?
• Closer reading means that we are examining
exactly what the text says as well as how the
author communicates his/her ideas.
• When reading argumentative text, our primary
concern is to determine the validity of arguments
and whether or not they are adequately supported
by evidence.

The evidence must be in the text!

Should We Believe What the Author Says?
Once we know that the author’s purpose is to persuade us
that his/her ideas are correct, we need to examine the
author’s claims and supporting arguments. This requires
the careful evaluation of the quality of the facts and
examples that are directly related to each argument and
claim.

Effective close reading requires
that we ask well thought out
text dependent questions.
Smart Readers Ask the
Right Questions!

Think about this question.
1. What is the author’s
purpose in writing this
selection? How do you
know?

•2. What is the message or main
point that the author is trying to
present in the text? What in the text
led you to that conclusion?

3. Do you have any reason to
question the reliability of the
author’s supporting evidence?
Explain why you believe that the
evidence presented by the author
is weak or strong?

The Dirty truth About E-cigs
3 min
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiUXXx6kPbk

Why You Should Stop Vaping
3 min
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6a0eFtMw-o

Harmful Side Effect of Vaping
7 min Great Information
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5_pGf7D39E

As we read the following article, we will
attempt to identify and explain the following.
1. Identify powerful words that evoke feelings or images
and discuss how they are used to forward the author’s
purpose.
2. Discuss how the author uses special words or phrases
to set a tone or convey an attitude. What tone is being
set? List several specific examples from the text.
3. Has the author used any words, phrases, or sentence
structures to create a particular effect or convey a
meaning? Explain and give examples from the text.

•PRO: The FDA should do its job; 16
million U.S. kids are inhaling dangerous
substances.
• In 2014, the Oxford English Dictionary’s (OED) word of
the year was “vape.” The Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) should take a hint from the OED and write its own
definition of e-cigarettes — a definition that will treat
them as a tobacco product.

• Congress created the FDA in 1906 amid concern over
the quality and purity of America’s food and drug supply,
which was awash in toxic dyes and preservatives, and
shaped by the outrageous claims of the era’s “patent
medicines.”
• The agency’s creation reflected a belief that consumers
could not, on their own, always make determinations
about product safety, reliability, and health.

• In short, the FDA was made to regulate products just like
e-cigarettes.
• E-cigarettes have created a market that abounds in
unproven health claims; a market in which more than
16 million children can legally buy e-cigs and
administer unspecified amounts of nicotine to
themselves; a market in which the accidental
ingestion of liquid nicotine has caused a huge uptick
in the number of cases reported to local poison
control centers — including the death of a toddler in
upstate New York two months ago.

• And it is a market that is booming. Last year, analysts at
Wells Fargo estimated the overall value of the e-
cigarette market at $2.5 billion and predicted growth to
$10 billion annually by 2017.
• Market growth can be attributed in part to aggressive
marketing, and in part to high adoption rates among high
school students attracted to the variety of e-cig flavors,
including cotton candy, gummy bear and root beer float.
• The FDA is the only agency that can regulate — not ban
— this nicotine-fueled juggernaut. The FDA should
prohibit sales and marketing to kids, make sure that
health claims made by e-cig companies are true, and
require companies to add ingredient lists to e-cig juice.

• This “juice” — a misleadingly benign euphemism for
a flavored nicotine solution — is heated through a
battery-powered cylinder, which can look like a
cigarette, a pen or a kazoo.
• The devices vaporize a flavored nicotine solution
that users then inhale and exhale. Users inhale this
flavored vapor and not combusted tobacco, which
means e-cigs are safer relative to cigarettes.

But, then again, cigarettes are, in the words of
historian Robert Proctor, the deadliest invention in
human history, killing 6 million people per year.
And herein lies the potential virtue of the e-
cigarette: it could be a powerful tool for saving
millions of lives if smokers switched from puffing to
vaping to, ideally, nothing. As a cessation tool, e-
cigarettes could have the same relationship to
cigarettes as methadone does to heroin.

The problem is that the safety and health claims of
e-cigarettes have not been proven. Particularly in
the online vaping community, anecdotes abound
testifying to the e-cig’s utility in helping folks kick
the habit. But in the words of Mitch Zeller, head of
the FDA’s Tobacco Products Division, “FDA can’t
make regulatory policy on the basis of anecdotal
evidence.”
Preliminary evidence from a major longitudinal
cohort study should give regulators pause. Initial
findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco
and Health indicate high levels of “dual use” of
tobacco products, meaning that smokers frequently
use both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.

These findings are consistent with other studies
that have found that contrary to being cessation
aids, e-cigarettes may actually make it harder for
smokers to quit.
Nevertheless, e-cigarettes are frequently advertised
as proven tools of public health. Researchers at the
University of California-San Francisco found that 95
percent of e-cig websites made “explicit or implicit
health-related claims,” and 64 percent made claims
directly-related to smoking cessation.

This is false advertising. Nicotine is addictive and it
is a poison — two facts that the FDA should make
explicit by requiring warning labels on e-cigarette
devices and vials of e-juices. Dermal contact with
even small quantities of liquid nicotine can cause
dizziness, vomiting and seizures. Ingestion can be
deadly.
A world in which a dangerous product is marketed
and sold as a healthy one is exactly what the FDA
exists to prevent.
E-cigarettes are not snake oil. But gummy bear,
cotton candy and sour apple shouldn’t make them go
down any easier.

• ABOUT THE WRITER: Sarah Milov is an assistant
professor of history at the University of Virginia. She
currently is writing a book about tobacco in the 20th
century. Readers may write her at 435 Nau Hall South
Lawn, Charlottesville, VA 22904.
• This essay is available to Tribune News Service
subscribers. Tribune did not subsidize the writing of this
column; the opinions are those of the writer and do not
necessarily represent the views of Tribune or its editors.

Verbalize Your Summary
Using several sentences, turn
to another student and tell
them the main point of the
article.

Let’s Talk
•How might you summarize the
article you just read?
•What was the author’s main point
in writing the article?

Quick Write
How might you summarize the
article you just read? Use a
couple of sentences to write a
summary of the article.

• PRO/CON: Should the FDA Butt-in and
Regulate E-Cigs as a Tobacco Product?
• By Sarah Milov and Amy Ridenour, Tribune
News Service
•
• 03.30.15
•

CON: If Bureaucratic Buttinskies Back
Off, E-Cigs Can Help Smokers Quit
On Jan. 11, 1964, the Surgeon General’s Advisory
Committee on Smoking and Health released its
very first report on tobacco smoking.

Based on scientific evidence consisting
of over 7,000 articles relating to
smoking and disease, the report cited
tobacco smoking as a major cause of
lung and laryngeal cancer and chronic
bronchitis.

The report launched a “war on smoking” that soon
required health warnings on cigarette packages and
bans on broadcast cigarette commercials, and by
recent years had led to bans on smoking in certain
areas, with numerous laws and regulations in
between.
Over this half-century of cigarette regulation, two
facts have been impressed upon the nation: 1)
smoking tobacco kills people; 2) once a person is
addicted to smoking cigarettes, or, rather, to the
nicotine one ingests by smoking cigarettes, it is very
hard for a person to quit.

So when an invention came along — e-cigarettes — that
supply nicotine in much the same way as a tobacco
cigarette, but without any apparent link to cancer or lung
disease, there were many cheers.
Finally there was a product that could help those who were
addicted and for whom the available anti-smoking aids had
not been of sufficient help.
Lives could be saved. People could replace their tobacco
cigarettes with e-cigarettes; switch out smoke and
carcinogens with water vapor and the horrible smell with
no smell at all — or the light scent of a chosen flavor, such
as mint or strawberry.

Lives could be saved.
One would expect the response of the public health
community to be a near-universal “hurrah” — and in
some quarters, it has been.
But for those who appear to be addicted to regulation,
and not to public health, e-cigarettes provide an
unwelcome challenge.
How do they go about banning access to a product
that saves lives? And what do they say when people,
quite reasonably, ask, “Why do you want to?”

• For many of these regulators, the answer is as “what if.”
“What if” vaping — inhaling water vapor through an e-
cigarette — turns out to be harmful? “What if” people who
vape decide to start smoking, because they first vaped?
• It is on the basis of these “what ifs” — however unlikely —
that some support bans on the sale of e-cigarettes, or
grossly high taxes on e-cigarettes, or outright bans on the
use of e-cigarettes in public.
• But such policies mean nicotine addicts will be less likely
to use e-cigarettes, and relatively more likely to keep
smoking tobacco. The obvious and predictable result is
relatively more tobacco smoking and thus, more illness
and death.

The director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco
Products, Mitch Zeller, made the key point
clear in an interview with the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation’s New Public Health:
“People are smoking for the nicotine, but
dying from the tar.”
He says e-cigarette regulation should take
into account the “continuum of risk: that
there are different nicotine-containing and
nicotine-delivering products that pose
different levels of risk to the individual,” and
regulate accordingly.

Which means America should not treat e-cigarettes and
vaping just like tobacco smoking and smoking, because
smoking is far more dangerous than vaping.
In fact, because vaping can cause people to voluntarily
stop smoking, a carefully crafted regulatory policy that
steers Americans from smoking toward vaping as a
replacement provides “an extraordinary public health
opportunity.”

Zeller makes a lot of sense. By contrast, regulation
zealots, such as those in Michigan who in January
lobbied against a state-level bill banning the sale of
e-cigarettes to minors because it did not treat e-
cigarettes the same as the far, far more dangerous
tobacco cigarettes, are an enemy of public health.
Smoking kills. Vaping is a safer alternative, and our
nation’s regulatory policy will save lives if it reflects
this fact.

ABOUT THE WRITER: Amy Ridenour is chairman of the
National Center for Public Policy Research in
Washington, DC. (www.nationalcenter.org), a
conservative think-tank on Capitol Hill. She can be
reached at 501 Capitol Court NE, Washington, DC 20002
or by email at aridenour@nationalcenter.org. , a
conservative think tank on Capitol Hill. She can be
reached at 501 Capitol Court NE, Washington, DC 20002
or by email at aridenour@nationalcenter.org.
This essay is available to Tribune News Service
subscribers. Tribune did not subsidize the writing of this
column; the opinions are those of the writer and do not
necessarily represent the views of Tribune or its editors.
Reread This Article

1. What is the author’s purpose in
writing this selection? How do
you know?
Read This Article Again

Prepare to Write an Argumentative Essay
As you read this article again, take careful
notes on the main points. You will be writing
an essay that presents both the pro and con
positions on the use of E-cigarettes.

Discuss
What is the author’s Purpose?

Discuss and Write
As you read this article, write several examples
from the text of words or phrases that add extra
power and emotion to the author’s argument.
• Select powerful words that evoke feelings or images
and discuss how they are used to forward the author’s
purpose. On your own paper, give a few examples of
the special words the author uses to evoke feelings and
sway the reader. Explain why you think the author
chose each of these words.

• This is false advertising. Nicotine is addictive and it is
a poison — two facts that the FDA should make explicit
by requiring warning labels on e-cigarette devices and
vials of e-juices. Dermal contact with even small
quantities of liquid nicotine can cause dizziness,
vomiting and seizures. Ingestion can be deadly.
• A world in which a dangerous product is marketed and
sold as a healthy one is exactly what the FDA exists to
prevent.
• E-cigarettes are not snake oil. But gummy bear, cotton
candy and sour apple shouldn’t make them go down
any easier.

• These findings are consistent with other studies
that have found that contrary to being cessation
aids, e-cigarettes may actually make it harder for
smokers to quit.
• Nevertheless, e-cigarettes are frequently
advertised as proven tools of public health.
Researchers at the University of California-San
Francisco found that 95 percent of e-cig websites
made “explicit or implicit health-related claims,”
and 64 percent made claims directly-related to
smoking cessation.

• PRO/CON: Should the FDA Butt in and
Regulate E-Cigs as a Tobacco Product?
• By Sarah Milov and Amy Ridenour, Tribune
News Service
•
• 03.30.15
•

• CON: If Bureaucratic Buttinskies Back Off, E-Cigs Can
Help Smokers Quit
• On Jan. 11, 1964, the Surgeon General’s Advisory
Committee on Smoking and Health released its very first
report on tobacco smoking.
• Based on scientific evidence consisting of over 7,000
articles relating to smoking and disease, the report cited
tobacco smoking as a major cause of lung and laryngeal
cancer and chronic bronchitis.

• The report launched a “war on smoking” that soon
required health warnings on cigarette packages
and bans on broadcast cigarette commercials, and
by recent years had led to bans on smoking in
certain areas, with numerous laws and regulations
in between.
• Over this half-century of cigarette regulation, two
facts have been impressed upon the nation: 1)
smoking tobacco kills people; 2) once a person is
addicted to smoking cigarettes, or, rather, to the
nicotine one ingests by smoking cigarettes, it is
very hard for a person to quit.

• So when an invention came along — e-cigarettes — that
supply nicotine in much the same way as a tobacco
cigarette, but without any apparent link to cancer or lung
disease, there were many cheers.
• Finally there was a product that could help those who
were addicted and for whom the available anti-smoking
aids had not been of sufficient help.
• Lives could be saved. People could replace their tobacco
cigarettes with e-cigarettes; switch out smoke and
carcinogens with water vapor and the horrible smell with
no smell at all — or the light scent of a chosen flavor, such
as mint or strawberry.

• Lives could be saved.
• One would expect the response of the public health
community to be a near-universal “hurrah” — and in
some quarters, it has been.
• But for those who appear to be addicted to regulation,
and not to public health, e-cigarettes provide an
unwelcome challenge.
• How do they go about banning access to a product that
saves lives? And what do they say when people, quite
reasonably, ask, “Why do you want to?”

Discuss
• Which words or phrases did the author use to add
intensity and power to the argument?
• Give some examples and explain why you think the
author chose these words.

• The director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco
Products, Mitch Zeller, made the key point clear in
an interview with the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation’s New Public Health: “People are
smoking for the nicotine, but dying from the tar.”
• He says e-cigarette regulation should take into
account the “continuum of risk: that there are
different nicotine-containing and nicotine-delivering
products that pose different levels of risk to the
individual,” and regulate accordingly.

• Which means America should not treat e-cigarettes and
vaping just like tobacco smoking and smoking, because
smoking is far more dangerous than vaping.
• In fact, because vaping can cause people to voluntarily
stop smoking, a carefully crafted regulatory policy that
steers Americans from smoking toward vaping as a
replacement provides “an extraordinary public health
opportunity.”

• Zeller makes a lot of sense. By contrast, regulation
zealots, such as those in Michigan who in January
lobbied against a state-level bill banning the sale of
e-cigarettes to minors because it did not treat e-
cigarettes the same as the far, far more dangerous
tobacco cigarettes, are an enemy of public health.
• Smoking kills. Vaping is a safer alternative, and our
nation’s regulatory policy will save lives if it
reflects this fact.

Evaluating Pro and Con Arguments
for an Issue
Prepare to Write an
Argumentative Essay

Converse with Your Peers
Meet in small groups to discuss the
pros and cons of this issue and take a
group position on the problem. Select a
group chairperson to lead the group and
report back to the class.
Discuss the following essential Questions.

Questions to Guide our Exploration
Discuss the Following Issues
• 1. What does the research data say about the
issue?
• 2. How do you know the research is reliable?
• 3. Are the arguments supported by logical
reasoning?
• 4. Is each argument supported by specific facts
and examples?
• 5. Which side of the issue is supported by a
preponderance of the evidence?

Research and Statistics
• Compare the research and statistics for
both the pro and con positions
• Discuss which position presents the
strongest research and most reliable
sources

Are E-cigarettes safe?
Let’s Think About the Issue
• Are E-cigarettes less dangerous to health than
regular cigarettes?
• Will E-cigarettes help a significant number of
people quit smoking and using nicotine?
• Will E-cigarettes introduce large numbers of teens
to using nicotine?

Continue Your Group Deliberations
• Have group members use their notes to
discuss and analyze each major argument and
supporting evidence.
• Each group member should take the leadership
and lead the discussion on one or more of the
pro and con arguments.

Weigh the Evidence
Have your group create a plus and minus chart.
Place the best, most logical arguments for the pro
position on one side and the best arguments against
the pro position on the other side.
Use this process to help your group reach a decision.

Report Back to the Class
Present your findings to the
class. Which side of the issue
does your group support?
Why?

Write an Essay
Organize your ideas and prepare to write an
essay about the pros and cons of using e-
Cigarettes. Evaluate the arguments and
evidence on both sides of the issue. Weigh
the pros and cons and decide which position
is supported by the most persuasive
evidence.

Develop a Writing Plan
•Determine what your main point will be, and write a
topic sentence that provides focus for your essay.
•Choose several main ideas that support your topic
sentence.
•Sort your information into supporting details with
facts and examples.
•Be sure to address both the pro and con positions
77

Use the following
essay format to
write your paper.
78

79
Essay
Outline
Introduction
What is my topic
sentence?
Body-Main Ideas
With supporting
details
Conclusion
How can I summarize
my paragraph?
How can I rephrase
my topic sentence?

Essays Require
Three Main
Sections

Begin Your Essay With
a Carefully Crafted
Introduction

Get the Reader’s Attention and State Your Thesis

The Key Elements of a
Strong Introduction

Check Out This Sample Introduction

Details Must Support
the Main Ideas
Provide specific
facts, examples,
and reasons for
each main idea
in the body of
your essay

Create an Outline
Topic Sentence___________________________________
_______________________________________________
A. Main Idea_____________________________________
_______________________________________________
Details/Evidence__________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
B. Main Idea_____________________________________
_______________________________________________
________________________________________________
86

Prepare to Write
•Use your outline and write
an essay on your topic.
•As you write your rough
draft, it will be very
important to use special
words that enable you to
transition smoothly from
one idea to the next.
87

Transition Words
As you view these words,
select the words that help you
make transitions smoothly
from one idea to the next.
• as a result
• such as
• for example
• nevertheless
• for that reason
• finally
• at this time
• therefore
• furthermore
• in addition
• in conclusion
• as well as
88

Conclusion
Write a conclusion
for your essay
reviewing your main
points and discussing
why this issue is so
important for our
future.

Write a Strong Conclusion for Your Essay

What does a good conclusion do?

Let’s Review a Good Conclusion

Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several
times.
2. How can you improve your
sentences to communicate more
clearly?
3. Are your main ideas supported
by examples and details?
4. Exchange papers with another
student and read each other’s
essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and write
the final draft of your polished
essay. 93

Use Technology to Help You Edit
Go the website www.paperrater.com, and you will
be able copy and paste your rough draft onto an
open field and click on a button to have your essay
analyzed for word choice, grammar, style, and
other writing skills. Re-write your essay and make
the recommended improvements. This is a free
site that is very easy to use.

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