An Introduction to Spatial Data, Spatial Analysis & OSM

1. Spatial Data,
Spatial Analysis &
OSM
Devdatta Tengshe
Datameet, Pune

2. What Will We cover?
● What is Spatial Data?
● How can It be used?
● GIS 101
● Where Do I get it?
● OSM

3. What Is
Spatial Data ?

4. What Is Spatial Data?
● Answers the Question “Where”?
● Any Data that has a spatial
component, i.e. location
○ Address
○ Census Information
○ Land records

5. What Can you
do with
Spatial Data ?

6. Using Spatial Data, you can solve problems with Spatial
Components.
Mostly, you are finding Spatial patterns,
discovering Correlations, querying, filtering &
processing data and performing spatial
modelling

7. Spatial patterns

9. https://github.com/openbangalore/bmtc

10. http://routemaster.hydlab.in/

11. Correlations

12. Percent residents with level 4
qualifications & above
Percent residents employed in
manufacturing
www.geofutures.com/2012/02/spot-hard-data-pattern-add-soft-knowledge/

13. processing data

15. spatial modelling

16. SLEUTH model
www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0322sleuth.html

17. What Do I
Need to
Know?

18. Data Models

20. Raster
raster data model: A representation of the
world as a surface divided into a regular
grid of cells.

21. Vector
vector data model: A representation of the
world using points, lines, and polygons.

22. File Formats
• Shapefile
• GeoJSON
• KML
• TIFF
• Spatial Databases
• & Many More

23. Shapefile
Mandatory files
● .shp — shape format; the feature geometry itself
● .shx — shape index format; a positional index of the
feature geometry to allow seeking forwards and backwards
quickly
● .dbf — attribute format; columnar attributes for each
shape, in dBase IV format
Other files
● .prj — projection format; the coordinate system and
projection information, a plain text file describing the
projection using well-known text format
● .sbn and .sbx — a spatial index of the features
● .shp.xml — geospatial metadata in XML format

24. GeoJSON
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
73.7773346,
18.5108148
]
}
}

25. Spatial Database
• Supported by usual RDBMS like: Oracle,
MS SQL Server, Postgres
• Also supported by Spatialite
• Direct Query via SQL:
Select VILLAGE_NAME, CODE from Village where
ST_Contains(geom, ST_PointFromText("POINT
(73.7773346 18.5108148)"));

26. Applications
v

27. Big Data, GIS &
Business
Analytics

28. Retail & Business

29. Retail & Business

30. Retail & Business

31. Retail & Business

32. Land & Realty

33. Land & Realty

34. Utilities

35. TRANSPORTATION

36. TRANSPORTATION

37. Where Do I
get Spatial
Data From?

38. • You can collect the data directly on the field, via GPS etc
• Or Create it by Digitizing from Satellite Maps
Create It yourself

40. • You will get Data from different sources, and in different formats, such as:
• Tables
• Excel Files
• PDF
• Images
Convert it

41. • Scrape It
• Github: https://github.com/datameet/maps/
• Download it from sites like Geocommons
COPY IT

42. OpenStreetMap

44. OSM Stats
# of users: 22,12,002
# of uploaded GPS points: 48,058,19,177
# of nodes: 29,867,22,183
# of ways: 3,030,45,294
# of relations : 35,87,570

46. OSM Demo

47. OSM Downloads
• http://download.geofabrik.de
• http://extract.bbbike.org/
• http://overpass-turbo.eu/

48. Spatial Data -Indian Context
• How many Districts in India?
• Village Boundaries?
• Pin Codes
• Census Data?
• Others?

49. Questions?