The document provides an overview of the Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. It describes the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance like thriving cities and wealthy patrons. It discusses influential Renaissance artists, writers, and their works. It then covers the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe and key northern Renaissance figures. Finally, it outlines the religious and political forces that sparked the Reformation, Luther's role in challenging the Catholic Church, and the ongoing development and spread of Protestantism.

1. The Renaissance,
1300-1600
Ch 17

2. Italian Renaissance
17.1

3. 17.1 Italy as birthplace
✦ Explain the three conditions in Italy that gave
rise to the Renaissance
✦ Identify the values and ideas prized during the
Renaissance
✦ Describe the artistic break-through and
achievements of Renaissance artists
✦ Summarize influential literary works and
techniques of key Renaissance writers

4. Conditions in Italy
• Thriving cities
✦ Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples, Venice, Genoa,
and Pisa
• Wealthy merchant class
✦ Patrons of the arts
✦ the Medici
• Classical heritage of Greece and Rome
✦ Ruins of Rome
✦ Latin manuscripts from Constantinople, 1453

5. Values and Ideas
Medieval Values Renaissance Values
GOD MAN
Religiousity Secularism
Supernatural Nature or Natural
Faith Reason
Communalism Individualism
Rural Urban
Original Sin Reason & Free Will
Monasticism Civic Participation

6. Artistic achievements

7. Renaissance Literature
✦ Dante
✦ Inferno
✦ Vernacular
✦ Machiavelli
✦ The Prince
✦ Humanism
✦ Classicism

8. Northern Renaissance
17.2

9. 17.2 Northern
Renaissance
✦ Explain the origins and characteristics of the
Northern Renaissance
✦ Trace the impact of the Renaissance on German
and Flemish painters
✦ Profile key northern Renaissance writers
✦ Explain how printing spread Renaissance ideas

10. ✦ England and France, after the 100 Years War,
have strong central governments that sponsor
the arts
✦ War in northern Italy drives artists out of Italy,
north
✦ Northern Renaissance artists are more religious
and more politically active than Italian artists

11. Albrecht
Drurer
Germany

12. Albrecht
Drurer
Germany

13. Hans
Holbein
Flanders

14. Hans
Holbein
Flanders

15. Jan van Eyck

16. Jan van Eyck

17. Pieter Bruegel

18. Pieter Bruegel

19. Northern Renaissance
writers
✦ Erasmus, The Praise of Folly
✦ Thomas More, Utopia
✦ Shakespeare
✦ The Elizabethan Age

20. Gutenberg Revolution
✦ Around 1045, movable-type printing in China
✦ Around 1440, movable-type printing in Germany
✦ Plays its first huge role in the Reformation!

24. Luther Starts the
Reformation
17.3

25. 17.3 Luther Starts the Reformation
✦ Analyze historical forces and religious issues that
sparked the Reformation
✦ Trace Martin Luther’s role in the religious
movement to reform the Catholic Church
✦ Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt
✦ Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to
England during King Henry VIII’s reign

26. Causes of the
Reformation
✦ The spread of Renaissance ideas and claims of
corruption among the clergy undermine the
Catholic Church’s authority
✦ In the 1200s and 1300s, John Wycliffe and John
Huss criticize church practices
✦ In the late 1400s, Savonarola calls for church
reforms

27. Luther Challenges the
Church
✦ Martin Luther protests the sale of indulgences
✦ In 1517, Luther begins the Reformation in
Wittenberg
✦ Luther teaches his views on the path to salvation
and the interpretation of the Bible

28. Martin Luther
(1483-1546) stands in
history as one of those
unique forces, an
individual who by
force of will and by
his ideas changed the
world fundamentally.

29. He doesn’t represent a
break with the past,
but rather a flash-point
Luther saw himself as
a reformer within the
Catholic church
He saw himself as
returning Christianity
to its historical roots

30. In 1521, Luther was summoned by Charles V to
the Diet of Worms to stand trial.

31. When urged to recant his ideas, Luther declared:
"Since your majesty and your lordships desire a simple
reply, I will answer without horns and without teeth.
Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do
not accept the authority of popes and councils for they
have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to
the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything,
for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I
stand, I cannot do otherwise, God help me. Amen."

32. When urged to recant his ideas, Luther declared:
"Since your majesty and your lordships desire a simple
reply, I will answer without horns and without teeth.
Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do
not accept the authority of popes and councils for they
have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to
the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything,
for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I
stand, I cannot do otherwise, God help me. Amen."
Primacy of Conscience

35. The Response to Luther
✦ The pope excommunicates Luther
✦ The Holy Roman emperor declares Luther a
heretic and outlaw
✦ German peasants revolt in 1524
✦ The Holy Roman emperor wages war against the
Protestant princes of Germany
✦ Peace of Augsburg, 1555

36. England Becomes
Protestant
✦ The pope refuses to annul King Henry VIII’s
marriage
✦ Henry asks Parliament to end the pope’s power
in England
✦ Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy in 1534
✦ Clashes over religious reform heighten when
Henry’s heirs take the throne
✦ Elizabeth I returns England to Protestantism

37. English vs German reasons

38. 17.4 The Reformation Continues
✦ Explain John Calvin’s Protestant teachings and
their spread throughout northern and western
Europe
✦ Describe the beliefs of other reformers and the
roles of women in the Reformation
✦ Trace the reforms within the Catholic Church

39. Calvin Begins Another Protestant
Church
✦ John Calvin creates a system of Protestant
theology
✦ Calvin runs the city of Geneva as a theocracy
✦ Scottish, Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers
adopt a Calvinist form of church organization