EESAP4 Lodder, Marleen

ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) &
Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
Cradle to Cradle® in the Built
Environment
@ 4th European Conference on Energy
Efficiency and Sustainability in
Architecture and Planning
Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’
Cradle to Cradle® and C2C® are registered trademarks held by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC (MBDC).

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment - July 1st 2013
‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
Department of Decision and Information Sciences
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
Katja Hansen
Senior Researcher
Diana den Held
Senior Researcher
Douglas Mulhall
Senior Researcher
prof.dr. Michael Braungart Marleen Lodder
PhD Student
2

‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
1. Erasmus University Rotterdam
“Cradle to Cradle for Innovation
and Quality”
Rotterdam School of Management
2. University Twente
“Cradle to Cradle in Industrial
Design Engineering”
3. Technical University Delft
Visiting professorship
Building Design Technology
Faculty of Architecture
- C2C lab
• Technische Universität München
Cradle to Cradle Followship
Fakultät für Bauingenieur-
und Vermessungswesen
Fakultät für Architektur
3

MARLEEN LODDER
– PhD-candidate Erasmus University Rotterdam
• Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
• Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
– The Transition towards Beneficial Area (Re)Development
• Ecological-, Economical and Societal Added Value
• Healthy Area’s in itself and for their surroundings
• Variable Scales according to context and continuous cycles
• Process that involves public-, private-, civil society- & ecological “stakeholders”
– Background
• Master Architectural Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology
• Bachelor Built Environment, Avans University of Applied Sciences ‘s-
Hertogenbosch
4

Source: EPEA
5
BEECH TREE

CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Michael Braungart & William McDonough
"We do not want sustainability, because that is not enough. We want real quality.“
(Braungart)
“A delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world - with clean air, soil, water and power -
economically, equitably, ecologically, and elegantly enjoyed.”
(McDonough)
Source: http://www.amazon.com Source: http://www.mcdonough.com Source: http://greenatwork.com
6

CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
7
Up

Source: EPEA
8
TAKE – MAKE – WASTE

FRACTAL TRIANGLE
(McDonough W. & Braungart M., 2002)
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.
9

TRIPLE TOP LINE
“triple top line growth:
products that enhance
the well-being of nature
and culture while
generating economic
value” (pp252)
Source: Diana den Held
10

BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
ECO EFFICIENCY– ECO-EFFECTIVENESS
Source: EPEA
11
Doing things
right
Doing the
right things!

HOW CAN ONE BECOME CLIMATE NEUTRAL?
Source: UNEP

HOW CAN A CITY BECOME CARBON NEUTRAL?
Source: Copenhagen climate plan

?
THE GREENEST HOUSE IS THAT, THAT IS NEVER BUILT?
14

Source: Toyota
15
TREES WITH ZERO EMISSIONS?

?
TREES HAVE BENEFICIAL EMISSIONS
Source: EPEA
16
 Absorbs CO2
 Produces Oxygen
 Produces biomass
 Supports biodiversity
 Provides habitat to many species
 Filters the air
 Makes soil
………. etc.

Source: http://atsukojoe.wordpress.com
17
HOW HUMANS COULD HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG BENEFICIAL FOOTPRINT

?
AND HOW BUILDINGS COULD HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG FOOTPRINT!
Source: Unknown
18

Source: http://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/
19
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES – CITIES LIKE FORESTS

QUALITY INGREDIENTS + QUALITY DESIGN =
QUALITY PRODUCTS
=
20
Source: EPEA

UNKNOWN INGREDIENTS & UGLY DESIGN =
LOW QUALITY PRODUCTS
= ?
21
Source: EPEA

Source: http://www.businessweek.com Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com
22
INDOOR AIR QUALITY

HAITI & TURKEY. BAD DESIGN & UNKNOWN
INGREDIENTS = CATASTROPHE
Source: EPEA
23

OFF-GASSING OF CHILDREN'S TOYS
QUALITY QUESTION
Source: HUI
24

OFF-GASSING OF “NATURAL” CARPET
QUALITY QUESTION
Source: HUI
25

?
- Based on Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn, 1994
26

BIOLOGICAL & TECHNICAL METHOBOLISMS
Source: EPEA
27
Up

SERVICE PRODUCTS
- Upcycled of re-used at the same or a higher quality in a technical environment
Source: EPEA
28
Up

CONSUMPTION PRODUCTS
- Cascade models for creating added value for the natural environment as “food”
29
Source: EPEA Source: http://methodhome.com/ocean-plastic/
Up

Source: EPEA Source: http://methodhome.com/ocean-plastic/
CONSUMPTION PRODUCTS
- Cascade models for creating added value for the natural environment as “food”
Source: Bor, A., Hansen, K., Goedkoop, M., Rivière, A., Alvarado,
C., & van den Wittenboer, W. (2011). Usability of life cycle
assessment for cradle to cradle purposes. Utrecht: NL Agency.
30
Up

MINIMIZE THE NEGATIVE FOOTPRINT….
…. WHILE OPTIMIZING THE POSITIVE
31
Source: Based on image by Royal Haskoning

CONTEXT SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES
- Hannover Principles
- Almere Principles
- Venlo Principles
- Limburg Principles
- Marina Principles
- C2C Architects Manifesto
- C2C Architecture Charter
33

There is not yet a 100%
C2C building, highway or airport
New approaches are required to get there.
Focus on Innovation instead of
Certification
34

FRAMEWORK:
CRADLE TO CRADLE CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
PLANNING GUIDE
How To Plan A Big Beneficial Footprint; Guide To Innovation Tools For
Cradle To Cradle-Inspired Value In Building Developments.
REGISTRY
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-information-sciences/research/cradle-to-cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/
35

C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
For more information see:
http://www.duurzaamgebouwd.nl/bookstore
36

- Definition of a C2C building
- Criteria based on C2C principles
- Implementation criteria
- Measuring intentions, milestones & roadmaps
- Defining C2C energy
37

DEFINITION OF A CRADLE TO CRADLE® BUILDING
“Cradle to Cradle building contains defined elements that
add value and celebrate innovation and enjoyment by
measurably enhancing the quality of
- materials,
- biodiversity,
- air,
- and water,
- using current solar income,
- being deconstructable
- and recyclable,
- and performing diverse practical and life-enhancing
functions for its stakeholders to holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social equity.”
38

1. State your intentions
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
2. Quality of materials
– Defined pathways
– Defined use periods
– Design for disassembly
3. Soil production, Bio-nutrients
4. Climate, Air and Sound quality
5. Water quality
USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. Produce more energy then one needs by using current solar income
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. Bio-diversity, Conceptual-diversity, Social-diversity, Cultural-
diversity
39

THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
1. STATE YOUR INTENTIONS.
Which C2C principles do you plan to implement by when?
Which Goals do you plan to declare?
40

EXAMPLE:
C2C ROADMAP, measurable goals and milestones in a defined period
- Desso
Source: www.desso.com
41

Example of Goals for the sites:
“In Ten Years Our Site is Profitably Energy-
Positive”
- Keep Investment at Home
- Generate, Sell, and Buy Power
- Install & Maintain the Systems
42

Example of Goals for Materials:
“In ten years 90 percent of the
materials used in our building
will have C2C materials passports”
43

2. DEFINE MATERIALS AND THEIR INTENDED
USE PATHWAYS
(a) whose contents are measurably defined in technical or
biological pathways from manufacturing through use and
recovery and
(b) whose impacts are measurably beneficial for human health
and the environment.
44

EXAMPLE:
- DESSO AirMaster®
A carpet which ensures cleaner air in your home or office
Source: DESSO
45

EXAMPLE:
- DESSO AirMaster®
A carpet which ensures cleaner air in your home or office
Source: DESSO
46

C2C MATERIAL PASSPORTS & MATERIAL BANKING
- combined with Building Information Models (BIM)
Source: Based on multiple sources Source: www.ibom.biz
47

Definition Materials Passport:
Set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in
products that give them value for recovery and reuse.
Passports are a marketplace mechanism to encourage product
designs, material recovery systems, and chain of possession
partnerships that improve the quality, value, and security of
supply for materials so they can be reused in continuous
loops or closed loops or beneficially returned to biological
systems.
For other definitions please refer to Resource Repletion, Role of Buildings, Katja
Hansen, Michael Braungart, Douglas Mulhall, The Springer Encyclopaedia of
Sustainability Science and Technology, 2012, pp. 9096-9117 ISBN 978-0-387-
89469-0
MATERIAL PASSPORTS
48

Source: www.youtube.com
EXAMPLE:
Maersk
49

EXAMPLE:
Maersk
50

3. INTEGRATE BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENTS.
Recycle biological nutrients and water by integrating topsoil and
biomass production into buildings, landscaping, and spatial plans
to generate more biomass and clean water than before
development of the site.
51

EXAMPLE:
- QUANTIFYING NUTRIENT RECYCLING - BASIS FOR C2C
Water environment & technology 1997
Source: HUI
52

4. ENHANCE CLIMATE, AIR AND SOUND
QUALITY.
Actively contribute to measurably improving air quality so the
indoor air is healthier for occupants than before it entered the
building and provides a comfortable climate for occupants.
54

EXAMPLE:
- Mosses for uptake and conversion of fine particulates
EXAMPLE:
Source: Prof. Frahm – Uni Bonn
55

EXAMPLE:
- Happy Healthy School
EXAMPLE:
Source: http://www.happyhealthyschool.com/
56

EXAMPLE:
- Green walls in office spaces
EXAMPLE:
Source: http://www.truestars.nl/Page/299875_groene-wanden-mos-panelen.aspx
57

5. ENHANCE WATER QUALITY.
Measurably improve water quality so the water is healthier for
biological metabolisms than before it entered the building.
58

EXAMPLE:
- COVENT GARDEN: Urban applications of bionutrient recycling in temperate
climates
Source: Steven Beckers
59

USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Integrate renewable energy (current solar and gravitational
income) into buildings and area plans so the building and site
generate more energy than they use.
60

EXAMPLE:
- Building integrated PV in BSH building Park 20|20
(William McDonough + Partner)
Source: http://daylightaward.nl
61

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. ACTIVELY SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY.
Integrate measurable species diversity so the area supports more
diversity than before development.
62

EXAMPLE:
- Ferrer Research & Development Center: Releasing endangered butterfly species
every week (William McDonough + Partner)
EXAMPLE:
Source:http://www.mcdonoughpartners.com
63

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
8. CELEBRATE CONCEPTUAL DIVERSITY WITH
INNOVATION.
Focus on special beneficial features of a building and integrating
innovative components that are beneficial for the well-being of
occupants and the environment.
64

EXAMPLE:
- Park20|20
(William McDonough + Partner)
EXAMPLE:
Source: www.bouwwereld.nl
65

EXAMPLE:
- NIOO BUILDING
(Claus and Kaan Architects)
Source: http://www.nioo.knaw.nl
66

THE REGISTRY
For more information see:
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/
67

“Cradle to Cradle-Inspired Element support
the C2C principles, intentions and goals of
stakeholders by integrating diverse value-
added functions. The integration of quality,
added value, and beneficial impacts.”
C2C-INSPIRED ELEMENTS
Source: Building Registry
68

EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
- Active Green Facade
(kraaijvanger • Architects)
69

EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIRED ELEMENT:
- Atrium
(Steven Beckers)
Source: Steven Beckers
70

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: C2C THE BASIS
- The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Source: www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
“The circular economy requires careful
management of material flows, which
are of two types. These are
characterised by McDonough and
Braungart in Cradle to Cradle:
Remaking the Way We Make Things as
biological nutrients—materials designed
to re-enter the biosphere safely and
rebuild natural capital, and technical
nutrients, designed to circulate at high
quality without entering the biosphere.”
(Towards the circular economy 2, pp 26)
72

FRACTAL TRIANGLE
73

EESAP4 Lodder, Marleen

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