1. Visual Queries:
The foundation of visual thinking
Designing with
cyborgs in mind
Colin Ware
Data Visualization Research Lab
University of New Hampshire
11. Central Problem: How do we perceive
the world in all its rich detail?
Only detail in fovea
Only a small amount of Information in
visual working memory.
12. Solution
“The world is its own memory” O’Regan
Task-related active vision
“What you see is what you need”
Treish et al. (2003)
Seeing is a process that helps us solve problems
16. Stage 2 Pattern perception
Visual queries are executed by finding
patterns in displays
Attentional Demands
Tune the pattern finding processes
Top down meets bottom up
17. Visual search
U fu V al
se l isu
F ldo V
ie f iew
V a
isu l
Sa o
e rch r
M n rin
o ito g
S te y
tra g
Ee
y
Mv m t
o e en
Cn l
o tro
21. Why visualize?
Human Memory: 100 meg (Landauer)
= 108 (not unique)
World information: 1 exabyte/year
= 1018 (unique)
= 108 bytes new information per person per year
Conclusion: we are cognitive cyborgs – our
memories are not in our heads.
22. Why do we care about
perception?
It is about what makes information display
effective.
Can there be a science of visualization?
Evaluation
35.
Length - 420 ft
Beam – 82 ft
Draft – 29 ft
16,000 Tons
30,000 HP
Diesel Elec AC/AC
Fuel – 1,165,000 gal Top Speed – 17kts
Ice Breaking – 4.5 ft @ 3 kts
36.
37. CAVE
Head tracking – stereo
Resolution problems
Light scattering problems
Vergence focus problem for near object
Occlusion problems for near objects
41. Capacity of visual working
memory (Vogal, Woodman, Luck,
2001)
Task – change detection
Can see 3.3 objects
Each object can be complex
1 second
Low Level: Basic feature analys – determines what is seen with minimal effort
Mid Level: Pattern finding – The demands of attention meets automatic processing
High Level: Task related visual queries are formed – objects/ patterns are pulled into working memory and tested against the query
- Need to have the right mappings for queries to be easily satisfied.
Attention is focused to execute the query.
Final element is the cost of search.
The middle ground
Visual queries are exectuted by finding patterns in displays
Executed on the outputs of low level processing