Presentation at the Young OR Conference, The Operational Research Society, April 9-11 2013, Exeter

1. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Strategic Buildings’
Energy Systems Planning
Emilio L. Cano1
Markus Groissb¨ock2
Michael Stadler2
Javier M. Moguerza1
1DEIO, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid
2CET, Center for Energy and innovative Technologies, Austria
Young OR Conference, Exeter, UK
April 9-11, 2013
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 1/29

2. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
The EnRiMa Project
2 Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
3 Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 2/29

3. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
The EnRiMa Project
2 Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
3 Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 3/29

4. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Energy Systems in Buildings
Liberalisation of energy markets.
Global targets, e.g. 20/20/20.
Regulations:
Emissions.
Efficiency.
Technologies: Generation, ICT.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 4/29

5. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Energy Systems in Buildings
Liberalisation of energy markets.
Global targets, e.g. 20/20/20.
Regulations:
Emissions.
Efficiency.
Technologies: Generation, ICT.
Decisions at the building level
Strategic: Energy Systems Deployment
Operational: Energy Systems Use
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 4/29

6. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
EnRiMa Objective
http://www.enrima-project.eu
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 5/29

7. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
EnRiMa Objective
Objective
The overall objective of EnRiMa is to develop
a decision-support system (DSS) for operators
of energy-efficient buildings and spaces of
public use.
http://www.enrima-project.eu
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 5/29

8. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
EnRiMa Consortium
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 6/29

9. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
EnRiMa DSS Outline
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 7/29

10. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Symbolic Model Specification
The SMS contains the mathematical
representation of all relevant energy
subsystems and their interactions. Is
composed of sets, variables, parameters
and equations.
In the project deliverables D4.2 (initial)
and D4.3 (updated).
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 8/29

11. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Decision Scope
EnRiMaDSS
Strategic
Module
Operational
Module
StrategicDVs
Strategic
Constraints
Upper-Level
Operational DVs
Upper-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Operational DVs
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 9/29

12. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
The EnRiMa Project
2 Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
3 Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 10/29

13. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Model Sets
Time
m Mid-term period; m ∈ M.
p Long-term period; p ∈ P.
t Short-term period; t ∈ T .
Other features
i Energy-generation technology; i ∈ I.
j Energy-absorbing technology; j ∈ J .
k Energy type; k ∈ K.
n Energy market; n ∈ N.
l Pollutant; l ∈ L.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 11/29

14. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Strategic Model
EnRiMaDSS
Strategic
Module
Operational
Module
StrategicDVs
Strategic
Constraints
Upper-Level
Operational DVs
Upper-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Operational DVs
The strategic model is used in order to make
strategic decisions concerning which
technologies to install and/or decommission in
the long term. It includes a simplified version
of operational energy-balance constraints.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 12/29

15. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Strategic Decisions
Energy-creating technologies (i)
sp
i Available capacity (kW )
sdp,q
i Number of devices to be decommissioned
sip
i Number of devices to be installed
Energy-absorbing technologies (j)
xp
j Available capacity (kWh)
xdp,q
j Capacity to be decommissioned
xip
j Capacity to be installed
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 13/29

16. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Embedded Operational Model
EnRiMaDSS
Strategic
Module
Operational
Module
StrategicDVs
Strategic
Constraints
Upper-Level
Operational DVs
Upper-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Energy-Balance
Constraints
Lower-Level
Operational DVs
The model includes the realisation of
short-term decisions (t) that are scaled to a
long-term period (p) through a representative
profile (m).
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 14/29

17. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Embedded Operational Decisions
up,m,t,m
k,n Purchase of energy (kWh)
wp,m,t,m
k,n Sale of energy (kWh)
yp,m,t
i,k Input of energy k to technology i (kWh)
qip,m,t
k,j Energy type k added to storage
technology j (kWh)
qop,m,t
k,j Energy type k released from storage
technology j (kWh)
zp,m,t
i,k Output of energy type k from technology
i (kWh)
rp,m,t
k,j Energy type k to be stored in technology j
(kWh)
ep,m,t
Energy consumption (kWh)
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 15/29

18. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Energy-dispatching Decision Flow
Market
Demand
Purchases
Fictitious
Generation
Technologies
Storage
Technologies
N
K
J
I
Sales
K y
u
u
u
w
u
w
z
qi
qo
qi
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 16/29

19. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Strategic Constraints
sp
i = Gi
0≤a ≤p
AGp−a
i sia
i −
a <a ≤p
sda ,a
i
xp
j = GSj
0≤a ≤p
ASp−a
j xia
j −
a <a ≤p
xda ,a
j
sp
i ≤ GLp
i
xp
j ≤ SLp
j
q>p
sdp,q
i ≤ sip
i
q>p
xdp,q
j ≤ xip
j
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 17/29

20. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Budget Limit
i∈I 0≤a ≤p
CI p,p−a
i · Gi · sip
i −
a <a ≤p
sda ,a
i
+
0≤a <p
CDp,p−a
i · sda ,p
i
+
j∈J 0≤a ≤p
CISp,p−a
j · GSj · xip
j −
a <a ≤p
xda ,a
j
+
0≤a <p
CDSp,p−a
j · xda ,p
j ≤ IL
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 18/29

21. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Emissions and Efficiency
m∈M
DM p,m
·


i∈I,t∈T k∈KI
LH i,k,l · yp,m,t
i,k
+
k∈K n∈NBP ,m ∈MB
LCk,l,n · up,m,t,m
k,n

 ≤ PLp
l
ep,m,t
=
k∈K,m ∈MB


n∈NBP
Bk,n · up,m,t,m
k,n +
+
n∈NGNF
up,m,t,m
k,n


k∈K,p∈P,m∈M,t∈T

Dp,m,t
k +
n∈NS ,m ∈MS
wp,m,t,m
k,n


≥ EF ·
p∈P,m∈M,t∈T
ep,m,t
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 19/29

22. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Energy Balance
i∈I
zp,m,t
i,k +
n∈NB (k),m ∈MB
up,m,t,m
k,n −
i∈I
yp,m,t
i,k
−
n∈NS (k),m ∈MS
wp,m,t,m
k,n −
j∈JSto
rip,m,t
j,k
= Dp,m,t
k −
j∈JSto
rop,m,t
j,k
zp,m,t
i,k
=
k∈KI (i)
ECi,k,k · yp,m,t
i,k
zp,m,t
i,k ≤ DT · AFp,m,t
i · sp
i
rp,m,t
j,k = OSj,k · rp,m,t−1
j,k + OI j,k · rip,m,t−1
j,k
−OOj,k · rop,m,t−1
j,k
rop,m,t
j,k ≤ OX j,k · rp,m,t
j,k
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 20/29

23. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Objective Function
p∈P



i∈I



0≤a ≤p
CI
p,p−a
i · Gi ·


si
p
i −
a <a ≤p
sd
a ,a
i



+
0≤a <p
CD
p,p−a
i · sd
a ,p
i



+
j∈J



0≤a ≤p
CIS
p,p−a
j · GSj ·


xi
p
j −
a <a ≤p
xd
a ,a
j



+
0≤a <p
CDS
p,p−a
j · xd
a ,p
j



+
m∈M
DM
p,m
·
i∈I,k∈K,t∈T
CO
p,m,t
i,k
· z
p,m,t
i,k
+
m∈M
DM
p,m
·
j∈J ,k∈K,t∈T
COS
p,m,t
j,k
· r
p,m,t
j,k
+
m∈M
DM
p,m
·
k∈K,t∈T n∈NB ,m ∈MB
PP
p,m,t,m
k,n
· u
p,m,t,m
k,n
−
m∈M
DM
p,m
·
k∈K,t∈T n∈NS ,m ∈MS
SP
p,m,t,m
k,n
· w
p,m,t,m
k,n
−
i∈I
SU
p
i · Gi · si
p
i


Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 21/29

24. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
The EnRiMa Project
2 Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
3 Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 22/29

25. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Time and Technologies
Time
P ={1, . . . , 25}
M ={winter, spring, summer, fall}
T = {0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20, 20-24}
Technologies
I = {CHP, PV, WG}
Gi ={5.5, 4.5, 1.4} kW
CI 1,0
i ={3710, 1327, 5467} EUR/kW
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 23/29

26. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Prices and Demand
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
PPSP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Time Periods (years)
Price(EUR/kWh)
Energy Type
electricity
NG
Energy Prices Simulation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
winterspringsummerfall
0−4 4−8 8−12 12−16 16−20 20−24
Time period
EnergyDemand(kWh)
Energy Type
electricity
heat
Energy Demand Simulation for year 1
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 24/29

27. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Strategic Decisions
CHP
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
DecommissioningInstallation
1 25
Installation Year
value
Decom.
Period
25
Strategic Decisions
0
5
10
15
20
CHP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Years
value
Technologies capacity (kW)
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 25/29

28. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Operational Decisions
0
10000
20000
30000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Years
value
Energy Type
electricity
heat
NG
Energy purchases
electricity heat
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
CHP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910111213141516171819202122232425 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910111213141516171819202122232425
Total per year
value
Energy Output
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 26/29

29. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Summary
New challenges for building managers.
DSS are needed.
EnRiMa strategic model.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 27/29

30. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Summary
New challenges for building managers.
DSS are needed.
EnRiMa strategic model.
Outlook
Stochastic Programming version.
DSS modules integration
Solvers, alogorithms and benchmarking.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 27/29

31. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Acknowledgements
This work has been partially funded by the
project Energy Efficiency and Risk
Management in Public Buildings (EnRiMa)
EC’s FP7 project (number 260041)
We also acknowledge the projects:
Project RIESGOS-CM: code S2009/ESP-1685
HAUS: IPT-2011-1049-430000
EDUCALAB: IPT-2011-1071-430000
DEMOCRACY4ALL: IPT-2011-0869-430000
CORPORATE COMMUNITY: IPT-2011-0871-430000
CONTENT & INTELIGENCE: IPT-2012-0912-430000
The Center for Energy and innovative Technologies (CET) has been
supported by the ”Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and
Technology” through the ”Building of Tomorrow” program as well as by the
Theodor Kery Foundation of the province of Burgenland in course
of EnRiMa.
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 28/29

32. Energy Systems
Planning
YoungOR 18
Emilio L. Cano
Introduction
Energy Systems in Buildings
EnRiMa Project
Strategic Model
Strategic Decisions
Operational Decisions
Strategic Constraints
Operational Constratins
Objective
Numerical Example
Input Data
Solution
Summary
Discussion
Thanks !
emilio.lopez@urjc.es
@emilopezcano
Young OR 18 Biennial Conference, Exeter 2013 29/29