May find this helpful to study the Head & Neck Anatomy Muscles!

1. Muscles Test
Head & Neck Anatomy
Dr. Shean
Oct 21, 2011

2. Muscles of Facial Expression
• Origin of most is on bones
• Innervation of all from CN VII Facial
– Exits skull via stylomastoid foramen

3. Sternocleidomastoid

4. Sternocleidomastoid

5. Sternocleidomastoid

6. Trapezius

7. Trapezius

8. Trapezius

9. Trapezius

10. Frontalis

11. Frontalis

12. OrbicularisOculi

13. OrbicularisOculi

14. Zygomaticus Major

15. Zygomaticus Major

16. Insertion of Zygomaticus Major
• Origin: Zygomatic bone
• Insertion: blends with muscles
at the angle of the mouth
• Action: Elevation of corner of
mouth (smile)

17. Zygomaticus Minor

18. Origin of Zygomaticus Minor
• Origin: Zygomatic Bone
• Insertion: Blends with orbicularisoris
muscle
• Action: Elevation of upper lip, produce
nasolabial furrow

19. LevatorAnguliOris

20. LevatorAnguliOris

21. Origin of LevatorAnguliOris
• Origin: Maxilla
• Insertion: Blends with muscles at angle of
mouth.
• Action: Elevation of angle of mouth
(smile).

22. Risorius

23. Risorius

24. LevatorLabiiSuperioris
LevatorLabiiSuperiorisalaequenasi

25. LevatorLabiiSuperioris

26. Origin LevatorLabiiSuperioris
• Origin: Zygomatic bone, Maxilla
• Insertion: Blends with muscles of upper lip
• Action: Elevates upper lip (sneer)

27. LevatorLabiiSuperiorisalaequenasi

28. LevatorLabiiSuperiorisalaequenasi

29. Origin of
LevatorLabiiSuperiorisalaequenasi
• Origin: Maxilla
• Insertion: Alar cartilage of nose, blends with
muscles of upper lip
• Action: Elevation of upper lip, dilation of nostril

30. OrbicularisOris

31. OrbicularisOris

32. Depressor AnguliOris

33. Depressor AnguliOris

34. Origin of Depressor AnguliOris
• Origin: Mandible (body)
• Insertion: Blends with muscles at
angle of the mouth
• Action: Depression of angle of the
mouth (grimace)

35. Depressor LabiiInferioris

36. Depressor LabiiInferioris

37. Origin of Depressor LabiiInferioris
• Origin: Mandible (body)
• Insertion: Blends with muscles of lower
lip
• Action: Depression of lower lip (pout)

38. Mentalis

39. Origin of Mentalis
• Origin: Mandible
• Insertion: Skin of chin
• Action: Wrinkles skin of chin, raises and
protrudes upper lip

40. Buccinator

41. Buccinator

42. Origin of Buccinator
• Origin: PterygomandicularRaphe,
Maxilla (lateral aspect), Mandible
(lateral body)
• Insertion: Blends with muscles at
angle of mouth
• Action: Compression of cheek
(inflating a balloon, playing a wind
musical instrument)
• Innervation: CN VII Facial Nerve

43. Platysma

44. Platysma

45. Insertion of Platysma
• Origin: Fascia of Thorax & upper neck
• Insertion: Mandible (lower border), skin &
fascia of lower face, blends with muscles of
lower lip & angle of mouth.
• Action: Elevates & creases skin of neck (look
of “horror”), depression of lower lip & angle
of mouth

46. Muscles of Mastication
• All work on TMJ
• Mandibular movements =
elevation/depression, protrusion/retraction,
lateral deviation
• All innervated by CN V (3rd branch) :
Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal Nerve

47. Masseter

48. Origin of Masseter
• Origin: Zygomatic Arch
• Insertion: Mandible (External surface of
Angle &Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (closing
mouth)

49. Insertion of Massetter
• Origin: Zygomatic Arch
• Insertion: Mandible (External
surface of Angle &Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible
(closing mouth)

50. Temporalis

51. Origin of Temporalis
• Origin: Temporal Fossa
• Insertion: Mandible (Coronoid process
&Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (close
mouth)

52. Insertion of Temporalis
• Origin: Temporal Fossa
• Insertion: Mandible (Coronoid process
&Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (close mouth)

53. Medial Pterygoid

54. Origin of Medial Pterygoid
• Origin: Sphenoid bone (lateral Pterygoid
plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (medial surface of angle
&Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (closing
mouth)

55. Origin of Medial Pterygoid
• Origin: Sphenoid bone (lateral Pterygoid
plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (medial surface of angle
&Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (closing
mouth)

56. Origin of Medial Pterygoid
• Origin: Sphenoid bone (lateral Pterygoid
plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (medial surface of angle
&Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (closing
mouth)

57. Insertion of Medial Pterygoid
• Origin: Sphenoid bone (lateral Pterygoid
plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (medial surface of
angle &Ramus)
• Action: Elevation of Mandible (closing
mouth)

58. Lateral Pterygoid

59. Origin of Lateral Pterygoid
• Origin: Spehoid bone (Greater wing &
lateral Pterygoid plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (neck) &Articular disc
of TMJ
• Action: Protrusion of Mandible

60. Origin of Lateral Pterygoid
• Origin: Spehoid bone (Greater wing & lateral
Pterygoid plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (neck) &Articular disc of TMJ
• Action: Protrusion of Mandible

61. Insertion of Lateral Pterygoid
• Origin: Spehoid bone (Greater wing & lateral
Pterygoid plate)
• Insertion: Mandible (neck) &Articular disc of
TMJ
• Action: Protrusion of Mandible

62. • REMEMBER THAT THE LATERAL PTERYGOID
HAS 2 HEADS: SUPERIOR & INFERIOR HEAD
(SEE NOTES)

63. Hyoid Muscles
• Origins & insertions can be derived mostly
from the names

64. Mylohyoid
• SUPRAHYOID
• Origin: Mandible (inner aspect of
body)
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
• Action: Elevation of floor of
mouth
• Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve
(branch of Mandibular branch of
Trigeminal Nerve CN V 3rd
branch)

65. Insertion of Mylohyoid
• SUPRAHYOID
• Origin: Mandible (inner aspect of
body)
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
• Action: Elevation of floor of
mouth
• Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve
(branch of Mandibular branch of
Trigeminal Nerve CN V 3rd
branch)

66. Digastric Muscle
• SUPRAHYOID
• Innervation Ant. Belly:
Mylohyoid Nerve ( branch of
Mandibular Branch of
Trigeminal Nerve)
• Innervation Posterior Belly:
Facial Nerve CN VII

67. Stylohyoid
• SUPRAHYOID
• Innervation: Facial Nerve CN VII

68. Geniohyoid
• SUPRAHYOID
• Origin: Genial tubercles inside of
mandible (mental region)

69. Sternohyoid

70. Omohyoid
• Infrahyoid
• Muscle has 2 bellies (superior &
inferior) joined by intermediate
tendon attached to clavicle by fascia
• Innervation (EX CREDIT): Ventral
Rami of C 1-3 spinal nerves (cervical
nerves/plexus)

71. Omohyoid

72. Sternohyoid
• Infrahyoid
• Innervation (EX CRED): ventral
rami C 1-3 (Cervical
nerves/plexus)

73. Thyrohyoid
• Infrahyoid
• Innervation (EX CRED): Ventral
Ramus of C1 Spinal Nerve
(Cervical nerves/plexus)

74. Thryohyoid

75. Tongue Muscles
• Origins & Insertions mostly obvious from
names
• ALL innervated by CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve
• Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

76. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
• Longitudinal
• Transverse
• Vertical

77. Styloglossus

78. Genioglossus

79. Genioglossus

80. Hyoglossus

81. Stylopharyngeus
• Innervation: Gossopharyngeal CN IX

82. Superior/Middle/Inferior Pharyngeal
Constrictor
• Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus
– VAGUS NERVE??? CN X ???
• Action: Produce a wave of
contraction (peristalsis) during
swallowing
• Origin:
– PterygomandibularRaphe (Sup.)
– Hyoid bone (Mid.)
– Thyroid &Cricoid cartilages of Larynx
(Inf.)
• Insertion: Post. Midline
Raphe, Base of skull (sup.
Constrictor)

83. Palatoglossus
• Action: Elevates & Arches
tongue, depressing soft
palate toward tongue
• If you found a good pic
besides one out of the book
(don’t have a scanner) then
feel free to share! 
• OR Label this pic right here,
I’m not sure which part it is.

84. Palatopharyngeus
• Action: Moves palate posteroinferiorly&
posterior pharyngeal wall
anterosuperiorly

85. Levatorvelipalatini
• Raies soft palate to contact the psoterior
pharyngeal wall

86. Tensor velipalatini
• Tenses & slightly lowers soft palate