This document discusses vitamins and their functions and effects of deficiency and excess. It provides information on vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K. For each vitamin, it lists sources of the vitamin, its functions in the body, symptoms of deficiency, and potential side effects of excess intake. The document also notes that vitamins can be synthesized artificially or naturally in the body and perform their roles in small amounts with daily requirements usually being small. References are provided at the end.

1. MY GROUP MEMBERS
 NURUL NADIA BINTI A. AZIZ
09BHK10F2001
 NOR FARAHIN BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN
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 SYAHEERA BINTI OTHMAN
09BHK10F2038
 NUR FATEHA BINTI JAAFAR
09BHK10F2042

2. VITAMIN

4.  Most of the vitamins have been artificially synthesized.
 Some of vitamins are soluble in water and others are
fat-soluble.
 Some vitamins are synthesized in the body. Some
members of vitamin B complex are synthesized by
microorganisms in the intestinal tract.
 Vitamins are partly destroyed and are partly excreted.
 Vitamins can be stored in the body to some extent, for
example the fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver
and subcutaneous tissue.
 Vitamins can perform their work in very small quantities.
Hence, the total daily requirement is usually very small.

5. VITAMIN A •It can be found in many
fruits, vegetables, eggs, whole
milk, butter, fortified margarine, meat.
•It can also be made in a laboratory.
FUNCTION •reduce complications of diseases such as
malaria, HIV, measles.
•maintaining clear skin
LACK OF •blindness,
• cataracts,
VITAMIN A •decreased immune
EXCESS OF •birth defects,
•liver abnormalities,
VITAMIN A •central nervous system disorders,
• increase osteoporosis

6. VITAMIN B •vitamin B is a list of multiple vitamins like B1, B2, B6,
B12.
•Rich sources of vitamin B include whole grains, fish and
seafood, leafy green veggies, dairy goods like milk and
yogurt, beans and peas and so on
FUNCTION • Vitamin B aids in creating energy the body utilises to execute
its activities.
• Vitamin B also takes part actively in making red blood cells
that carry oxygen to different parts of your body.
LACK OF •Dry skin,
•Dry lips,
VITAMIN B •Nausea, insomnia,
• Tired.
EXCESS OF •Excess of B group vitamins are very rare since the
vitamin is excreted through urine.
VITAMIN B •When injected, allergic reactions like sweating,
shortness of breath, itching.
• Long term overdosage has been reported to cause
headache.
•Extremely large doses may result in death.

7. VITAMIN C Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning that
your body doesn't store it.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) assists the body in the
production of collagen, a basic component of
connective tissues.
Foods loaded in vitamin C, aside from citrus fruits
are: orange, lime, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage and
strawberries.
FUNCTION • It provides help in bracing your gums and muscles
also aids in healing injuries.
•Vitamin c for the growth and repair of tissues in all
parts of your body.
LACK OF • Muscle weakness,
• Bleeding gums,
VITAMIN C • Loss of teeth,
• And bleeding under the skin, as well as tiredness and
depression,
•Causes wounds to heal slowly.
EXCESS OF •.High doses can cause kidney stones,
•diarrhea and nausea.
VITAMIN C

8. Vitamin D •It can be found in small amounts in a few foods,
including fatty fish such as herring, mackerel,
sardines and tuna.
•To make vitamin D more available, it is added to
dairy products, juices, and cereals
FUNCTION •It works towards bracing your bones and teeth.
•Prevention of osteoporosis
•It is also used for boosting the immune system
LACK OF •Cause skin cancer
• Diabetes
VITAMIN D •Depression, and
•Fatigue
EXCESS OF •Weakness
•Weight loss
VITAMIN D •Nausea

9. VITAMIN E •Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant
properties.
•sources of vitamin E are: whole grains, eg wheat
and oats, leafy green vegetables, egg yolks, nuts,
poultry and so on.
FUNCTION •It looks after your lungs and
•also aids in formation of red blood cells.
LACK OF •Loss of muscle mass
• Abnormal eye movements
VITAMIN E • Unsteady walking
• Barren
EXCESS OF •Excess vitamin E intake can cause muscle weakness
• Fatigue, nausea and diarrhea
VITAMIN E •Increase your risk of bleeding

10. VITAMIN K Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, so your
body stores it in fat tissue and the liver
The "K" comes from its German name,
Koagulationsvitamin.
sources of vitamin k leafy green veggies, dairy
goods, like milk and yogurt, pork for example.
FUNCTION It is best known for its role in helping blood clot,
or coagulate,
LACK OF Difficult for blood to clot when cut and
bleeding in the body
VITAMIN K
EXCESS OF Diarrhea
Nausea
VITAMIN K Vomiting
 Anemia
But over time, these symptoms progress into liver
damage and, if an infant is getting large doses, that
infant is at risk of getting brain damage.

11.  There are 13 essential vitamins and each one has a
special role to play within the body, helping to
regulate the processes such as cell growth and
repair, reproduction and digestion
 Vitamins can perform their work in very small
quantities. Hence, the total daily requirement is
usually very small.

12. REFERENCE
 http://life-health-beauty.com/food-fitness/vitamin/vitamin-
important-nutrients-for-health/
 http://lackofvitamind.org/
 http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/what-is-
vitamin-d/vitamin-d-toxicity/
 http://www.livestrong.com/article/471029-what-happens-
when-body-gets-too-much-vitamin-e/
 http://www.helium.com/items/1352792-vitamim-k-
overdose-symptoms
 http://xploreonline.blogspot.com/2011/04/vitamin-in-
foods.html
 http://www.powervitamins.com/VitaminC.htm
 http://marvinwhite2k10.blogspot.com/
 http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/18114.htm
 https://ufandshands.org/vitamin-k#!prettyPhoto[adam]/1/