introduction to humanity 101

1. Chapter 6
organization in Achitecture
SurigaoState College of Technology
SurigaoCity
Reported by:
Mitch jica U. Javier
Apple kate A. Molina
Gleanylou P. sobrado
Joe mark P. valenzuel
Bernie- Cell V. Faller Jr.
SY: 2015-2016

2. Architecture is define as the art and science
of designing and erecting buildings.
If we will look around us today, we would
notice a wide variety of styles of architecture.
Such variety has always existed.

3. The modern houses and buildings contrast with
building and dwellings of only one generation ago.
A building, whatever it may be, must be measured
by the standards of its own period rather than ours
we shall take a look at various types of buildings as
they have evolved through history.

5. The Egyptian architecture which dates
back 4,000 to 2,280 B.C. is characterized
by enormous pyramidal structures.
Art in Ancient Egypt continued
strangely unchanged through the various
phases of foreign influence from the
Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome.

6. The religious rites of the Egyptians were
traditional, virtually unchangeable, and
mysterious, and these trials are reproduced
in the architecture, both of tombs and
temples.
Egyptian monumental architecture, which
is essentially a columnar and trabeated style,
is expressed mainly in pyramids and in
temples.

7. Ancientstructuresofegypt

10. Mesopotamian Architecture is
evident in its palaces and temples.
The Mesopotamian architecture is
characterized by a brisk tower called
“ziggurat” built at successive level
having the form of a pyramid.

11. Because of the use of brick, however , Assyrians
developed the arch and its multiple, the canopy.
 In Mesopotamia ,Ziggurat, the temple of
Babylon, built by Nebuchadnezzar (6th century
B.C.E), the stones were colored white black, blue,
yellow, silver, and gold from bottom to top. The
effect may have been Garish, but at the base, it
was striking.

12. Ziggurat

13. Towerof babel

15. As was the Egyptian temple, Greek
architecture in its most characteristics form
is found in the temple, a low building of
post-and-lintel construction .
In this type of construction, two upright
pieces or posts are surmounted by a
horizontal piece, the lintel, long enough to
reach from one to the other.

16. This is the simplest and earliest types of
construction, and is more commonly used than
other.
Post-and-lintel construction is well adapted to
wood because wooden beams are strong and are
able to uphold the weight of a roof; at the same
time they are long, so that a large building may
be erected.

18. THEDORICVIEW

19. Temple Of Apollo

20. TEMPLEOFAPOLLO

21. Parthenon

22. is taller and more slender than the Doric
it has a base, the capital is ornamented with scrolls on
each side.
unlike in the Doric order, the freeze is continuous
instead of being divided.
the architecture below the freeze is stepped; that is , it
is divided horizontally into three parts, each being
slightly

24. One of the things the Romans are most famous for is
their architecture.
The Romans brought a lot of new ideas to
architecture, of which the three most important are
the:
o ARCH
Roman Architecture

25. o BRICKS

26. o THE CEMENT
AND CONCRETE

27. ROMAN COLISSEUM

28. ROMAN AQUA-DUCT
Arch Triumph Paris

29. ROMAN PANTHEON

30. Building style of Constantinople (now Istanbul,
formerly ancient Byzantium)
The architecture of Constantinople extended throughout
the Christian East and in some places, notably Russia,
remained in use after the fall of Constantinople
- Byzantine architecture style is group of small domes or
semi domes round the central dome.
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE

31. HAGIA-SOPIA

32. SAINT SAVA CATHEDRAL

33. Alexander Nevski Cathedral

34. WESTERNARCHITECTURE IN THE
MIDDLE AGES
 The western styles follow the general
type of the Roman Basilica
, a long rectangular building.
 In early churches, the building was one
simple rectangle with an Apse.

35. KEDLESTON HALL

37. The early Christian Basilica has grown in part from
the Roman house where the earliest Christian met for
worship, and in part from pagan basilicas. Early
Christian style is structurally light, with a simple
lightweight, flat wooden roof. The interiors of early
Christian churches were often decorated with mosaic
as in S. Apollinare.
Early Christian Architecture (C.E 400-700)

38. Example:
Santa Sabina,
Rome, interior.

39. Romanesque architecture is an extension and
development of the Early Christian Basilica
exemplified by S.Apollinare in Classe. Examples are
Notre Dame La Grande at Portiers(Exterior) and the
abbayeaux-Dames(Interior).
Romanesque Architecture
(11th & 12th Centuries)

40. Exterior Interior
Notre Dame La Grande at
Portiers
abbayeaux-Dames

41. In Romanesque cathedral, several small
windows were combined in a compound
arch; in the Gothic, this process was
continued until the arches appeared only as
stone tracery.

42. Gothic Architecture;
Façade of Reims Cathedral, France
Overview of Reims Cathedral from
north-east

43. The Gothic style in architecture is
known primary for its cathedrals and
churches.

44. RomanesqueChurches
Many parish churches
across Europe, such as
this in Vestre
Slidre, Norway, are of
Romanesque foundation
Collegiate churches
such as that of Saint
Hadelin, Celles, Belgiu
m, were administered
by lay canons.

45. The Romanesque Sénanque
Abbey church and surrounding monastic
buildings, Gordes,Provence, France

46. RenaissanceArchitecture (15th and16th
Centuries)
In Renaissance architecture, the cathedral or temple is no
longer the typical building; secular architecture comes to the fore,
as in Roman times. Although Renaissance architecture is a return to
the ideals of the Greeks and Romans. Example of Renaissance
architecture (St. Peter’s Basilica).

47. The Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome

48. Examples:

49. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE (1600-1750)

50. THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
• 19th-century Architecture was is known as a period of
eclecticism. Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom
on the part of the architect or client to choose among
the styles of the past that seems to him most
appropriate. In a sense, the renaissance was eclectic in
its attempted revival of roman forms.

51. THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
Beginning in about 1890, eclecticism changed its flavor.
Increasing wealth, greater speed of travel that made it
easier to visit europe, and the spread of photography
familiarized architects and the public alike with historic
architecture as never before modern eclecticism was not
only pure in style; it understood something of the flavor of
the past as well as its forms.

52. THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

53. modern ARCHITECTURE
• Is an attempt to interpret one’s purpose through
building in a style independent of fix symmetries. New
materials came to be utilized – prestressed steel in
tension, high-pressure concrete, glass block, wood,
metal, chromium, plastics, copper, cork, steel, real and
artificial stone, all varieties of synthetics and
compressed materials and the versatile plywood.

54.  The Modern house was most typically a post-
and-beam structure with a flat or broad low-
pitched gable or shed roof. Exposed structure,
an expressive use of modern materials, and
the incorporation of landscaped areas,
sometimes inside the house, were the main
contributing elements to the architectural
character
What is the concept of modern house?

55. ModernARCHITECTURE

56. Philippine Architecture
REPORTED BY: GLEANYLOU P. SOMBRADO
BSIT-3A
SY: 2015-2016
Surigao State College of Technology
Surigao City

57. Intramuros(walled city)
The original city of manila
Within the protective walls rose a city of stone churches, monasteries, convents, schools, and
fine courtyard houses.

58. Universityof SantoTomas
The largest and the oldest university in the Philippines. Founded on April 28, 1611 by Miguel de
Benavides, Archbishop of Manila. Renaissance Revival architecture

59. St. Augustine Church
Material: Stone , designed by Juan Macías and
completed on January 19, 1607 baroque style
architecture

60. ManilaCathedral
Considered to be the Mother of all
Churches and Cathedrals in the
Philippines
Established in 1571 by father Juan de
Vivero
Style: Neo-Romansque
Material: Stones

61. San SebastianChurch
A Made of steel church designed by architect Genero Palacious and Completed in 1891.
The San Sebastian Church has been recognized by UNESCO as the only all-steel church
or basilica in Asia..

62. Paoay Churchin IlocosNorte
Built in 1710. Paoay Church was designed based on an
“earthquake baroque style architecture” to protect
churches from being destructed during the earthquake.
Buttresses The most striking feature of
Paoay Church is the 24 huge buttresses
Style: Earthquake Baroque

63. MorongChurchin Rizal
The Morong facade and bell
tower is one the most striking of
all church facades in the
Philippines and described
as baroque architecture was
completed in 1620.

64. Cultural Centerof the Philippines
Was designed by
Architect Leonardo
Locsin
Established to
preserve, develop and
promote arts and cultu
re in the Philippines.
constructed in the
mid-19th Century
The stairs of the
cultural center of
the Philippines.

65. HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE
ARCHITECTURE

66. HISTORYOFPHILIPPINEARCHITECTURE
 According to Architect Leonardo Locsin, Philippine Architecture is a result of various foreign
influences.

67. BahayBuko to Bahay na batu

68. MaranaoHouse
Houses designed for royalty. Built with
much ornamentation and elaborate
details.

69. Bataneshouse
Built solidly in all sides and covered with thick thatch roofing to withstand the
typhoons that frequently affect the area.

70. JAPANESE
ARCHITECTURE

71. Tensuji Temple
Hideyoshi Toyotomi built the tensuji
temple in kyoto to pray for his mother
while she was seriously ill.

72. A Juto (longevitytower)
 A Juto is a Kind of mausoleum
 Constructed at tensuji in 1452
 By Hideyoshi Toyotomi for his
mother

73. THANK YOU!