1. DO NOW…
What do these numbers refer to? Discuss in pairs and come up with a
logical order / set of reasons.

3. In 2012, Japanese over-65s made up a
record 24% of their population; it is
projected that Britain will reach, and
probably surpass, this figure by 2030.

4. If current working patterns continue, the ‘old age dependency
ratio’ is likely to increase:
- in 1971 the ratio was 280 pensioners per 1,000 working age
- in 2009 this ratio increased to 314 per 1,000
- by 2032 the ratio will become 349, even with
implementation of higher state pension ages.
Public expenditure on pensions and related benefits is going
to rise from 4.7% of our total GDP in 2007 to 6.2% of GDP in
2032.
Old Age Dependency Ratio (OADR) = „the number of people
over the state pension age (currently 65years old) per 1‟000
people of working age‟

5. However, the situation isn’t all negative…
Source : http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/time-to-think-differently/trends/demography/ageing-population

7. What are the
implications (positive
and negative) of an
ageing population?

8. 6
Refer to example
India
R.E.A.D. the
graph and
explain
Link to
development
data
Compare and
contrast data
Describe and
explain the
shapes of the
graphs (READ)
Write in full
sentences using
PEEL
5
Compare the
gender balance
Calculate the
dependency
ratio
Suggest reasons
for the
distribution of
ages / genders
Suggest how the
graphs may
change in future
Link to a specific
stage on the
DTM
Explain why
each graph fits
its stage of the
DTM
4
Suggest reasons
for the
distribution of
ages / genders
Explain what
dependency
means
Consider what
proportion are
youthful (0-14)
dependents
Write in full
sentences using
PEEL
Link to real fact
from the graph
(e.g. males 0-4
….)
Describe the
shapes of the
graphs (READ)
3
Explain why
each graph fits
its stage of the
DTM
Suggest reasons
for the
distribution of
ages / genders
Link to a specific
stage on the
DTM
Consider what
proportion are
ageing (65+)
dependents
Suggest how the
graphs may
change in future
Link to real fact
from the graph
(e.g. males 0-4
….)
2
Link to real fact
from the graph
(e.g. males 0-4
….)
Link to a specific
stage on the
DTM
Suggest how the
graphs may
change in future
Link to
development
data
Explain why
each graph fits
its stage of the
DTM
Explain why
each graph fits
its stage of the
DTM
1
Write in full
sentences using
PEEL
Explain why
each graph fits
its stage of the
DTM
Link to real fact
from the graph
(e.g. males 0-4
….)
Include key
terms, e.g. infant
mortality, etc,.
Consider the
impact on the
national
economy
Link to
development
data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Compare and contrast an MEDC and LEDC population structure. Suggest possible reasons for the
structure, how it may change in future, and what potential problems there may be based upon the
distribution of ages / genders.

10. Describe the distribution of the world’s population density.
Suggest reasons for the pattern. (4)

11. Why are populations unevenly spread?

12. Countries that are likely to have the
biggest population growth by 2050:
GROWERS:
1. India (467million projected
increase)
2. Nigeria (231 million)
3. Pakistan (101 million)
4. Tanzania (93million)
5. USA (93million)
6. DR Congo (83million)
7. Ethiopia (62million)
8. Philippines (62million)
9. Uganda (61million)
10. Kenya (56million)
DECLINERS:
1. Japan (25% projected
decrease by 2050)
2. Ukraine (23%)
3. Georgia (22%)
4. Bulgaria (21%)
5. Bosnia-Herzegovina (20%)
6. Latvia (19%)
7. Serbia (19%)
8. Lithuana (18%)
9. Poland (16%)
10. Moldova (15%)
(16. Germany 12%)

13. • A country’s population increase or decrease
depends upon:
- Natural increase / decrease (birth rate minus
death rate)
- Migration

14. How might population
structures, ageing populations, and
declining populations all link to
migration?

15. Declining populations
• By 2050, the Japanese population will have
declined from 130million to 100million – the
biggest drop for any MEDC
• Japan has a low fertility rate: Japanese women
have on average 1.3 children per woman
• What are the implications? How might they be
managed?

16. Exam Qs
• State 2 possible impacts of an ageing
population that affect the economy. [2marks]
• Suggest how an ageing population may be an
advantage to a country. [4marks]
• With reference to a named country, describe
and explain the impacts that an ageing or
declining population may have upon society,
economy and the environment. [9marks]

17. Enquiry
• Research what is being done to combat declining
populations in Germany and Japan, why the
populations are ageing and declining, and
evaluate how successful these strategies are.
• E.g. http://nyti.ms/19u38q9
• http://bit.ly/18NFnid
• http://bbc.in/18hnuYA
• http://bit.ly/19u4dOH

18. Homework
(on ShowMyHomework)
• Explain what a population pyramid shows .[2marks]
• What is an ageing population, and how can it affect a population or economy?
[3marks]
• What does a concave population pyramid suggest about the structure of a
population? [2marks]
• Find a population pyramid for the USA and Somalia. Compare the two and
describe the differences and similarities at different age stages of the pyramid.
[6marks]
• How would you suggest the China One Child Policy might affect a future
population pyramid for China in 2050? [3marks]

19. Exam Qs:
1. Where on the DTM do each of these population pyramids belong? Why? [4]
A = Stage ………because…………….
B =
C =
D =
2. Which pyramid has the highest proportion of ageing dependents? [1]
3. Describe and explain possible implications (positive or negative) of an ageing population. [4]
A B
C D

21. “When it comes to success,
there are no shortcuts”
13th May 2014 - SDME
22nd May 2014 – Key Themes