3. INTRODUCTION
The sinuses are a connected system of
hollow cavities in the skull. The sinus cavities
include:
• The maxillary sinuses
• The frontal sinuses
• The ethmoid sinuses
• The sphenoid sinuses
6. RHINOSINUSITIS
• Inflammation of the lining mucus membrane
of a sinus and nose as a result of infection,
allergy, structural or mechanical abnormalities
– Multi- Sinusitis:- If more than one sinus is infected,
– Pan- Sinusitis:- If all the sinuses are involved in the
inflammatory process
7. CLASSIFICATION
Acute Rhino-sinusitis:-
Acute onset of symptoms
Duration of symptoms <4weeks
Symptoms resolve completely
Recurrent Acute Rhino-sinusitis:-
>1 to <4 episodes of acute rhino-sinusitis per year
complete recovery b/w attacks
symptom free period of > 8 weeks
8. Cont.
Chronic Rhino-sinusitis:-
Duration of symptoms >12 weeks and Persistent
inflammatory changes on imaging for more then 4 weeks
after starting appropriate medical therapy
Acute Exacerbation of chronic Rhino-sinusitis:-
Worsening of existing symptoms or appearance
of new symptoms with complete resolution of acute (but
not chronic) symptoms between episodes
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9. Epidemiology
• ARS is affecting an estimated 6 - 10% of patients seen in a
daily out-patient practice*
• Bacterial sinusitis develops in 90% of patients with a viral
upper respiratory tract infection.
• more often seen with
25–30% of allergic patients,
43% of asthmatic patients,
37% of patients with transplants, and
54–68% of patients with AIDS
9
A survey on the management of acute rhinosinusitis among Asian physicians.
. Rhinology. 2011 Aug;49(3):264-71. doi: 10.4193/Rhino10.169.
17. Examination
Anterior rhinoscopic examination with or without a
topical decongestant,
is important to assess the status of the nasal mucosa
and the presence and color of nasal discharge.
Predisposing anatomical variations can also be noted
during anterior rhinoscopy.
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18.
19. NASOENDOSCOPY may reveal the origin of the
purulent discharge from the middle meatus and may
provide information about the nature of ostiomeatal
obstruction. The use of endoscopy may also aid in
the etiologic diagnosis of acute sinusitis by allowing
the careful attainment of purulent secretions from
the sinus ostia for culture. Purulent secretions in the
middle meatus (highly predictive of maxillary
sinusitis) may be seen using a nasal speculum and a
directed light.
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31. MRI
• MRI allows better differentiation of soft tissue
structures within the sinuses. It is used occasionally
in cases of suspected tumors or fungal
sinusitis.Otherwise, MRI has no advantages over CT
scanning in the evaluation of sinusitis.
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35. • Functional endoscopic sinus
surgery (FESS) is a minimally
invasive technique in which
sinus air cells and sinus ostia
are opened under direct
visualization. The goal of this
procedure is to restore sinus
ventilation and normal
function
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FESS
36. • Functional endoscopic sinus surgery should be
reserved for use in patients in whom medical
treatment has failed. The procedure can be
performed under general or local anesthesia on an
outpatient basis, and patients usually experience
minimal discomfort. The complication rate for this
procedure is lower than that for conventional sinus
surgery.
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37. BAWO
It may open the sinus
ostium at least temporarily
and clear any
mucopurulent material
(alsoprovide sample for C/S
or H/P)
Concomittant medical
treatment is necessary or
otherwise the saline left in
the sinus will merely
reinfect.
Transnasal approach
via. Medial wall of
maxilla.
Sublabial approach
via. anterior wall of
maxilla.
38. Intranasal Antrostomy
A large dependent opening in the medial wall of the
antrum is made in the inferior meatus.
This allows good aeration of the maxillary sinus. It
allows ciliary motion to be restored but adequate
removal of all irreversibly changed antral lining is not
possible.
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41. CONCLUSION
• Studies needs to be done to see incidence of Rhino-
sinusitis in our community
Two researches are in progress in our department
• Comparison of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
in the treatment of chronic Rhinosinusitis
• Pathogens responsible for Rhinosinusitis in our setup.
• Surgical treatment should be reserved for patients
not responding to conservative management
• FESS only improves drainage of osteomeatal
complex and is the treatment of choice for cases
not responsive to conservative treatment.
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