The use of trojans in targeted attacks has been known dating back to at least 2002. However, only since 2005 has their use and methodology become relatively widespread and better understood. Recently some of the more notorious attacks, especially those on governments, have been widely discussed in the media, but little technical information is available. This presentation is based on private investigations of targeted attacks against various organizations, and provides a detailed view on the methodologies, both from a technical as a social engineering perspective, most popular in these attacks. In addition, it briefly touches on how effective today's protection mechanisms are and to what degree these attacks can be mitigated and detected.