Role of enzymes in poultry nutrition

1. ENZYMES IN POULTRY NUTRITION
Submitted to : Submitted by:
Dr D.NAGALAXMI Dr Gurram Srinivas
Professor & University Head RVD/17-11
Dept. of Animal Nutrition

2. Introduction
• Most of the poultry diets formulated with
maize,soybeans as basic raw material.
• Due to increase in price and non-availability of
these ingredients,
• Phytate and Non-StarchPolysaccharides (NSP)
present in the endosperm cell walls

4. Enzymes
• a. Enzymes which are to
quantitatively supplement
endogenous digestive
enzymes of mono gastric
animals
• Eg. Proteases, lipases,
Amylases
• b. Enzymes which are not
produced by mono gastric
animals
• Eg. β-glucanases
• Pentosanases
• Phytases.

5. • Sources of EE Microorganisms that generally
involved in production of enzymes are
• Bacteria :
• Fungus submerged liquid fermentation
• Yeast Solid-state fermentation
• Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus
amyloliquifaciens and Bacillus stearothermophils
• Triochoderma longibrachiatum, Asperigillus
oryzae and Asperigillus niger Humicola spp.
(H. insolens)
• S. cerevisiae

6. Benefits of Enzymes
• Reduction in digesta viscosity,
• Enhanced digestion and absorption of nutrients
especially fat and protein,
• Improved Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) value
of the diet,
• Increased feed intake, weight gain, and feed–gain ratio,
Reduced beak impaction and vent plugging,
• Decreased size of gastrointestinal tract,
• Altered population of microorganisms in
gastrointestinal tract, Reduced water intake, reduced
water content of excreta, reduced production of
ammonia from excreta, reduced output of excreta,
including reduced N and P.

7. Role of enzymes in poultry nutrition
 Poultry do not produce enzyme for the hydrolyses of
these nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) present in the
cell wall of the grains
 Addition of enzymes will enhance the bioavailability
of above feed components.
 The production of endogenous enzymes may be a
limiting factor due to various reasons depending on
the age, health, type of feed, environment etc.

8. NSP

10. Effects of NSP compounds and phytate in poultry
 1. Influence on energy density
 2. Entrapping of nutrients
 3. Increasing the viscosity of digesta
 4. Reduction of nutrient absorption

11. NSP

12. • NSPs not only affects the absorption of basic
nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids and
amino acids, but also affects the utilization of
certain minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus
and zinc.

13. Overcoming aleurone and endosperm 'barriers' to endogenous
digestive enzymes is a key mechanism by which NSP enzymes can
improve nutrient digestibility.

14. • Phytate phosphorus is poorly available (30%) to
monogastric animals,
• Actually, phytate is often considered toxic, or
antinutritive.
• phytate may form complexes with proteins and
starches
• Dietary supplementation with microbial phytase
is well established as an effective and practical
method of improving phytate digestibility.

15. Phytic acid and Phytate metal salt
Bound minerals – unavailable to the bird!

16. High levels of unavailable P

17. (Ravindran et al., 1995)

18. Mechanism of action

19. Phytase Effect

20. phytase superdosing (1500-2000FTU/100kg)
• anti-nutritional effects of phytate and its esters to be fully
eliminated, the type and dose of phytase used must be
able to continue removing P from IP6, IP5, IP4, IP3 and
IP2 until all is converted to IP1.
• The application of a sufficiently high dose of a phytase
capable of eliminating phytate and preventing any subsequent
buildup of lower phytate esters.
• Phytase superdosing can result in the total elimination of
phytate anti-nutritional effects.
• inositol is thought to be responsible for around 30 percent
of the total response seen from superdosing.

21. Walk et al. (2013)

22. Pre-requisite of Enzyme
• Must act under acidic pH condition of stomach
• Resist low pH
• Resist pepsin’s proteolytic action
• It should act other parts of digestive tract

24. Source:A.K. Panda, S.V. Rama Rao, M.V.L.N. Raju, M.R. Reddy and N.K. Praharaj
Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad

26. NSPENZYMES

27. • The global digestibility of poultry diets can be
improved by addressing the main anti-nutritional
factors present in cereals: arabinoxylan chains. The
actions of xylanases and the de-branching
enzymes arabinofuranosidases are key.
• By working synergistically, NSP breakdown is
improved and the antinutritional effects reduced.

32. RESEARCH RESULTS CONCLUSION
Phytase inclusions of 500 and
2000 FTU/kg in maize-
basedbroiler diets impact on
growth performance,
nutrientutilisation, digestive
dynamics of starch, protein
(N), sodiumand IP6phytate
degradation in the gizzard and
four smallintestinal segments
,Ha H. Truonga
Animal Feed Science and
Technology 223 (2017) 13–22
. The transition from positive
control to negative control
diets compromisedweight
gains, FCR and toe ash by
10.3%, 6.57% and 11.5%,
respectively. However, 2000
FTU/kgphytase
supplementation completely
restored these parameters The
greatest IP6degradation of
95.5% was observed in the
gizzard from 2000 FTU/kg
phytase.
. Phytase supplementation at
the elevated 2000 FTU g/kg
inclusion in the NC diet was
found to be economically
viable. IP6degradation in the
gizzard was highly correlated
with broiler weight gain and
explains the magnitude of
response generated by
phytase. Phytase activity,
Evaluation of increasing levels
of a microbial phytase in
phosphorus deficient broiler
diets via live broiler
performance, tibia bone ash,
apparent metabolizable
energy, and amino acid
digestibility.J.peiniajecetal
Poult Sci (2017) 96 (2): 370-
382.
. Phytase increased BW (P <
0.05) compared to the NC as
2,000 U/kg phytase resulted in
further BW increases
compared to the PC . Phytase
improved FCR, Amino acid
digestibility coefficients were
increased with phytase at
2,000 U/kg to levels
inclusion of phytase improves
broiler performance and bone
mineralization in aP reduced
diets and levels beyond the
traditional 500 U/kg can result
in further improvements.

33. RESEARCH RESULTS CONCLUSION
EFFECT OF DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTATION OF NON
STARCH POLYSACCHARIDE
HYDROLYZING ENZYMES ON
PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
REARED ON SUB-OPTIMAL
DIETSNikam, M.G., Ravinder
Reddy, V. Raju, M.V.L.N., Rama
Rao, S.V., Kondal Reddy, K. and
Narasimha, JAsian Journal of
Science and Technology Vol. 07,
Issue, 07, pp. 3223-3226, July,
2016
. commercial broiler chicks
were supplemented with the
non starch polysaccharide
hydrolyzing enzymes at 1X
higher concentration (HC) viz.
(xylanase, ß- D-glucanase,
cellulase, mannanase and
pectinase @ 2400, 4800,
1800, 4800, and 2400 IU/kg
respectively. The similar
enzyme combination was
supplemented @
4800,9600,3600,9600 and
4800 IU/kg respectively as 2X
(HC) to the corn + soybean
meal based diets
. The non starch
polysaccharide hydrolyzing
enzyme (NSPHE) combination
@ 2X (HC) viz. (xylanase, ß-D-
glucanase, cellulase,
mannanase and pectinase @
4800,9600,3600,9600 and
4800 IU/kg respectively to the
corn + soybean meal based
diets having sub-optimal (-
100 Kcal) energy levels have
influenced the BWG, FI and
FCR in broilers

34. CONCLUSION
• The potential benefits of exogenous feed enzymes
in improving nutrient digestion and bird
performance are well recognized.
• The enzymes not only benefit economically but
also have many social benefits.

35. REFERENCES
• Slominski BA(2013) Recent Advances In Research On Enzymes For
Poultry Diets. Poultry Science Association.
• Khattak FM, Pasha TN, Hayat Z, Mahmud A (2006) Enzymes in Poultry
Nutrition. J Anim Pl Sci 16: 1-2.
• Neospark (2014)Role of Enzymes in Poultry Nutrition.
• Choosing enzyme solutiondepends on many factorsBy N.E.
WARDFeedstuffs, January 24, 2014
• Phytate-free nutrition: A new paradigm in monogastric animal
productionA.J. Cowieson et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 222
(2016) 180–189
• Phytase inclusions of 500 and 2000 FTU/kg in maize-basedbroiler diets
impact on growth performance, nutrientutilisation, digestive dynamics of
starch, protein (N), sodiumand IP6phytate degradation in the gizzard and
four smallintestinal segments H.H. Truong et al. / Animal Feed Science and
Technology 223 (2017) 13–22