Listening is the ability to understand what others are saying and involves comprehending accent, grammar, vocabulary, and meaning. There are several potential problems with listening including issues with the message content, speaker, listener, and physical setting such as background noise. The document provides solutions for improving listening related to modifying materials for students' levels, providing visual aids, and developing listening skills through varied tasks and exercises at different levels. It also outlines common stages and activities for listening lessons in the classroom.