1. WWI
1700 – 1900 Summary
M.A.I.N Causes & reasons for
US Entry

2. Militarism (Arms Race)
• Definition: Making your military bigger and
better than other countries.
• Why would you want your military bigger than
other countries?- show your strength, pride in your
country, show that you’re better
• What problems can arise when compete
against other countries military strength? You’ll
think that you need to use your bigger military, test your strength
against another countries, try and solve your problems through
force.

3. Alliances
• An agreement between two or more countries to help
each other. It can include military help, money or
providing of weapons.
• Late 1800’s many countries in Europe made various
alliances, Triple Entente (Britain, Russia and France) and
The Triple Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary, Italy)
– Italy left alliance after Austria-Hungary took offensive against
Serbia

4. Imperialism
• Definition: When one country takes over
another country to build an empire.
• Land equals power, which countries are the
most powerful? Britain and France have the most territory
at this time. Germany wants to get into the action.
• Why would a country want to take over
another country? Resources, place to sell their products,
show their strength—more land, more power.

5. Nationalism
• Pride for your country.
• What does it mean to have pride for your
country? Happy to be a citizen of that country
or land. You’d be willing to support your countries causes.
Display your pride-go out of your way to show it.
• If you have pride for your country, what would
do to help your country? Join the war effort, enlist in
the army, save food for the army.

6. Morocco
• France and Germany compete for land in
Morocco from 1905-1913
• France ends up with control but is upset with
German attempts to interfere with their
imperial goals.
• France has secret military talks with England
in the event of war with Germany.

7. What’s the deal with the Balkans?
• Look at your map…
• Many countries in Balkans gain independence
from the Ottoman Empire (Greece, Serbia,
Romania, Bulgaria
– Slavic people from these countries still live in Austria-Hungary
and Ottoman Empires
• Serbia plays real life Hitman. Form the Black
Hand-liberate Serbians living under Austro-Hungary control.
Assassinations of people if necessary

8. Map of Balkans 1914

9. Franz Ferdinand
• Arch-duke of Austro-
Hungarian Empire
– Heir to the thrown
• Shot by Serbian
Nationalists-Blank Hand
• Serbia given an
ultimatum: Accept all
conditions or go to war!
– Accept all but one.
– The rest is history…

10. US wants to stay neutral
• Why would the US want • Predict what problems
to stay out of war? USA would face in
• Since George keeping this stance.
Washington—history of • Economic
staying neutral in • Attacked
European affairs • Propaganda
• Military was small • No Allies
• Allies?
• Russian leadership?

11. Submarine Warfare
• Read U-Boat section in • Why was the use of U-
your textbook pg. 286 boats controversial?
• Why was the sinking of
the Lusitania
• 15 min significant?
• What was the Sussex
pledge?

12. US stays neutral
• Value of U.S. exports [products sold
in other countries] for 1914:
– 1914 - $824.8 million to Allies
– 1914 - $169.3 million to Central
Powers
• Value of U.S. exports for 1916:
– 1916 - $3.2 billion to Allies
– 1916 - $1.2 million to Central
Powers
• Value of U.S. loans for 1917:
– 1917 - $2.5 billion to Allies
– 1917 - $27million to Central
Powers
Prior to US entry into WWI, was
the war good or bad for the US
economy? Explain with detail.

13. Zimmerman Note-Code broken by Great Britain

14. Zimmerman Note
• Review the translated note with a partner.
• Questions: What was Germany’s first goal
concerning the USA? Keep the USA neutral.
• If that plan failed, what did Germany hope an
alliance with Mexico would produce? If US
entered the war, Mexico should attack America and retake lost
land (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico)
• What kind of reaction would this have in the
US?

15. Going to War
• Other reasons for going to war and staying in it?
• Propaganda: biased or misleading information
used to promote or publicize a particular
cause or point of view.
• Examples to follow…

16. Propaganda Techniques
• Authority- use an important person to support the idea,
argument. Ex. Lebron James selling b-ball shoes
• Bandwagon – You should do this because everyone else is
doing it.
• Cause/Effect – if you do this, this will happen.
• Symbols – Appeal to emotions ex. Patriotism-Flag, eagle, Uncle
Sam
• Demonizing – making other people appear to be less than
human. Make false claims about person. Appear immoral.
• Emotion – appealing to fear, sadness, pride, etc.
• Direct Order – telling people the steps they need to take.

17. Propaganda: Retreat of Germans
French Report of German Retreat, by Georges Payelle.
Commission investigated the destruction said to have been caused by retreating German
forces
“In February 1917, the Germans were beginning to prepare for their retreat, they committed
the savage damage which is now known to the entire world. It looks as if a group of
violent maniacs had passed through it, and in truth the Germans displayed a sort of
frenzy in destroying everything they could not carry off
One asks oneself how the army of a nation, which claims to be civilized, could have been
guilty of such deeds. After they had been pillaged houses and farms were destroyed by
explosives, or were set on fire. The Germans pillaged the town, carrying off furniture,
ripping open strong boxes, and sacking churches; and for a night they proceeded to
destroy the houses carefully.
Nearly everywhere the fruit trees in the open country and in gardens have been cut down,
savagely hacked about, or barked in such a way as to kill them. Long rows of great
poplar-trees, sawn through at the base, strew the fields near the roads. One has only to
look at all these ruins to recognize that they were not heaped one upon another merely
for military reasons, and that the desire to injure was the motive.
Such words reveal a very poor mind.”

18. Propaganda: Story of Edith Cavell
• British Red Cross
nurse serving in
Belgium
• Executed for
assisting Allied
prisoners escape
during WWI

19. Edith Cavell Postcard

20. Propaganda: Bryce Report
• British commission headed by Lord James
Bryce (respected historian)
• Report came out following the sinking of the
Lusitania
• Let’s look at the report:
– Describes atrocities in Belgium
– Report is translated into 27 languages—Why?

21. Bryce Report Excepts
• In Hofstade a number of houses had been set on fire and many corpses were
seen, some in houses, some in back yards, and some in the streets.
• On a side road the corpse of a civilian was seen on his doorstep with a bayonet
wound in his stomach, and by his side the dead body of a boy of five or six with
his hands nearly severed.
• The corpses of a woman and boy were seen at the blacksmith's. They had been
killed with the bayonet.
• It is proved--
– That in the conduct of the war generally innocent civilians, both men and
women, were murdered in large numbers, women violated, and children
murdered.
– looting, house burning, and destruction of property were ordered and
tolerated by the officers of the German Army

22. Propaganda
Posters
• Complete the war
propaganda poster for
the following poster.
• Choose a picture from
http://www.ww1propagand
• Complete an analysis on
the back of worksheet.

23. Dehumanization and Emotional Appeals

24. Be Loyal
• Espionage Act 1917:
– A crime to interfere with
the draft, spying, or
obstructing the war
effort
– Fire in a crowded
theatre
• Sedition Act 1918
– Made it a crime to say
anything “disloyal,
profane, or abusive”
about gov.

25. New Technology
• You’ll be handed a quote or description of a new technology
• Find the person in class that matches the description of your
technology
– To check if you’re right, visit teacher to confirm
• Be prepared to answer:
– What stood out for your from your text?
– How do you think this technology changed how war was fought?
• As groups present, students take notes.
• Machine Guns, Poison Gas, Flame Throwers, Airplanes, Tanks,
Submarines (u-boats), Trenches

26. Total War
• What do you think this term means?
• How have we seen this played out in WWI?
• Examine the sources on the board
– What does it describe?
– What does the source say about ?

27. Gov. Mobilization
• Gov. produced posters
• Reduce food
consumption to save for
troops. Also brings price
of food down for the
Gov to purchase for
troops.
• Buy local—save
gasoline—see above for
reasoning.

28. Americanization
• Freedom fries anyone?

29. Americanization cont. Anti-German
• Professor Tarred and
Feathered—see article
• Not supporting War
bonds—see picture
• Several states restrict
the German language

30. Peace
• “Peace without Victory”
• Don’t want to victimize
any one group.
• Big 4
• Reparations.
• Congress isn’t all for it!