1. Chapter 26: The Triumph of Conservatism, 1969–1988
1. Title 1X
A ban on gender discrimination in higher education
is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any
federally funded education program or activity
2. Nixon and China
Full diplomatic relations between the United States and the People’s Republic of China
were not established until 1979, but Nixon’s visit sparked a dramatic increase in trade
between the two countries.
3. Oil Crisis
4. Nixon and the Great Society
More efficient administration
Shift responsibility to the states
Shift school desegregation to the court
5. The Nixon pardon
Among his first acts as president, Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon, shielding him from
prosecution for obstruction of justice.
6. Iranian Hostage Crisis
When Carter in November 1979 allowed the deposed shah of Iran to seek medical
treatment in the United States, Khomeini’s followers invaded the American embassy in
Tehran and seized fifty-three hostages. They did not regain their freedom until January
1981, on the day Carter’s term as president ended. Events in Iran made Carter seem
helpless and inept and led to a rapid fall in his popularity.
7. The Savings and Loan Crisis
8. Iran-Contra Affair
Scandal of the second Reagan administration involving sales of arms to Iran in partial
exchange for release of hostages in Lebanon and use of the arms money to aid the
Contras in Nicaragua, which had been expressly forbidden by Congress.
9. Family Assistance Plan
A ''negative income tax'' that would replace Aid to Families with Dependent Children
(AFDC) by having the federal government guarantee a minimum income for all
Americans.
10. Block grants
Grants given to states to spend as they see fit, rather than for specific purposes.
11. San Antonio Independent School District V. Rodriguez
A 5-4 Court majority ruling that the Constitution did not require equality of school
funding
12. Reverse Discrimination
Claims that, in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause,
minorities were granted special advantages over whites.
13. Regents of the University of California V. Bakke

2. Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the California university system�s
use of racial quotas in admissions but allowed the use of race as one factor in
admissions decisions.
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld
affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
14. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Agreements which froze each country’s arsenal of intercontinental missiles capable of
carrying nuclear warheads.
15. My Lai Massacre
An incident in which a company of American troops killed some 350 South Vietnamese
civilians.
A mass killing of helpless inhabitants of a village in South Vietnam during the Vietnam
War, carried out in 1968 by United States troops under the command of Lieutenant
William Calley.
16. War Powers Act
Law passed in 1973, reflecting growing opposition to American involvement in Vietnam
War; required congressional approval before president sent troops abroad
Congress passed this to limit the power of the president in military affairs
Congress also passed the congressional budget and impoundment act which forced the
president to spend any money he attempted to hold onto
17. Stagflation
A combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation present during the
1970s.
18. Misery index
The sum of the unemployment and inflation rates
19. Helsinki Accords
Agreements made in 1975 between the United States and Soviet Union that, over time,
inspired movements for greater freedom within the communist countries of eastern
Europe.
20. Camp David Peace Treaty
A peace agreement between Egypt and Israel facilitated by Jimmy Carter.
21. Neoconservatives
A group of intellectuals who charged that the 1960s had produced a decline in moral
standards and respect for authority.
22. Regan Revolution
A reference to how Reagan reshaped the nation’s agenda and political language more
effectively than any president since Franklin D. Roosevelt.
23. Reaganomics
Popular name for President Ronald Reagan’s philosophy of supply side economics,
which combined tax cuts with an unregulated marketplace.
The ascendancy of conservation in the 1980’s can be partially attributed to the
economic “stagflation” of the Carter years
Regan espoused supply-side economic theory

3. Supply-sides favored simultaneous tax cuts and reduction in spending to encourage
investors and entrepreneurs
Conservative author George Glides wrote “a successful economy depends on the
proliferation of the rich”
24. Nixon’s Domestic Policy
25. Vietnam
26. Watergate
Watergate Scandal
o Summer 1973-Senate investigation
 Damaging Senate hearings on cover-up
 White House tapes discovered
o Summer 1974
 Nixon must relinquish tapes
 House Judiciary committee recommends impeachment
o August 9,1974
 Nixon resigns
Watergate Scandal Consequences
o Demonstrates growing power of the executive branch
o Illustrates vitality of institutions
 Press
 Federal judiciary
 Congress
Watergate
o Nixon had attorney general appoint a special prosecutor, Archibald Cox, to help
in the investigation
o After, Cox asked Nixon to give him the tapes, Nixon ordered the attorney
general to fire cox
o Response to that, the attorney general resigned as well as top aides to him
27. Gold age
28. Gerald Ford
Vice president
Nixon appoint Gerald Ford as his new VP
Nixon did release written transcripts of the tapes although they were heavily edited
Supreme court ordered Nixon to hand over the tapes and he did
Tapes revealed direct evidence of a cover up of the break-in
29. Jimmy Carter
Carter’s Success
o 1978—Camp David Accords
o 1979—Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty
Carter’s Failure
o 1979—Iranian Revolution
o November—U.S> embassy in Teheran invaded, 58 Americans taken hostage
o Carter fails to secure hostages’ release

4. Carter lost public confidence during the Iranian hostage crisis
30. Regan Revolution
following his overwhelming victory Reagan and his political allies began an effort to
reverse the political legacy of the New Deal and Great society
His 1st
Inaugural Address: “In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our
problem government is the problem”
Regan was able to capitalize on the new conservative national sentiment with a simple
message: low taxes. Smaller government and strong national defense
Addition to delivering a clear, concise agenda, Reagan conveyed a sense of optimism
and accessibility that earned him the title “the Great Communisator”
31. Cold War
32. Détente
Nixon more interested in foreign policy
Henry Kissinger was his primary advisor
Nixon and Kissinger had practical approach to diplomacy
Cold war traditional Great Power struggle. Not ideological war with Communism
Detente-Relaxation of tension with soviets
Detente: Tactics and Actions
o Nixon’s 1972 visit to china and the “China Card”
o Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM)
o Limited each side to 200 ABMs
o Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
o Froze number of offensive ballistic missiles for 5 years
33. Election of 1988
34. Reagan
The United States presidency of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Reagan administration,
was a Republican administration headed by Ronald Reagan from January 20, 1981, to
January 20, 1989
Reagan Administration:1980-1988
o Ascendancy of conservatism
 Promoted the concept that social programs had not solved poverty
 Did not favor social programs to aid the poor
 Social spending was incompatible with economic growth
 Did not support federal civil rights