The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated. Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) & Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% by weight of cement

1. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
61
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE
CONCRETE FOR REPLACEMENT OF SAND BY STONE
WASTE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEMENT WITH
CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE
Adanagouda1
, Mahesh2
, Dr.H.M.Somasekharaiah3
1
Asst.Professor, Department of civil engineering, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India,
2
Asst.Professor, Department of civil engineering, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India,
3
Professor, Department of civil engineering, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India,
ABSTRACT
The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting
in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an
economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened
properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated.
Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main
objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
& Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a
replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0%
by weight of cement.
During the present study 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% of traditional fine
aggregate was replaced with stone waste. For each mix 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% of super
plasticizers by weight of cement was added. Concrete cube, cylinder and beam specimens were
tested for evaluation of compressive, split tensile and flexural strength respectively where found after
28 days of curing. Workability was measured in terms of slump and compaction factor. It is found
that stone dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete when used along with super
plasticizers.
Keywords: Compressive Strength, River Sand, Stone Waste, Super Plasticizers, Tensile Strength
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2. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
62
I. INTRODUCTION
The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resources
and energy sources and lesser the burden of pollutant on environment. The waste generated during
the cutting and polishing process of marble/kotastone/granite is called stone waste. It is commonly
used as a building material since it improves strength and other durability factors. Stone waste can be
used as a partial replacement of cement or replacement of fine aggregate and as a supplementary
addition to achieve different properties of concrete. The successful utilization of quarry dust as fine
aggregate would turn this waste material that causes disposal problem in to a valuable resource. The
utilization will also reduce the strain on supply of natural fine aggregate, which will also reduce the
cost of concrete.
In past decade variable cost of natural sand used as fine aggregate in concrete increased the
cost of construction. In this situation research began for inexpensive and easily available alternative
material to natural sand. Some alternative materials have already been used as a part of natural sand
eg. Flyash, slag, limestone and siliceous stone powder were used in concrete mixtures as a partial
replacement of natural sand. However, scarcity in required quality is the major limitation in some of
the above materials. Stone waste has to satisfy the technical requisites like workability, strength,
durability and cost of the concrete.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] Anitha Selva Sofia S.D et al. carried out an investigation on quarry dust concrete with
chemical admixture. They reported that the quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of
concrete when used along with super plasticizers and also usage of quarry dust it will also
reduce the cost of concrete because it is a waste material from quarries.
[2] Ankit Nileshchandra Patel and Jayeshkumar Pitroda carried out an investigation on an
exploration study on stone waste as foregoing alternatives for green concrete. They reported
that the split tensile strength increased up to 30% replacing of stone waste in OPC and 20%
replacing of stone waste in PPC. Lower manufacturing cost of concrete using stone waste in
PPC compared to OPC. It is the possible alternative solution of safe disposal of stone waste.
due to longer setting time making it more workable than OPC.
[3] Hangovan et al studies the strength and behavior of concrete by using crushed rock dust as fine
aggregate, they investigated the possibility of using crushed rock as 100% replacement for
sand, with varying compacting factor.
[4] Sivakumar and Prakash M. carried out an investigation on the mechanical properties of
concrete with quarry dust. They reported that the quarry dust may be used as an effective
replacement material for natural river sand which increased the strength.
[5] Ilangovana. R et al. carried out an investigation on strength and durability properties of
concrete containing quarry rock dust as fine aggregate. It was reported that the physical and
chemical properties of quarry rock dust as well as the durability of quarry rock dust concrete
under sulphate and acid action was better than that of conventional concrete.
As there are very limited studies on replacement of sand with quarry dust, the
objective of this study is to conduct an experimental study on properties of the concrete for
replacement of sand by stone waste for different types of cement with chemical admixture and
to evaluate the optimum results.

3. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
63
III. MATERIALS
a) Cement (OPC): Ordinary Portland Cement (43 grade) with 30 percent normal consistency
conforming to IS: 8112-1989 was used in this study.
b) Cement (PPC): Portland Pozzolana Cement (43 grade) with 32 percent normal consistency
conforming to IS: 269:1976 and IS: 4031-1968 was used in this study.
c) Quarry dust: Quarry dust is collected from local stone crushing of Namakkal village, Bellary
(Karnataka). It was initially dry in condition when collected. The specific gravity of the quarry
dust was found to be 2.58.
d) Fine aggregate (Natural river sand): River sand having a density of 1600 kg/m3 and fineness
modulus of 3.11 was used. The specific gravity was found to be 2.60, conforming to Zone II of
IS: 383-1970 was used in this study.
e) Coarse aggregate: Natural granite aggregate having a density of 2650 kg/m3 and fineness
modules of 6.86 was used. The specific gravity was found to be 2.69 and water absorption as
0.56%. Maximum size of aggregate used is 20 mm.
f) Water: Potable tap water available in laboratory was used for mixing and curing of concrete.
g) Chemical Admixture: The chemical admixture used for the investigation is super plasticizer
conplast sp430. Super plasticizer produces concrete with high workability and flow ability. Use
of super plasticizer will also result in the reduction in water content without loss of
workability. The electro chemical activity of the super plasticizer is responsible for the high
workability. Super plasticizer molecules and cement grains are oppositely charged and hence
repel each other. This increases the mobility and hence the flow ability of concrete. As per IS
456:2000, the dosage of super plasticizer should not exceed 2% by weight of cement. During
the present investigation, dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight of cement was
used.
IV. DESIGN MIX
A mix M40 grade was designed as per Indian standard method (IS: 10262-2009) and the
same was used to prepare the tests samples. The design mix proportion is done in Table-1.
Table 1.0 - Design Mix Proportion for (M40 mix)
Water
(liter)
Cement
(kg/m3
)
Fine Aggregate
(kg/m3
)
Coarse Aggregate
(kg/m3
)
By weight (gms) 140 350 876 1160
By volume (m3
) 0.40 1 2.50 3.31
V. METHODOLOGY
During the present study, two types of cements are selected OPC and PPC - 43 grades to
evaluate 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% of traditional fine aggregate was replaced with
quarry dust. For each of the mixes, four dosages of super plasticizer, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by
weight of cement were added. Cube specimens and cylinder specimens were cast.
Compressive Strength Test: Concrete cubes confirming to IS: 516-1964 of size 150x150x150
mm was cast for determination of compressive strength. After 24 hours the moulds were de molded
and subjected to water curing. Before testing, the cubes were air dried for 2 hours, crushing loads
were noted and average compressive strength of 3 specimens is determined at 28 days shown in
Table-2 of various mix proportions.

4. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
64
Figure 1.0 – Testing of Concrete Cubes Figure 2.0 – Curing of Concrete Cubes
Table 2.0 – Compressive Strength of Concrete (OPC-43 grade) N/mm2
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
Percentage of Super Plasticizer
0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2%
0 42.22 44.48 42.23 35.56 28.85
10 42.24 44.24 42.80 37.70 28.28
20 41.33 43.50 40.80 35.45 31.12
30 39.12 41.30 40.50 36.80 28.66
40 38.60 41.26 39.60 37.30 29.73
50 38.46 40.00 39.46 37.05 29.60
100 37.03 39.05 38.75 36.78 28.83
Figure 3: Compressive Strength (OPC-43 grade) of Quarry Dust Concrete with Respect to
Percentage Replacement.

5. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
65
Table 3.0 – Compressive Strength of Concrete (PPC-43 grade) N/mm2
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
Percentage of Super Plasticizer
0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2%
0 41.20 45.48 42.80 33.56 26.85
10 40.00 43.50 42.56 38.70 29.12
20 38.48 42.24 41.02 34.45 30.28
30 38.18 41.90 41.55 35.80 28.62
40 37.14 41.16 40.60 36.30 27.43
50 36.67 40.18 38.46 38.05 30.57
100 36.00 39.33 39.75 35.78 28.45
Figure 4: Compressive Strength (PPC-43 grade) of Quarry Dust Concrete with Respect to
Percentage Replacement.
Tensile Strength Test: Split tensile strength of concrete is usually found by testing plain concrete
cylinders. Cylinder of size 150 mm x 300 mm were used to determine the split tensile strength. After
curing, the specimens were tested for 28 days split tensile strength using a calibrated compression
testing machine of 2000kN capacity.
Table 4.0 – Split Tensile Strength of Concrete (OPC-43 grade) N/mm2
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
Percentage of Super Plasticizer
0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2%
0 5.00 4.95 4.90 4.88 4.20
10 4.90 4.83 4.86 4.67 4.57
20 4.95 4.85 4.80 4.79 4.38
30 4.65 4.78 4.75 4.38 4.41
40 4.57 4.67 4.63 4.75 4.53
50 4.53 4.57 4.50 4.45 3.40
100 4.48 4.55 4.43 4.39 4.32

6. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
66
Figure 5: Split Tensile Strength (OPC-43 grade) of Quarry Dust Concrete with Respect to
Percentage Replacement.
Table 5.0 – Split Tensile Strength of Concrete (PPC-43 grade) N/mm2
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
Percentage of Super Plasticizer
0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2%
0 4.95 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.20
10 4.80 4.78 4.80 4.65 4.50
20 4.90 4.85 4.78 4.75 4.35
30 4.60 4.75 4.70 4.37 4.50
40 4.53 4.63 4.65 4.45 4.40
50 4.50 4.53 4.50 4.41 4.30
100 4.40 4.50 4.47 4.35 4.24
Figure 6: Split Tensile Strength (PPC-43 grade) of Quarry Dust Concrete with Respect to
Percentage Replacement.

7. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 61-67 © IAEME
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VI. CONCLUSION
Based on this experimental investigation, it is found that quarry dust can be used as an
alternative material to the natural river sand. The physical and chemical properties of quarry dust
satisfy the requirements of fine aggregate. It is found that quarry dust improves its mechanical
property of concrete if used along with super plasticizer. Based on the results of the experiments and
analysis of results, the following conclusions, seem to be valid.
1. From compressive test results is observed that the strength increases with increase in dosage of
plasticizers up to 1.0% in both OPC and PPC cement. The increase in strength at 0.5% dosage
of super plasticizer is around 5.35%.
2. The increase in dosage of super plasticizer beyond 0.5% decreases the compressive strength
drastically by about 31.60% at 2.0% dosage of super plasticizer.
3. The compressive strength varies with the percentage replacement of quarry dust, it is observed
that the strength attained at 30% replacement at 0.5% dosage of super plasticizer, the increase
in strength is around 5.06% at 0.4 water-cement ratio.
4. The split tensile strength decreases with increase in percentage of quarry dust and also with
increase in dosage of super plasticizer. For 0.4 water-cement ratio, at 30% replacement of
quarry dust at 0.5% super plasticizer the decrease in strength is 4.4% for both OPC and PPC
cement concrete.
5. The non availability of fine aggregate and mines lobby can be avoided.
6. Waste utilization making it more environmental friendly.
7. Utilization of stone waste and its application are used for the development of the construction
industry, material sciences.
8. It is the possible alternative solution for safe disposal of stone waste.
VII. REFERENCES
1. Anitha selva Sofia S.D., Gayathri R., SwathiG, and Prince arulraj G.”Experimental
Investigation on quarry dust concrete with chemical admixture”, International Journal of
Latest Research in Science and Technology, ISSN (Online):2278-5299, Volume 2, Issue 2:
Page No.91-94. March - April (2013)
2. Ankit Nileshchandra Patel and Jayeshkumar Pitroda, an exploration study on stone waste as
foregoing alternatives for green concrete, International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Research and Studies /Vol. II/ Issue III/April-June, 2013/35-38.
3. Hangovan.R, Nsgsmsni.K and Kumarasamy.K, “Studies on strength and behavior of concrete
by using crushed rock dust as fine aggregate”, Civil Engineering and Construction Review,
October 2006, PP. 924-932.
4. Sivakumar A and Prakash M. ”Characteristic studies on the mechanical properties of quarry
dust addition in conventional concrete. in the Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction
Technology Vol. 2(10), pp. 218-235, ISSN 2141-2634, October 2011.
5. Ilangovana. R, Mahendrana .N, and Nagamanib .K. Strength and durability properties of
concrete containing quarry rock dust as fine aggregate. in the ARPN Journal of Engineering
and Applied Sciences Vol. 3, No. 5, ISSN 1819-6608, pp. 20-26.
6. IS 456: 2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of practice.
7. IS 10262: 2009, Concrete mix proportioning-guideline
8. Harish.L, “The Permeability and Indirect Tensile Strength Characteristics of Porous Asphalt
Mixes” International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 5, Issue
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