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Comparative analysis for higher channel isolation using single
1.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 497 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR HIGHER CHANNEL ISOLATION USING SINGLE FBG FILTER AND TWO FBG FILTER CONNECTED ONE AFTER ONE FOR HIGH DENSE WDM SYSTEM Mr. Manish saxena1, Dr.Anubhuti Khare2 , Mr.Amit R.Mahire3 1 Assist. Prof.(EC Dept.) Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal 2 Associate Prof. (EC Dept.) UIT RGPV, Bhopal 3 PG student at Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal ABSTRACT The high dense WDM system is used with bandwidth utilization using high data rates and low channel spacing. But the in High dense WDM system because of high data rates the channel interference occurs and due to which crosstalk occurs and the signal get distorts. To avoid such problems we can use fiber bragg grating filter. The high data rates range is minimum 2.5 Gbits/s to maximum 40 Gbits/s for channel spacing 200Ghz, 100Ghz, 50 Ghz, 25 GHz for this paper. We used minimum data rate 2.5 Gbits/s and maximum data rates 10.52 Gbits/s for low channel spacing. We carried two simulation using simulation software optisystem 10.0 for haigh data rates and low channel spacing to get higher channel isolation in High dense WDM system. To get high channel isolation we use FBG filter which includes three different apodization profile like uniform apodization profile, Gaussian apodization profile and Tanh (hyperbolic Tangent) profile. In first simulation we used single FBG filter including all these three apodization profile and in second simulation we used two FBG filter including all these three apodization profile in which Gaussian apodization profile is best for 10.52 Gbits/s data rates for 100 Ghz channel spacing. Keywords: Fiber Bragg Grating, High Dense WDM System, Apodization profiles, Data Rates, Channel Isolation, Bandwidth. I. INTRODUCTION The high data rates and low channel spacing is used in high dens WDM system for bandwidth saving [1,2].In WDM system channel interference i.e. crosstalk is occurred due to which singnal get distort. The high data rates and low channel spacing is used for 5The high INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April, 2013, pp. 497-503 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8896 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJECET © I A E M E
2.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 498 data rates and low channel spacing is used for making consistency in amplitude and phase of the transmitting signal of WDM system [1,2]. Ihe range of high data rates is 2.5 Gbits/s to 40 Gbits/s and low channel spacing range is 200 Ghz,100 Ghz,50Ghz,25Ghz is used for high dense WDM system [1,2,3]. The data rates used here are 2.5 Gbits/s and 10.52 Gbits/s.We used fiber bragg grating filter for higher channel isolation.FBG has characteristics to reflect desired wavelength of signal and transmit other wavelength of signal. In this paper we have used three different apodization profile in FBG filter for high channel isolation for different bandwidth -3 db to -20db level. There is higher suppression of side lobes [1,2,3]. II. SYSTEM SIMULATION SETUP In this paper we have used two different simulation programs where different apodization and low channel spacing is used for hifher channel isolation.In first simulation we simulate high dense WDM system. The whole system consists of transmitter,WDM mux and WDM demux,optical fiber of 40 km length,the single mode fiber has a large core effective area 80 µm2 , attenuation α = 0.2 dB/km, and dispersion 16 ps/nm/km at the reference wavelength λ =1550 nm,FBG filter having three different apodization profile,optical reciver filter has cut off frequency of 0.75x bit rate in hz The transmitter shown in figure no.1 is WDM transmitter has 8 no.of output ports,frequency of 1550 nm,frequency spacing is 200 Ghz, 100 Ghz, 50 Ghz, 25 Ghz,power is 4 dbm and modulation type for data stream is NRZ.The receiver has PIN photodetector then visulizers are used like optical spectrum analyzer,Eye diagram analyzer,BER analyzer.The output of the WDM transmitter is connected to optical fiber having length 40 km thorough which NRZ modulated signal get passed, the data rate for transmitting the signal is 2.5 Gbits/s or 10.52 Gbits/s and it pass through FBG filter,the FBG filter having three different apodization profiles like uniform apodization ptofile,Gaussian apodization profile,Tanh (hyperbolic tangent) profile,the output of the FBG filter is fed to the PIN photodetector which convert light signal into electrical signal,the visulizers are used to check or show the result shown in following figure no.1.[1,2,6,7] Figure 1- Simulation scheme with WDM transmitter, NRZ pulse generator with different transmission speed 2.5 Gbits/s and 10.52 Gbits/s
3.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 499 In second simulation we simulates same high dense WDM system with two FBG filter connected back to back to each other in which first FBG filter has uniform apodization profile and second FBG has all three apodization profile like uniform apodization profile,Gaussian apodization profile and Tanh (hyperbolic Tangent) profile.The system transmitter shown in figure no.2 is having 4 channels with some non linear effects such as self phase modulation, cross phase modulation, Four wave mixing. The transmitter includes user define data stream connect to NRZ pulse generator which provides NRZ modulation of data stream and NRZ modulated data is passed through Mach-Zehnder modulator and continuous wavelength laser source with 4 dbm power connected to another terminal of external Mach-Zehnder modulator. The data source produces data with data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s or 10.52 Gbit/s bit stream, which is to be transfer through multiplexer then optical fiber of 40The single mode fiber has a large core effective area 80 µm2 , attenuation α = 0.2 dB/km, and dispersion 16 ps/nm/km at the reference wavelength λ =1550 nm and thensignal is passed through demultiplxer,and output of demultiplxer is fed to two FBG filter which are connected back to back each other then signal is given to receiver which consists of PIN photodetecor,low pass Bessel filter and visulizers like optical spectrum analyzer,Eye diagram analyzer,BER analyzer. In this way we get optical pulse of all four channels. Which are then combine with power combiner and send via single mode fiber. [1,2,6,7]. Figure 2- Four channel simulation scheme with N RZ pulse generator and different transmission speed 2.5 Gbit/s and 10.52Gbit III. RESULTS In our simulator we have used FBG filter having three different apodization profiles for channel spacing 200 Ghz, 100 Ghz, 50 Ghz, 25 Ghz for data rates 2.5 Gbits/s and 10.52 Gbits/s.we study comparatively by using single FBG filter having three different apodization profiles for all four channel spacing and two FBG filter connected back to back to each other in which first FBG filter has common uniform apodization profile and in second FBG filter has all three apodization profiles afor all four channel spacing.The FBG filter reflect desired signal and transmit all other.we have
4.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 500 used c visualizers like optical spectrum analyzer, Bit Error Rate analyzer for checking the results.we have got eye diagram,power vs wavelength graph,BER graph in both simulation for data rates of 2.5 Gbit/s or 10.52 Gbit/s and channel spacing.We compared the results of channel spacing of 200 Ghz and 100 Ghz for data rates 2.5 Gbits and 10.52 Gbits/s by using single FBG filter and two FBG filters connected back to back to each other.In case of first simulation for 2.5 Gbits/s the speed performance is better for uniform apodization profile,tanh apodization profile than Gaussian apodization profile because bit error rate are zero and higher quality factor for 200 Ghz and 100 Ghz channel spacing but the data rate of transmitting of data is very low it is 2.5 Gbits/s and BER is less for both channel spacing i.e 200 Ghz and 100 Ghz.From simulation results of of 10.52 Gbits /s data rates we observed that the speed performance is better in uniform apodization profile because of lower BER values than other two apodization profile i.e. Gaussian apodization profile and Tanh ( hyperbolic tangent) apodization profile.But in uniform apodization profile the bit error rate values are less for 200 Ghz channel spacing than 100 Ghz channel spacing which shows that there is no higher channel isolation in uniform apodization profile due to 200 Ghz which is higher frequency channel spacing than 100 Ghz it is same for Tanh (hyperbolic tangent) apodization profile i.e BER values are less in 200 Ghz channel spacing than 100 Ghz channel spacing and for Gaussian apodization profile the BER values are less in 100 Ghz channel spacing than 200 Ghz which is shown in table no.1 and figure no.3 channel but Gaussian apodization profiles BER values are higher in first simulation when single FBG filter is used and Gaussian apodization profile BER values are less in second simulation when two FBG filters are connected back to back each other [1]. Table-1-Bit Error Rate for 10.52 Gbits/s of channel spacing 100 GHZ & 200 GHZ Figure 3- Bit Error Rate for 10.52 Gbits/s for 100 GHZ and 200Ghz channel spacing for Uniform apodization Channel Spacing Uniform Gaussian Tanh 100 GHZ 3.40822e-010 7.90849e-005 4.49800e-010 200 GHZ 3.10658e-10 8.10317e-005 4.11891e-010
5.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 501 Figure 4- 10.52 Gbit/s data rate WDM system with optical spectrum of second channel at 100 GHZ channel spacing FBG filter with Gaussian apodization profile and the second channel eye diagram BER = 7.90849e-005 The second simulation method is best than first simulation method because in second simulation method we used two FBG filter connected back to back each other. In which BER values are less for uniform apodization profile in first FBG filter as well as second FBG filter than other two apodization profile i.e.uniform apodization profile in first and Gaussian and Tanh (hyperbolic tangent) profile in second FBG filter for 2.5 Gbits/s.But the data rate is low i.e 2.5 Gbits and eye diagram is not open properly.10.52 Gbits/s data rate has better results than 2.5 Gbits/s which is shown in table no.2,table no.3 and figure no.5& figure no.6.[1,2]. Table-2-Bit Error Rate for 2.5 Gbits/s of channel spacing 100 GHZ & 200 GHZ Table-3-Bit Error Rate for 10.52 Gbits/s of channel spacing 100 GHZ & 200 GHZ Channel Spacing Uniform Gaussian Tanh 100 GHZ 0.00454676 0.00479342 0.00455023 200 GHZ 0.00460255 0.00496808 0.00460729 Channel Spacing Uniform Gaussian Tanh 100 GHZ 2.0395e-005 1.75349e-005 2.03193e-005 200 GHZ 2.19816e-005 2.0468e-005 2.19594e-005
6.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 502 Figure 5-10.52 Gbit/s data rate WDM system with optical spectrum of second channel at 100 GHZ channel spacing FBG filter with Uniform apodization profile and the second channel eye diagram BER = 2.0395e-005 Figure 6-10.52 Gbit/s data rate WDM system with optical spectrum of second channel at 100 GHZ channel spacing FBG filter with Gaussian apodization profile and the second channel eye diagram BER = 1.75349e-005 We can observed from table no.2 &3 of second simulation in which two FBG filter connected back to back to each other, the bit error rate values of Gaussian apodization profile are less for 10.52 Gbits data rate of 100 Ghz channel spacing than bit error rate values of Uniform apodization profile for 2.5 Gbits/s data rate of 100 Ghz channel spacing and BER values of second simulation for 10.52 Gbits/s of 100 Ghz channel spacing are also less than BER values of first simulation in which single FBG filter is used of 10.52 Gbits/s for 100 Ghz and 200 Ghz channel spacing.Figure 5 & figure 6 shows results for power vs wavelength graph and eye diagram of 10.52 Gbits/s for Uniform apodization profile and Gaussian apodization profile for 100 Ghz channel spacing respectively.From which we can observed that there is higher channel isolation for Gaussain apodization profile with bit rate values 1.75349e-005 as compared to uniform apodization profile with bit error rates values 2.0395e-005.The Gaussian apodization profile of second simulation where two filter connected back to back to each other has higher channel isolation with BER values 1.75349e- 005 as compared to uniform apodization profile and Gaussian apodization profile with BER values 3.40822e-010,7.90849e-005 respectively for 100 Ghz channel spacing of first simulation where single FBG filter is used.[1,2].
7.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME 503 IV. CONCLUSION We can conclude from simulation results of both simulation method ,the simulation mehod 2 is best than simulation method 1.The simulation method second has two FBG filter which are connected back to back to each other and in first FBG has common uniform apodization profile and in second FBG filter all three apodization profile like uniform apodization profile,Gaussian apodization profile and Tanh (hyperbolic Tangent) profile are used one after for channel spacing 200 Ghz, 100 Ghz, 50 Ghz, 25 Ghz for 2.5 Gbis/s and 10.52 Gbits/s data rates and in first simulation method we used WDM transmitter and single FBG filter which includes all three apodization profile like apodization profile,Gaussian apodization profile and Tanh (hyperbolic Tangent) profile are used one after for channel spacing 200 Ghz, 100 Ghz, 50 Ghz, 25 Ghz for 2.5 Gbis/s and 10.52 Gbits/s data rates.We got high channel isolation in second simulation method for Gaussian apodization profile because of lower bit error rate values and higher side lobe reduction because of using two FBG filter connected back to back to each other for 10.52 Gbits/s data rate of 100 Ghz channel spacing as compared to Uniform apodization profile & Gaussian apodization profile with higher bit error rates values of first simulation method for 10.52 Gbits/s data rate of 100 Ghz channel spacing. REFERENCES 1] Manish Saxena, Dr.Anubuti Khare, Amit Mahire“High Channel Isolation Using Two FBG Filter Connected Back to Back For High Dense WDM System.” Published in “International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology” ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan - March 2013 [2] O. Ozoli , . Ivanovs Realization of ptimal FBG Band–Pass Filters for High Speed DWDM Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 2009. No. 4(92) ISSN 1392 – 1215 [3] Agrawal G. Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Third Edition) //Academic Press. – 2001. [4] Pfennigbauer M., Winzer P. J. Choice of MUX/DEMUX filter characteristics for N R Z , R Z , and CSRZ DWDM systems Light wave Technology. – 2006. –No. 24(4), - P. 1689 – 1696 [5] Phing H.S., Ali J., Rahman R.A. and Tahir B.A. Fiber Bragg grating modeling, simulation and characteristics with different grating length, Journal of Fundamental Sciences– 2007. – No.3. – P. 167-175 [6] Kashyap R. Fiber Bragg grating // Academic Press. – 1999. [7] Bobrovs V., Ivanovs G. Parameter Evaluation of a Dense Optical Network Electronics and Electrical Engineering. –2006. – No.4 (25). – P. 33-37. [8] Prof. J. R. Pathan, Prof. A. R. Teke, Prof. M. A. Parjane and Prof. P.S. Togrikar, “Dropping Based Contention Resolution for Service Differentiation to Provide Qos in WDM Obs Networks”, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 218 - 228, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6375.