This document discusses a proposed design for a wideband compact microstrip antenna using a finite ground plane. The design uses a modified square patch with corner cuts and slits to achieve a bandwidth of 37.47% around a center frequency of 4.35GHz. Simulation results show the antenna achieves good impedance matching and radiation characteristics for wireless communication applications.

1. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET),
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Special Issue (November, 2013), © IAEME
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IJECET
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Wideband Compact MSA using Finite Ground
Alok Agarwal1, P K Singhal2
1Shri
Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India,
of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, M.P., India,
2Department
1alokagarwal26@yahoo.com, 2pks_65@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Compact microstrip patch antenna using finite ground is proposed in this paper
for wide band operation. Modified square shape microstrip patch antenna using finite ground
plane is used to achieve wideband by corner cut and inserting slits inside the edges of the
radiating patch. The obtained impedance bandwidth for 10 dB return loss is coming out to be
37.47 % (1630 MHz) of the center frequency at 4.35 GHz. Compact size and wide bandwidth of
this antenna is practically applicable for the wireless communication systems.
KEYWORDS: Bandwidth, finite ground, impedance loci, return loss, wideband.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Conventional microstrip patch antenna in general have a conducting patch printed on a
grounded substrate and have the attractive features of low profile, light weight, easy
fabrication and conformability to mounting. However, microstrip antennas inherently have a
narrow bandwidth and bandwidth enhancement is usually demanded for practical applications
in wireless communication. The size reduction and bandwidth enhancement are major design
considerations for practical applications of microstrip antenna. For this reason, studies to
achieve compact and broad band operations of microstrip antennas have greatly increased [4].
Microstrip patch antennas are widely implemented in many commercial applications of
wireless communication. Microstrip patch antennas are manufactured using printed circuit
technology, so that mass production can be achieved at a low cost.
Compact microstrip patch antennas have recently received much attention due to the
increasing demand of small antennas for mobile and wireless communications equipment. For
achieving microstrip antennas with a reduced size at a fixed operating frequency, the use of a
high-permittivity substrate is an effective method. By using finite ground plane the impedance
bandwidth and antenna efficiency can be enhanced. The antenna’s ground plane can be
meandered by inserting several meandering slits at its edges or slot can be introduced at the
ground plane. The obtained impedance bandwidth for a compact design with a meandered
ground plane can be greater than that of the corresponding conventional microstrip antenna
[3]. The electromagnetic simulation of the proposed antenna has been carried out using IE3D
International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS-2013)
B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET), Pilani, India
October 18-20, 2013
Page 110

2. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET),
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Special Issue (November, 2013), © IAEME
software of Zeland software. Return loss, smith chart, directivity, efficiency etc. are being
evaluated using IE3D software.
II.
ANTENNA DESIGN AND RESULTS
In this patch antenna design, an effort has been made to enhance the bandwidth due to
modified square micro strip patch antenna with square slot loaded finite ground plane. The 50ohm coaxial cable with SMA connector is used for feeding the microstrip patch antenna. Fig. 1
shows the front view of modified square microstrip patch antenna with slot loaded finite
ground plane of antenna design. In this antenna design, with center frequency f0 = 4.35 GHz
within the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz, step frequency = 0.01 GHz, In this modified square
patch antenna design, length of patch L = 30 mm, width of patch W = 30 mm, with slot loaded
finite ground plane of the dimension L = 45 mm and W = 45 mm and square slot of dimensions
10 mm × 10 mm at the centre position, feed point locations at the patch is (10.85,-12). Fig. 2
shows the back view of modified square patch antenna with slot loaded finite ground plane of
antenna design. Fig. 3 shows the variation of return loss with frequency for antenna design; the
impedance bandwidth is taken from the 10-dB return loss. Fig. 4 shows the variation of
directivity (in dBi) with frequency for antenna design. Fig. 5 shows the variation of efficiency
with frequency for antenna design. Fig. 6 shows the radiation pattern for antenna design at the
center frequency 4.35 GHz. Fig. 7 shows the Impedance loci (Smith chart) for antenna design.
At resonance frequency 4.35 GHz, the simulated input impedance of antenna is in good
agreement with the 50 ohms impedance. Here due to modified square micro strip patch
antenna with finite ground plane of this antenna design; the impedance bandwidth,
determined from the 10-dB return loss, is coming out to be 37.47 % (1630 MHz) of the center
frequency at 4.35 GHz. Bandwidth for the proposed antenna design is sufficiently high and
other radiation characteristics are also satisfactory.
Fig. 1: Front view of modified square microstrip patch antenna with slot loaded finite ground
International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS-2013)
B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET), Pilani, India
October 18-20, 2013
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3. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET),
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Special Issue (November, 2013), © IAEME
Fig. 2: Back view of modified square microstrip patch antenna with slot loaded finite ground
Fig. 3: Variation of return loss with frequency for proposed antenna design
Fig. 4: Variation of directivity with frequency for proposed antenna design
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B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET), Pilani, India
October 18-20, 2013
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4. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET),
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Special Issue (November, 2013), © IAEME
Fig. 5: Variation of Efficiency with frequency for proposed antenna design.
Fig. 6: Radiation Pattern for antenna design at center frequency f0 = 4.35 GHz
Fig. 7: Impedance loci for proposed antenna design
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B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET), Pilani, India
October 18-20, 2013
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5. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET),
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Special Issue (November, 2013), © IAEME
III.
CONCLUSION
The simulation result of the proposed antenna has been carried out by using IE3D software.
For modified square shape microstrip patch antenna using finite ground, by corner cut and
inserting slits inside the edges of the radiating patch, the obtained impedance bandwidth for 10
dB return loss is coming out to be 37.47 % (1630 MHz) of the center frequency at 4.35 GHz,
other radiation characteristics are also optimized, which is very good agreement for wireless
communication systems.
REFERENCES
[1] Milligan, T. A., “Modern Antenna Design”, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2005.
[2] Garg, R., P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, Artech
House, Boston, London, 2001.
[3] Wong, K. L., “Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antenna”, John Wiley & Sones, New York,
2002.
[4] Kumar, G. and K. P. Ray, “Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House, USA, 2003.
[5] Pozar, D.M. and D.H.Schaubert, Microstrip Antennas: The Analysis and Design of Microstrip
Antennas and Arrays, New York: IEEE Press, 1995.
[6] C.A.Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design. 3rd ed., Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley,
2005
[7] Ray, K. P., S. Ghosh, and K. Nirmala, “Multilayer multi resonator circular microstrip
antennas for broadband and dualband operations,” Microwave and Optical Technology
Letters, Vol. 47, No. 5, 489–494, Dec. 2005.
[8] Ghassemi, N., M. H. Neshati, and J. Rashed-Mohassel, “A multilayer multiresonator aperture
coupled microstrip antenna for ultra wideband operations,” Proc. IEEE Applied
Electromagnetic Conference 2007, Kolkata, India, December 19–20, 2007.
[9] Zehforoosh, Y., C. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, “Antenna design for ultra wideband applications
using a new multilayer structure,” PIER Online, Vol. 2, No. 6, 544–549, 2006.
[10] Kim, T., J. Choi, and J. S. Jeon, “Design of a wideband microstrip array antenna for PCS and
IMT-2000 service,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 30, No. 4, 261–265, Aug.
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BIOGRAPHY
Alok Agarwal received his B.Tech degree in Electronics from Bhilai
Institute of Technology, Durg, Raipur University, India, in 1996, M.Tech
degree in Digital Communication from U.P. Technical University, Lucknow,
India, in 2009. Presently he is working as an Associate Professor in the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lingaya’s
University, Faridabad, India. He is having total experience of more than 15
years in teaching Electronics and Communication Engineering. His research
interest includes digital communication, microwave communication etc.
Presently, he is pursuing PhD from JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan,
India. He is engaged in increasing the bandwidth of a microstrip patch antenna using different
design considerations, which is very much demanding in mobile and wireless communications.
International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS-2013)
B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET), Pilani, India
October 18-20, 2013
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