January 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its Applications

Network Security and
Its Applications
Top 10 Read Articles
in January 2021
International Journal of Network Security &
Its Applications (IJNSA)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijnsa.html
ISSN: 0974 - 9330 (Online); 0975 - 2307 (Print)

SECURITY & PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN
INTERNET OF THINGS
Faheem Masoodi1
Shadab Alam2
and Shams Tabrez Siddiqui2
1
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, J&k, India 2
Department of Computer
Science, Jazan University, KSA
ABSTRACT
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the
concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also
facilitating interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in
1999 but has drawn significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new
devices are being integrated into the system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but
also poses some severe queries about security and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible
to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most significant concerns of IoT is to provide
security assurance for the data exchange because data is vulnerable to some attacks by the
attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where each layer provides a
service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different purpose. This
paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks have
been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
KEYWORDS
Internet of Things, privacy, attacks, security, threats, protocols.
For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V11N2/11219ijnsa05.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa19_current.html

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A CONCEPTUAL SECURE BLOCKCHAIN- BASED ELECTRONIC
VOTING SYSTEM
Ahmed Ben Ayed
Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado Technical University, Colorado
Springs, Colorado, USA
ABSTRACT
Blockchain is offering new opportunities to develop new types of digital services. While research
on the topic is still emerging, it has mostly focused on the technical and legal issues instead of
taking advantage of this novel concept and creating advanced digital services. In this paper, we
are going to leverage the open source Blockchain technology to propose a design for a new
electronic voting system that could be used in local or national elections. The Blockchain-based
system will be secure, reliable, and anonymous, and will help increase the number of voters as
well as the trust of people in their governments.
KEYWORDS
Blockchain, Electronic Voting System, e-Voting, I-Voting, iVote
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V9N3/9317ijnsa01.pdf

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AUTHORS
Ahmed Ben Ayed, has received his Bachelor of Science in Computer Information Systems,
Master of Science in Cyber Security and Information Assurance, and currently a doctoral student
at Colorado Technical University, and an Adjunct Professor at California Takshila University.
His research interests are Android Security, Pattern Recognition of Malicious Applications,
Machine Learning, Cryptography, Information & System Security and Cyber Security.

MINING PATTERNS OF SEQUENTIAL MALICIOUS APIS TO DETECT MALWARE
Abdurrahman Pektaş1
, Elif Nurdan Pektaş2
and Tankut Acarman1
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Galatasaray University, İstanbul, Turkey 2
Siemens
Turkey, Yakack Caddesi No: 111, 34870 Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey
ABSTRACT
In the era of information technology and connected world, detecting malware has been a major
security concern for individuals, companies and even for states. The New generation of malware
samples upgraded with advanced protection mechanism such as packing, and obfuscation
frustrate anti-virus solutions. API call analysis is used to identify suspicious malicious behavior
thanks to its description capability of a software functionality. In this paper, we propose an
effective and efficient malware detection method that uses sequential pattern mining algorithm to
discover representative and discriminative API call patterns. Then, we apply three machine
learning algorithms to classify malware samples. Based on the experimental results, the proposed
method assures favorable results with 0.999 F-measure on a dataset including 8152 malware
samples belonging to 16 families and 523 benign samples.
KEYWORDS
Android, Malware, Frequent Sequence Mining, Behavioural Pattern, API Calls, Dynamic
Analysis

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AUTHORS
Abdurrahman Pektaş received his B.Sc. and M Sc. at Galatasaray University
and his PhD at the University of Joseph Fourier, all in computer engineering, in
2009, 2012 and 2015, respectively. He is a senior researcher at Galatasaray
University. His research interests are analysis, detection and classification of
malicious software, machine learning and security analysis tool development.

Elif Nurdan Pektaş received his B.Sc. and M Sc. at Galatasaray University all
in computer engineering, in 2010, and 2014, respectively. She is leading
software developer at Siemens Turkey. Her research interests are developing
IoT based applications, deep learning, cloud based application and automated
testing.
Tankut Acarman received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer
engineering from the Ohio State University in 2002. He is professor and head of
computer engineering department at Galatasaray University in Istanbul, Turkey.
His research interests lie along all aspects of autonomous s ystems, intelligent
vehicle technologies and security. He is the co-author of the book entitled
“Autonomous Ground.

PLEDGE: A POLICY-BASED SECURITY PROTOCOL FOR PROTECTING
CONTENT ADDRESSABLE STORAGE ARCHITECTURES
Wassim Itani Ayman Kayssi Ali Chehab
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
American University of Beirut
Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
ABSTRACT
In this paper we present PLEDGE, an efficient and scalable security ProtocoL for protecting
fixedcontent objects in contEnt aDdressable storaGe (CAS) architEctures. PLEDGE follows an
end-to-end policy-driven security approach to secure the confidentiality, integrity, and
authenticity of fixed-content entities over the enterprise network links and in the nodes of the
CAS device. It utilizes a customizable and configurable extensible mark-up language (XML)
security policy to provide flexible, multi-level, and fine-grained encryption and hashing
methodologies to fixed content CAS entities. PLEDGE secures data objects based on their
content and sensitivity and highly overcomes the performance of bulk and raw encryption
protocols such as the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and the Transport Layer Security (TLS)
protocols. Moreover, PLEDGE transparently stores sensitive objects encrypted (partially or
totally) in the CAS storage nodes without affecting the CAS storage system operation or
performance and takes into consideration the processing load, computing power, and memory
capabilities of the client devices which may be constrained by limited processing power, memory
resources, or network connectivity. PLEDGE complies with regulations such as the Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements and the SEC Rule 17a-4
financial standards. The protocol is implemented in a real CAS network using an EMC Centera
backend storage device. The application secured by PLEDGE in the sample implementation is an
X-Ray radiography scanning system in a healthcare network environment. The experimental test
bed implementation conducted shows a speedup factor of three over raw encryption security
mechanisms.
KEYWORDS
Security, Content-addressable storage security, Policy-driven security, Customizable security.
For More Details : http://airccse.org/journal/nsa/1010s8.pdf

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AN INTELLECT LEARNING ON E-MAIL SECURITY AND FRAUD, SPAM AND
PHISHING
Dr.P.S.Jagadeesh Kumar1
, Dr.S.Meenakshi Sundaram2
, Mr.Ranjeet kumar3
1, 2, 3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Don Bosco Institute of Technology,
Kumbalagodu, Bangalore, India – 560074.
ABSTRACT
Cybercrime has grown voluminous pleats with veneration to the development of first-hand
technology. The flout towards cybercrime has become todays prime centric with developing
countries frugality as well. Nonetheless hefty figure of security and privacy available with
modern expertise; phishing, spam and email fraud are more equally exasperating. In this intellect
learning, the authors’ primary interest is to make a healthy charge on phishing, spam and email
fraud towards the wealthy personal information and realm. Official and business related
information needs added exhaustive sanctuary and discretion from the hackers to be on the top in
their one-to-one arena.
KEYWORDS
Cybercrime, Phishing, Spam, Email fraud, Security and Privacy, Intellect learning.
For More Details : http://airccse.org/journal/nsa/7515nsa03.pdf

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AUTHORS
Dr.P.S.Jagadesh Kumar, Professor in the Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bengaluru has 16 years
of teaching experience, including 6 year of research experience in the field of
received his B.E. degree from University of Madras in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering discipline in the year 1999. He obtained his M.E
degree in 2004 with specialization in Computer Science and Engineering from
Annamalai University Ph.D. from Anna University, Chennai.
Dr.S.Meenakshi Sundaram is working as Professor and Head in the
Department of Computer Science and Engineering at India. He obtained
Bachelor Degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Bharathidasan
University in 1989. He obtained his M.Tech from National Institute of
Technology, Tiruchirappalli in 2006 and Ph.D. in Computer Science &
Engineering from Anna University Chennai in 2014. He has presented 3 papers
in International Conferences and published 17 papers in International Journals.
Mr.Ranjeet Kumar is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of
Computer Science & Engineering at Don Bosco Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru 560074. He has completed Bachelor of engineering in electrical &
electronics engineering from Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka in
2001. He has also completed his Master of Technology in Computer Science &
Engineering from Visveswaraya Technological University, Belgaum,
Karnataka in 2010.

ARCHITECTURE FOR INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM WITH FAULT TOLERANCE
USING MOBILE AGENT
Chintan Bhatt1
, Asha Koshti2
,Hemant Agrawal3
, Zakiya Malek4
, Dr Bhushan Trivedi5
MCA Dept.,GLS Institute of Computer Technology, Ahmedabad, India
ABSTRACT
This paper is a survey of the work, done for making an IDS fault tolerant. Architecture of IDS
that uses mobile Agent provides higher scalability. Mobile Agent uses Platform for detecting
Intrusions using filter Agent, co-relater agent, Interpreter agent and rule database. When server
(IDS Monitor) goes down, other hosts based on priority takes Ownership. This architecture uses
decentralized collection and analysis for identifying Intrusion. Rule sets are fed based on user-
behaviour or application behaviour. This paper suggests that intrusion detection system (IDS)
must be fault tolerant; otherwise, the intruder may first subvert the IDS then attack the target
system at will.
KEYWORDS
Fault tolerance, Mobile Agent, Intrusion Detection System

REFERENCES
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Addison-Wesley.
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Engineering
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AUTHORS
Chintan Bhatt
MCA, SEM-5 Student GLSICT, Ahmedabad , India
Research Area :- Network Security
Asha Koshti
Hemant Agrwal
Zakiya Malek
Assistant Professor, GLSICT, Ahmedabad , India
Dr. Bhushan Trivedi
Ditrector, GLSICT, Ahmedabad , India

IOT AND SECURITY-PRIVACY CONCERNS: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING STUDY
Moussa WITTI and Dimitri KONSTANTAS
Information Science Institute University of Geneva Route de Drize 7, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
The increase of smart devices has accelerated sensitive data exchange on the Internet using most
of the time unsecured channels. Since a massive use of RFID (Radio-frequency Identification)
tags in the transportation and construction industries from 1980 to 1990, with the expanded use
of the Internet with 2G/3G or 4G since 2000, we are witnessing a new era of connected objects.
A huge number of heterogeneous sensors may collect and dispatch sensitive data from an
endpoint to worldwide network on the Internet. Privacy concerns in IOT remain important issues
in the research. In this paper, we aim to evaluate current research state related to privacy and
security in IOT by identifying existing approaches and publications trends. Therefore, we have
conducted a systematic mapping study using automated searches from selected relevant
academics databases. The result of this mapping highlights research type and contribution in
different facets and research activities trends in the topic of “security and privacy” in IoT edge,
cloud and fog environment.
KEYWORDS
Internet of Thing, privacy, security, the mapping study

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AUTHORS
Moussa WITTI is a consulting engineer and IT architect in the R&D. He is
advising bank and insurance firms in content and data management. He has
more than 13 years of IT application development and deployment experience.
He has obtained an MBA from Toulouse Business School and master
Research in Computer Science from university of Franche-Comté in Besançon
(FRANCE).
Dimitri KONSTANTAS is Professor at the University of Geneva (CH) and
director of the . He has been active since 1987 in research in the areas of
Object Oriented systems, agent technologies, and mobile health systems, with
numerous publications in international conferences and journals. His current
interests are Mobile Services and Applications with special focus in the well-
being services for elderly and information security. Professor D. Konstantas
has a long participation in European research and industrial projects and is
consultant and expert to several European companies and governments.

STEGANALYSIS ALGORITHM FOR PNG IMAGES BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC
TECHNIQUE
Jawaher alqahtani, Daniyal Alghazzawi1
and Li Cheng2
1
Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
ABSTRACT
Embedding a message in media files, also known as steganography, is a common approach to
hide secret information. It has been exploited by some criminals to confidentially exchange
messages. As a countermeasure, tools have been developed in order to detect hidden information
form digital media such as text, image, audio or video files. However the efficiency and
performance of previous approaches still have room for improvement. In this research, we focus
on algorithm design for better efficiency of hidden message detection from PNG files. We
employ three classic AI approaches including neural network, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm
and evaluate their efficiency and performance in controlled experiments. Finally we introduce
our message detection system for PNG files based on LSB approach and present its usability in
different case scenarios.
KEYWORDS
Steganography, Steganalysis, Artificial Intelligence, fuzzy logic.

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1-16, 2015.

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[27] J. Green, I. Levstein, C. R. J. Boggs, and T. Fenger, "Steganography Analysis: Efficacy
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[41] S. Bakhshandeh, J. R. Jamjah, and B. Z. Azami, "Blind Image Steganalysis based on
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A PLAIN IMAGE DEPENDENT IMAGE ENCRYPTION SCHEME USING HALF PIXEL
LEVEL INTERCHANGE PERMUTATION OPERATION
Li Liu, Yucheng Chen and Ruisong Ye
Department of Mathematics, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P. R. China
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a chaos-based image encryption scheme with half-pixel-level interchange
permutation strategy and plain-image dependence is proposed. The proposed image encryption
scheme consists of a confusion process and a diffusion process. In the confusion process, a pixel-
swapping operation between higher bit planes and lower bit planes is employed to replace the
traditional confusion operation. The halfpixel-level interchange permutation strategy between the
higher 4-bit plane part and the lower 4-bit plane part not only improves the conventional
permutation efficiency within the plain-image, but also changes all the pixel gray values. The
system parameters of generalized Arnold map applied for the permutation operation relies on the
plain-image content and consequently can resist chosen-plaintext and knownplaintext attacks
effectively. To enhance the security of the proposed image encryption, one multimodal skew tent
map is utilized to generate pseudo-random gray value sequence for diffusion operation.
Simulations have been carried out thoroughly with comparisons with some other existing image
encryption schemes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image encryption
scheme is highly secure thanks to its large key space and efficient permutation-diffusion
operations.
KEYWORDS
Generalized Arnold map, Interchange permutation, Chaotic system, Multimodal skew tent map,
Image encryption.

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SECURING IEEE 802.11G WLAN USING OPEN VPN AND ITS IMPACT ANALYSIS
Praveen Likhar, Ravi Shankar Yadav and Keshava Rao M
Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO), Bangalore-93, India
ABSTRACT
Like most advances, wireless LAN poses both opportunities and risks. The evolution of wireless
networking in recent years has raised many serious security issues. These security issues are of
great concern for this technology as it is being subjected to numerous attacks. Because of the
free-space radio transmission in wireless networks, eavesdropping becomes easy and
consequently a security breach may result in unauthorized access, information theft, interference
and service degradation. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have emerged as an important
solution to security threats surrounding the use of public networks for private communications.
While VPNs for wired line networks have matured in both research and commercial
environments, the design and deployment of VPNs for WLAN is still an evolving field. This
paper presents an approach to secure IEEE 802.11g WLAN using OpenVPN, a transport layer
VPN solution and its impact on performance of IEEE 802.11g WLAN.
KEYWORDS
WLAN, IEEE 802.11g, VPN, Performance evaluation, Security.

REFERENCES
[1] T. Karygiannis & L. Owens, (2002) “Wireless Network Security 802.11, Bluetooth and
Handheld Devices”, National Institute of technology, Special Publication, pp 800–848.
[2] Y. Zahur & T. A. Yang, (2004) “Wireless LAN Security and Laboratory Designs”, Journal of
Computing Sciences in Colleges, vol. 19, pp 44– 60.
[3] N. Borisov, I. Goldberg & D. Wagner, (2001) “Intercepting Mobile Communications: The
Insecurity of 802.11”, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on
Mobile Computing and Networking.
[4] D. B. Faria & D. R. Cheriton, (2002) “DoS and Authentication in Wireless Public Access
Networks”, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Wireless Security, pp 47–56.
[5] W. A. Arbaugh, N. Shankar, J. Wang & K. Zhang, (2002) “Your 802.11 network has no
clothes”, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine.
[6] S.R. Fluhrer, I. Mantin & A. Shamir, (2001) “Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm
of RC4”, Selected Areas in Cryptography, pp 1–24.
[7] Adam Stubblefield, John Ioannidis & Aviel D. Rubin, (2001) “Using the Fluhrer, Mantin,
and Shamir Attack to Break WEP”, AT&T Labs Technical Report TD-4ZCPZZ.
[8] Jumnit hong & Raid Lemachheche, (2003) “WEP protocol Weaknesses and Vulnerabilities”,
ECE 578 Computer Networks and Security.
[9] OpenVPN, http://openvpn.net/
[10] Praveen Likhar, Ravi Shankar Yadav & Keshava Rao M, (2011) “Performance
Evaluation of Transport Layer VPN on IEEE 802.11g WLAN”, Communications in
Computer and information science, Springer-Verlag, vol. 197, pp 407– 415.
[11] IEEE Std 802.11™-2007 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.11-199)
[12] OpenSSL-The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS, http://www.openssl.org
[13] Aircrack, http://www.aircrack-ng.org/
[14] Airpwn, http://sourceforge.net/projects/airpwn
[15] Airsnarf, http://airsnarf.shmoo.com/
[16] BSD-Airtools, http://www.dachb0den.com/projects/bsd-airtools.html

[17] Dsniff, http://monkey.org/~dugsong/dsniff/
[18] Dstumbler, http://www.dachb0den.com/projects/dstumbler.html
[19] Fake AP, http://www.blackalchemy.to/project/fakeap/
[20] KisMAC, http://binaervarianz.de/projekte/programmieren/kismac/
[21] Kismet, http://www.kismetwireless.net/
[22] MacIdChanger, http://www.codeproject.com/KB/applications/MacIdChanger.aspx
[23] MacStumbler, http://www.macstumbler.com/
[24] Netstumbler, http://www.netstumbler.com/
[25] Wep0ff, http://www.ptsecurity.com/
[26] WEPCrack, http://sourceforge.net/projects/wepcrack
[27] WEPWedgie, http://sourceforge.net/projects/wepwedgie/
[28] Wifitap, http://sid.rstack.org/static/articles/w/i/f/Wifitap_EN_9613.html
[29] TUN-TAP, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP
[30] TUN-TAP FAQ, http://vtun.sourceforge.net/tun/faq.html
[31] E. Stephan, (2005) “IP Performance Metrics (IIPM) Metrics Registry”, RFC 4148.
[32] S. Bradner & J. McQuaid, (2005) “Benchmarking Methodology for Network
Interconnect Devices”, RFC 2544.
[33] G. Almes, S. Kalidindi, & M. Zekauskas (1999) “A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM”,
RFC 2679.
[34] G. Almes, S. Kalidindi, & M. Zekauskas (1999) “One Way Packet Loss Metric for
IPPM”, RFC 2680.
[35] C. Demichelis & P. Chimento, (2002) “IP Packet Delay Variation”, RFC 3393.
[36] M. Feilner (2006) OpenVPN: Building and Integrating Virtual Private Networks, Packt
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