1. Lengo langu ni kufanya
Ndege wa Mbeya
ulimwengu ambamo Kitabu ambacho kimeandikwa
tunsweza kuishi kwa na wanachama wa
amani na vitu vyote asilia. Roots & Shoots Mbeya, Tanzania
My mission is to create
a world where we can live
in harmony with nature.
– Jane Goodall, Founder, Roots & Shoots
Birds of Mbeya
a field guide written by
Roots & Shoots members
in Mbeya Town

2. Shukrani Acknowledgments
Tungependa kutoa shukrani zetu za dhati kwa Barbara Cervone wa Next
Generation Press, Marekani; Gazelle Safari Company ya Mbeya Tanzania;
mra ti bu wa Roots & Shoots Mkoa wa Mbeya Peter Mwamala, mw a n achama
Leonard Bwake, walimu ndugu na marafiki pamoja na wanachama wote
wa Roots & Shots mkoa wa Mbeya waliosaidia kufanikisha uandaaji wa
kijitabu hiki. – Waandishi
We would like to give our thanks to Ba rb a ra Cervone at What Ki d s
Can Do; the Shinnyo-en Foundation in the United States; Gazelle Safari
Company in Mbeya, Tanzania; Carl Cervone of Technoserve; the regional
coordinator of Roots & Shoots in Mbeya, Peter Mwamala, and volunteer
Leon a rd Bwake . And thank you to our dear teach ers , fri en d s , and all
Roots & Shoots mem bers in Mbeya Regi on who hel ped wri te this book.
– The Authors

3. Waandishi Authors Yaliomo Table of Contents
Iganzo Secondary School Utangulizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Agustine Elihudi Introduction
Ande Matthew
Mazingira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ilomba Secondary School About Mbeya
Abdulbhary Bashiru
Kuhusu Ndege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Kasiana Mbeyela
Bird Basics
Esperansa Mfikwa
Devotha Ndunguru Utafiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Our Research
Ivumwe Secondary School
Saimoni Adam Shitalima Maelezo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Shani Musa About the Guide
Ibrahim Mwampyate
Itende Secondary School
Betha Ezekiel
Nasibu Mbwiga
Emanuel Mwakasumi
Meta Secondary School
Said Hamis
Sospeter Kansapa
Emmanueli Esadi Mrutu
Sangu Secondary School
Lulasamu Daudi
Levocatus D Manego
Beatrice Andrew Mwakyembe
Kively J. Njombo
Editor
Genevieve Edens
Roots & Shoots volunteer

4. Utangulizi Introduction
Utangulizi Introduction
Sisi wanafunzi tulishiriki kuandika kitabu hiki. Tu n a s om shule za
a
sekon d a ri mbalimbali kwenye viwango vya O na A, kuanzia umri wa miaka
h adi . Tunaishi Mbeya, Tanzania na sisi sote ni wanachama wa Roo t s
Shoo t s .
Roots Shoots ni progra mu inay-
o husika na el i mu ya mazingi ra , jamii
na wanyama kwa vijana kuanzia shu l e
za msingi mpaka chuo kikuu. Pia
Roots Shoots hutoa nafasi kwa
vijana kukaa pamoja na kutafakari,
kujifunza na kuel ewa mazingi ra na
u husiano wa viu m be vya asili na
jamii. Kwa namna hii Roots Shoo t s
Wanachama waona kikundi cha
inawasaidia vijana kuchukua hatua ngedere kwenye msitu.
za kuboresha dunia kwa bi n ad a mu , Group members spot a troop of
wanyama na mazingi ra . monkeys moving through the forest.
The nineteen students who participated in writing this book are between
the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. We live in Mbeya, Tanzania, where
we study at different schools in both Ordinary (regular secondary) and
Advanced (advanced secondary) levels.
We are all mem bers of Roots Shoo t s . Roots Shoots is the Jane Good a ll
Institute’s global, environmental, and humanitarian program for young
people, with members from nursery school to university and beyond. Its
mission is to fo s ter re s pect and compassion for all living things , to prom o te
understanding of all cultu res and bel i efs, and to inspire each indivi dual to
take acti on to make the world a better place for the envi ron m ent, animals,
and the human community.

5. Utangulizi Introduction
Maeneo tulioyofanyia utafiti ni yafuatavyo: Loleza, Ivumwe, na Songwe.
Vitu tulivyoviona huko ni mapango, vilima, mito, majimoto, chemchem,
misitu, na mashamba. Baadhi ya mimea tuliyoona ni mahindi, maharage
na ngano, pamoja na miti milingoti, pine, maembe, na miti ya asili. Pia
tuliona maua mengi, majani, na majani marefu (ferns). Baadhi ya mifugo
tulioona ni mbuzi, kondoo, punda, ng’ombe, na mabwawa ya samaki.
Pia tuliona wanyama pori kama nyoka, panzi, vipepeo, na ngedere.
The areas where we did research are Loleza, Ivumwe and Songwe. There
we saw caves, mountains, rivers , hot springs, w a ter sources, forests, gra s s-
land, and agri c u l tu re. Plants in these areas inclu de corn , be a n s , and wh e a t ;
there are exotic tree species like eucalyptus, pine, and mango, and also
native trees like acacia. There are also many flowers, grasses, and ferns.
Some animals that we saw, besides birds, are domestic animals like goats,
sheep, donkeys, and cows. We also saw snakes, bugs like grasshoppers
Barabara kubwa Mbeya mjini. and butterflies, and a troop of vervet monkeys.
A main street in downtown Mbeya.
Mbeya Mjini iko kwenye Bonde la Ufa. Baadhi ya milima huku ni Mlima
Mbeya na Mlima Loleza kwa upande wa Kaskazini, na Mlima Ugali kwa
upande wa Maghari bi . Ba adhi ya mito inaanzia milimani na mito mingi n e
huwa na maji kwenye kipindi cha mvua. Kwa mfano, mto wa Nzovwe
unaanzia kwenye milima, na mto wa Meta hutegemea mvua na ch em ch em .
Masika huku Mbeya huanzia mwezi wa kumi na moja na kuendelea hadi
wa mwezi wa nne; wakati wa kiangazi unaanzia mwezi wa tano na kuendel e a
hadi mwezi wa kumi. Pia, kuna kipindi cha baridi huanzia mwezi wa sita
na kwisha mwezi wa nane. Katika kipindi hichi, ubaridi unaweza kufikia
hata kiwango cha joto selsiusi kwa siku.
Mbeya Town is loc a ted on the Rift Va ll ey. Mountains su ch as Mount Mbeya
and Mount Loleza to the nort h , and Mount Ugali to the west, su rround the
city. Many rivers run thro u gh town, s ome that start in the mountains and
others that are ra i n - fedand on ly exist du ring the ra i ny season . For example,
the source for River Nzovwe is at Mt Mbeya, while the River Meta is seasonal
Chini ya Mlima Loleza. Maua haya yavutia
with the rains. The ra i ny season starts in Novem ber and lasts until Apri l . The
songosori wengi.
dry season lasts from May to October. The cold season lasts from June to Study spot below Loleza's peak. The orange
August, wh en the tem pera tu res drop, but it does not get cold enough to free ze. flowers here attract many sunbirds.

6. Kuhusu Ndege Bird Basics
Kadiri idadi ya watu inavyozidi
inaathiri mazingira kutokana na
kuongezekwa makazi na shughuli
kama ujenzi, ufugaji, kilimo,
uchomaji wa mkaa, na shughuli
nyingine za nyumbani. Idadi ya
ndege huko imekuwa ikipungua Kuna aina za ndege katika nchi ya Tanzania. Mkoani Mbeya kuna ndege
kutokana na ongezeko la wa aina thelathini na tatu (33) walioonekana katika muda wa utafiti wetu.
binadamu ambao huharibu
mazingira kwa kukata miti kwa Mara nyingi ndege wanajitokeza katika kipindi cha masika kwa kuwa ni
ajili ya mkaa, ujenzi na kilimo. Pia Tuliona viota vingi vya ndege korobindo kwenye kipindi ambacho ndege wanazaliana. Ndege kama mayera huwa ana tabia
matawi ya mti huu, Songwe.
uwindaji wa ndege kwa ajili ya ya kuhamahama kwa kufuatana na majira . Ma ra nyi n gi ndege hawa wana-
We saw dozens of weavers’ nests hanging
uchawi umeongezeka, kwa mfano, from the branches of this tree in Songwe. hama kutoka nchi za mbali na kuingia nchini Tanzania hasa kwenye wakati
uaji wa bundi. Vilevile, makelele wa masika. Katika kipindi hiki ndege hawa hujipatia chakula mbalimbali
kutokana na watu, magari, muziki na vitu vingine vimekuwa kero kwa kama samaki, panzi, na panya.
ndege. Hivyo, mambo mengi yamelazimisha ndege kuhama eneo hilo.
Tuliweza kuwatazama vizuri ndege hawa kwa kutumia hadubini. Hivyo
Mbeya’s expanding human populati on has affected the natu ral envi ronment ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwaona kwa sura na rangi. Ndege hawa hutofautiana
in many ways , e s pec i a lly thro u gh activi ties like con s tru cti on , farming, live- kwa namna nyingi, kama sauti, maumbile, na vyakula wanavyokula.
stock keep i n g,c ut ting trees for firewood and charcoal produ cti on , and other
Unapowatazama ndege unashauriwa kukaa kimya ili wasishtuke. Vilevile
domestic activities. The number of birds has noticeably decreased as their
unapofanya uchunguzi wa ndege ni bora upange muda maalum wa
habitats are altered by the deforestation that comes with increased popu-
kuwatazama katika eneo moja na kisha uende sehemu nyingine ili uweze
lation. Also bird hunting – and killing owls because of belief in witchcraft
kuwatazama ndege wa aina mbalimbali.
– has risen tremendously. Noise pollution from people, cars, and music
has disturbed birds, too. For these reasons, many birds have left the area. There are different bird species in Tanzania. During our research in
Mbeya, we identified of these.
Some birds are only found in Tanzania during the rainy season, which is
the period with the largest number of birds present. In Mbeya, birds like
Watu wengi wachunga herons come during the rainy season and then leave during the dry season
mifugo wao kwenye to far away countries in Europe and elsewhere, following their food. In the
Mlima Loleza.
dry season, they can’t find things like fish and grasshoppers as easily.
Many people graze their
livestock on the slopes
of Mount Loleza. While birdwatching, it is good to use binoculars in order to see clearly the
birds’ details and colors. There are also other ways to identify them, for
example by their calls, their shape, and the food they eat. When you are
birdwatching, you are advised to stay quiet so the birds do not fly away.
Also when you are surveying birds, it is good to set a designated length of
time in one spot and then another, in order to see different kinds of birds.

7. Utafiti Our Research
Maeneo ya utafiti
Tulifanya utafiti wetu katika sehemu tatu: Loleza, Ivumwe na Songwe.
Loleza iko pembeni kidogo na jiji la Mbeya na ni eneo lenye milima,
mashamba na misitu. Milima hii ina misitu ya kupandikizwa pamoja na
ya asili, na pia ni chanzo cha maji kwa jiji la Mbeya.
Eneo la juu tu l i pofanya ut a f i tini seh emu wazi na yenye maja n i . Huku
tu l ipata ndege wa aina ch ache. Eneo la pili tulipata ndege wen gi lakini
walikuwa wa aina tatu tu. Sehemu hii ina maua na majani marefu (ferns),
na iko karibu na chemchem ya maji. Pia eneo hili liko karibu na msitu
wa miti mirefu na mifupi. Eneo la tatu liliko bondeni , lina miti mirefu
na mimea ya aina tof a uti. Seh emu hii ni baridi kiasi kutokana na kivuli
Wanachama wanatumia hadubini kwa mara ya kwanza. cha miti. Huku kulikuwa na aina tofauti tofauti za ndege ambao wengine
Group members use binoculars for the first time. hawakuweko kwenye sehemu nyingine yoyote (kwa mfano Schalow’s
Turaco). Eneo la nne ni seh emu iliyoko bon deni yenye uwazi, majani
marefu na miti mifupi.
Kwa kuangalia sura ya ndege unaweza kugundua anachokula. Kwa mfano,
mdomo ukiwa mrefu unamaanisha kwamba ndege huyu anapendelea Study Areas
kula chakula cha aina ya asali na wadudu wapatikanao kwenye maua, na We conducted research in three areas: Loleza, Ivumwe and Songwe.
pia nyama na samaki, kama songosori, mayela, na wengine. Ndege wenye Loleza is on the outskirts of downtown Mbeya; it is a mountainous area
midomo mifupi hupendelea kula vyakula vya nafaka. Kwa mfano, ndege with farms, forest, and grassland. Mount Loleza has two kinds of forest:
wanaoitwa Passeriformes (jina la oda la kisayansi) ni kama dundulusi, tree plantations of pine forest and natural forest with native trees that
jokolilo na chekechea; ndege hawa wanafanana kwa maumbile, wana are preserved to protect water sources for Mbeya Town.
midomo na miguu mifupi, wana rangi tofauti, vyakula vyao vinafanana,
na pia wanafanana kwa mikia, huwa wanamikia mipana na mifupi. The first spot wh ere we did research was an open area with grasses and
brush, where we saw only few birds. The second spot included open grass-
By simply observing a bird, it is possible to discover many things about it. land bel ow us and flowering bushes and short trees above. Here we saw many
For example, the shape of its beak can tell you what it eats. If it has a long, birds, but only a few species. The third spot, which is in the eastern valley, is a
curved beak, it eats nectar and insects and it will like to be in areas with forest with tall trees and bushes. This area was cold because the sun does not
many flowers. Birds with short beaks, like those in the order passeriformes reach through the canopy. We saw several different bird species that on ly
(such as finches, bulbuls and mannikins), eat seeds and are similar in were iden ti f i ed in this spo t , like Schalow’s Turaco. The fourth spot is further
appearance and behavior. up in the va ll ey wh ere the forest meets the open grassland.

8. Pia eneo hilo lina maua, foto kiafi, na ndege wa aina nne tofauti. Eneo
la tano liko kwenye mwanzo wa mlima. Eneo hili lina mashamba na
miti michache kama vile milingoti na miti ya maua na majani. Ndege
waliopatikana huku walikuwa wa aina sita tofauti. Eneo la sita liliko
kwenye mwanzo wa mlima pia. Eneo hili lina ndege wa aina tano tofauti;
lina miti ya maua na matunda iliyozunguka eneo la nyasi. Kando yake
ni eneo la maji.
Sehemu ya pili tulikofanya utafiti ilikuwa Ivumwe; huku kuna vyanzo
vya maji ya mto Nzovwe; limezungukwa na makazi ya watu na mashamba
kwa shughuli za kilimo. Eneo liko kwenye upande wa kusini-mashariki
kutoka jiji la Mbeya. Tulifanya utafiti kwenye maeneo mawili: Eneo la
kwanza liko mwanzoni kwa chanzo cha maji na lina aina tofauti za mimea
ambayo ni miti yenye miba, maua, na mipogoro. Eneo lina maji na
ndege wengi wa aina tofauti. Pembeni na mito kuna miti iliyopandwa
na isiyofyonza maji mengi.
In this area, there are flowers; we saw four different bird species here.
The fifth spot, at the foot of the mountain, is cultivation and grassland
with scattered trees, including eucalyptus. There were six kinds of Mji mzima waonekana kwenye njia ya kupanda kileleni Loleza.
birds here. The sixth spot was also at the foot of the mountain. This The entire city is visible from the path we used to reach Mount Loleza.
space was an open field surrounded by flower and fruit trees, pine,
and eucaplyptus. There was also a river nearby; we saw six different
species. E n eo la pili liko kando na bara b a ra , pia kuna mahali ambako maji ya n a k u-
sanywa na kusambazwa kwa sehemu tofauti jijini Mbeya. Eneo hili ni
Ivumwe, southeast of Mbeya Town center, was the second area where chepechepe, lina mikokwa, mitete na mimea mingine tofauti. Ndege wap-
we conducted research at the source of the River Nzovwe. The place is atikanao katika eneo hili ni wa aina tofauti.
surrounded by human settlement and cultivation. We did surveys in
two spots. The first spot was right at the river’s source. Surrounding the The second spot is close to a large road, where the river water is collected
water are plants like flowers and Ana trees. Along the banks of the river and dispersed to different parts of Mbeya Town. This spot is a wetland
are exotic tree species that do not absorb much water. Here we saw large area, with a tree called mkokwa, species of reeds, and other plants. We saw
flocks of birds and several species. several different bird species here.

9. Frequency of Bird Species
8
7
Sehemu ya tatu ni Songwe iliyoko magharibi kutoka jiji la Mbeya. Eneo 6
la kwanza liko kingoni na mto, lina nyasi ndefu mitete na miti ya aina 5
tofauti. Ndege wachache wanaonekana huku kwa sababu ya uhaba wa 4
chakula. Maji ya moto na ya baridi yanapatikana. Eneo la pili lina maji na
3
miti mirefu na mifupi pamoja na nyasi fupi ziotazo juu ya maji. Miti hii
2
ni ya miba na matunda; pem beni kuna pango la asili. N dege wanaoonekana
1
huku ni wa aina nane tofauti.
0
Namna
Tulifanya utafiti kwa kutumia namna moja ambavyo tulikaa kwenye seh emu
fulani na kuhesabu ndege kwa muda wa dakika ishirini tu. Tuliandika kila
aina ya ndege tuliyemuona na jumla ya idadi ya ndege tuliowaona katika
kila sehemu. Tulifanya utafiti kuanzia tarehe -- hadi tarehe - Matokeo
- na hata siku za jumapili. Tulichagua sehemu za kutembelea kuwa na Matokeo yalikuwa kama yafuatavyo: ndege wanaoonekana kwa wengi ni
ndege wengi na mazingira yanayotofautiana. Baada ya utafiti, tulitunza jokolilo, songosori, dundulusi, kunguru, na chekechea. Ndege wanaopatikana
kumbukumbu kwenye ngamizi. kwa uchache ni sele, mile, duwai, magugu, turaco na olive pigeon. Ndege
kama dundulusi, jokolili na njiwa pori pamoja na aina tofauti ya ndege
The third spot where we conducted research was Songwe, west of Mbeya wanaokula mbegu walionekana kwenye manen eo ya mashamba. Songosori
Town. The first spot is on the banks of a river, close to the hotsprings, peke yake alionekana kwenye maen eo ya miti ya maua. Kwenye maen eo ya
with tall reeds and different tree species. We saw few bird species because miti mingi ndege wanaopatikana ni kunguru, jokolilo, shalow’s turaco,
of a scarc i tyof food there. The second spot has water, trees andbu s h e s , and songosori, njiwa pori, na lead colored flycatcher.
short grasses that grow on water. Th ere are fruit trees and a large cave.
We identified eight species of birds there. Results
The most common species we ob s erved in our research areas were Common
Methods Bulbul, Sunbirds, Red-Billed Firefinch, Pied Crow, and Black and White
Our point-count surveys were taken over twenty-minute periods in each Mannikins. The least common bird species were Hammerkop, Widow-
spot. We recorded every species of bird that we saw, as well as the total bird, Schalow’s Turaco and Olive Pigeon. Areas of cultivation had a fairly
nu m ber of indivi dual bi rds spo t ted. All data was taken on Su n d ay mornings high diversity of species of seed-eating birds, including Common Bulbul
between June , and July , . We chose spots for a range of and Mannikin. In areas with flowering bushes and trees we saw mosly
habitats and favored those with a large number of birds at first sight. Sunbirds. In forested areas were mainly birds that we identified in only
We recorded all our data in the computer to create charts and graphs. one spot, for example Schalow’s Turaco and Lead Colored Flycatcher.

10. Kuhusu Maelezo About the guide Utangulizi Introduction
Scopus umbretta Ciraetus cinereus
Maelezo haya yanahusika na
ndege wa aina walioko
Mbeya Mjini na Vijijini. Ba adhi
ya ndege , kama Kunguru, ni
wa kawaida, na wengine, kama
Shorobo Kibwenzi, wanaonekana Kwa kili ndege pia, kuna alama ya Tai Mwekundu
mara moja moja. mchoro mdogo inayoonyesha Brown Snake Eagle
urahisi wa kumuona: kwa mfano,
Kwa kila ndege, yameandikwa Ni ndege wanaokula nyama, tai
tuliwaona Kunguru wengi, hivyo
majina matatu: jina la kisayansi, huyu ana rangi ya kahawia wilimz-
jina la Kiingereza, na jina la
ndege huyu anaonyeshwa na Sele
ima na rangi ya kijivu chini ya
michoro mitatu; tulimuona Fundichama
k i enyeji. Pen gine hili jina la tatu ni mabawa pindi arukapo. Pia ana
Fundichama moja, hivyo ana Hammerkop
la Kiswahili na mara nyi n gine hili kichwa kipara na macho ya njano
alama ya mchoro mmoja tu.
jina linatokea lugha ya kabila kama Ana rangi ya kahawia, kichwa yaliyofanana na ya bundi. Tai huyu
Kisafwa au Kinyakyusa. Hiyo mich oro yo te ilich orwa na chenye umbo la nyundo, mdomo wa kahawia ana mdomo mfupi
wanafunzi Abdulbhary Bashiru, mrefu, miguu mirefu mpaka uliojikunja mweusi. Mkiani ana fio
The guide that follows includes nyembamba za rangi ya kijivu.
Au g u s tine Elihudi, na Emmanuel cm. Hupatikana maeneo yenye
species of birds that are present Miguu yake ina rangi ya kijivu iliy-
Mwakasumi. mabwawa, mito, mabwawa ya
in Mbeya Town and its outskirts. opauka.
samaki na maeneo yenye maji.
Some, like the Pied Crow, are
Sele wanakula samaki na vyura.
very common, while others, like A hunting bird, this eagle is brown,
Schalow’s Tu raco, are less often seen . The bird icons indicate how likely with gray under its wings, visible
This large ( cm) brown bird has
you are to see the bi rd according to when it flies. It has a baldhead and
a distinctive hammer-shape head,
Each entry includes at least three our data: for example, P i ed Crows yellow eyes that look like an owl’s.
a long beak and long legs. It prefers
names: the scientific name, the a re very com m on so they have Its short, sharp beak is black. Most
areas with swamps, rivers, fish-
English name, and the name that three bird icon s ; we on ly ob s erved often you will see it circling above
ponds, and all places with water –
people use in Mbeya Town. This one Ha m m erkop, so we gave it on ly valleys.
although some have been known
is sometimes Swahili, and other one bird icon .
to inhabit urban areas of Mbeya.
times the local dialects Kisafwa
Stu dents Abdulbhary Ba s h i ru , Hammerkops eat fish and frogs.
or Kinyakusa (in which case we
also include the Swahili name for Au g u s tine Elihudi, and Emmanu el
clarification.) Mwakasumi created the illu s tra-
ti ons in pen , pencil, and waterco l or.

11. Utangulizi Introduction
Milvus migrans Columba arquatrix Utangulizi Introduction
Streptopelia decipens Turaco schalowi
Mwewe
Black Kite
Kuna aina tof a uti za mwewe lakini Kuyu Jichonjano
hakuna kati ya aina hizo mwenye Njiwa Mweusi African Mourning Dove Shorobo Kibwenzi
rangi nyeusi. M wewe wa madagasca Olive Pigeon Njiwa hawa waporini wana kichwa Schalow’s Turaco
na jangwa la Sa h a ra wana ra n gi Njiwa hawa wana rangi ya kijivu cha kijivu na mgongo wa kaki. Ndege hawa wana kichwa chenye
ya kahawi a , maen eo ya kifuani na iliyo na madoa meupe. Mdomo Macho yake ya njano yamezun- manyoya marefu (panki) ya kijani
mkiani wana ra n gi ya kutu . Wo te wenye rangi ya njano na ni wa kati. gukwa na rangi nyekundu iliyo na madoa meupe nyuma. Macho
wana miguu mifupi ya nja n o. Macho yaliyozungukwa na mduara pauka. Njiwa hawa wanapatikana yake ya mezungukwa na rangi
Wakati wa kuruka mbawa zake wanjano. Miguu pia ni ya njano. maeneo ya nyanda za chini, nyekundu ambapo chini yake kuna
zinaten geneza kona kwenda nyuma. Sehemu zingine za mwili kuanzia maeneo yenye michanga, vijijini. ufito wa rangi nyeupe. Mabawa
Ndege hawa wanaishi mijini, vij i- kifuani. Ni weusi sehemu zote za Njiwa hawa wanataga mayai maw- yana rangi ya kijani na bluu kwa
jini, na pia maen eo ya savanna. mwili Hupendelea kula matunda. ili kwenye viota vilivyo jengwa mbali. Mkia wake mrefu una rangi
M wewe wanakula panya, mijusi, Pa hupendelea sehemu zenye miti kwenye maeneo yoliyo jificha. ya bluu ya kiza.
samaki na wadu du wakubwa. mirefu. Wanakula nafaka na wadudu.
These birds have a head with a
Th ere are different kinds of kites This pigeon is green with black These doves have a gray head, a large green crest and a wh i te throa t .
but the one found in Mbeya is a speckles. Its medium-sized beak tan-colored back, and a pale pink Red ri n gs su rround their eye s , wi t h
Bl ack Ki te , com m on ly found from and feet are yellow, and yellow breast. A red ring surrounds their a bl ack stri pe undern e a t h . Th e
Mad a gascar to the Sa h a ra De s ert. It rings surround its eyes. Its breast yellow eyes. They live in lowlands Tu raco’s wi n gs are green , and blu e
is actu a lly brown , with ru s t - co l ored is black. It eats fruit and spends and villages. The females lay two at the tips. Its long tail is dark blue.
breast and wi n gs and yellow legs. most of its time in the tree canopy. eggs and the nests they build are It lives in forests in the tree canopy
While in fligh t , the tips of its wi n gs in hidden areas. These doves eat and eats mostly fru i t s .
s tretch back . These bi rds live in insects and crops.
u rban areas, in vi ll a ges, and also in
open areas. Ki tes eat mice, lizards,
fish, and large bugs.

12. Utangulizi Introduction
Hirundo rustica Pycnonotus barbatus Utangulizi heuglini
Cossypha Introduction Prinia subflava
Jokolilo
Magamaga Bawa-Kahawia
Mbayuwayu Shore Tako-Jeupe
Tawny-Flanked Prinia
Barn Swallow Common Bulbul
Nya n ti ti ana mkia mwembamba
Kuanzia kichwa, shingo, mgongo Ana kichwa cheusi, kifua kahawi a ,
mref u . Ana ra n gi ya kij ivu na
na mkia ni rangi nyeusi. Sehemu za chini ya mkia ni nja n o. Ana ukubwa
kahawi a , ra n gi nyeup seh emu za
juu za mbawa ni nyeusi. Sehemu za kati, s a uti: “jok-lilo, jok-lilo.” chini, m acho mekundu , na panki
chini za mbawa, na kifua na tumbo An a pen delea mahali pa misituni,
nyusi kichwani. Hu p a tikana katika
ni nyeupe. Mdomo ni mfupi na bustani, makazi ya watu, s eh emu Kurumbiza Michirizimeupe kingo za misitu, m a jani maref u ,
mweusi. Hupendelea maeneo ya zenya maji kama mito. Chakula White Browned Robin Chat vi chakani na maen eo ya kisavana
mvua. Wanakula wadudu. Kiota chake ni matunda na mbegu zake N dege hawa wana ukubwa ukati , p a m oja na maen eo ya ch emichemi
hutengenezwa kwenye nyumba za vilevile mapera, songwa, na
tu m bo ora n ge na mbawa gray. na kwenye bustani. Huten geneza
binadamu waliohama magofu ya mang’ang’a; anakula pia nafaka Kichwa ya ke ni nyeusi, na juu ya kiota kilicho bonyea kwa juu kwa
nyumba pangoni. Hupatikana kwa kama vile mpunga, mahindi, ulezi, m acho ana seh emu cheupe. Wa n a- kutumia majani katika vi chaka
misimu pale mvua inapoanza. nk. Kwa kawaida hut a ga mayai
p a tikana kwa mahali pa bustani, vyenye majani maref u . Pia hut a ga
mawili hadi matatu. Baba na Mama pem be zoni ya misitu, na mahali ya mayai 3-4. Hu pen delea kula
The top of this bi rd’s head , b ack ,
husaidiana katika kulea wato to. m i to. Wanakula wadu du na mbeg u .
and long tail are blu e - bl ack . In matunda, nafaka kama mpunga ,
flight, the wh i te of its wi n gs , throa t , A med ium sized brown bird wi t h This medium-sized bird has an uwel e , ulezi, mtama na mahindi.
and breast are vi s i bl e . Its dark be a k bl ack head, creamy breast, and
orange breast and a bl ack head with This prinia has a long tail. It is gray
is short. Ba rn swall ows eat insect s . yell ow vent under the tail. Its son g a white stri pe. Its wi n gs are dark with brown on its back and has a
Swallows build their nests in houses “jok-lilo, jok-lilo” gives it its name gray. It is found in many habitats, black crest and a white breast. It
that have been left em pty and in in Mbeya. Found in ga rden s ,
including gardens, forest edges, and appears at forest edges, in tall grass,
caves. Th ey occur in large flocks forests, human habi t a ti on, and near along rivers . It eats insects and seeds. in savanna areas and near springs
and are most com m on du ring the w a ter. Bu l buls eat fruit and seed s
and in gardens. It builds nests out
ra i ny season ; t h ey migra te nort h and also crops like ri ce, m i ll et and
of long grasses and lays three to
du ring the dry season. corn . Usu a lly the female lays two four eggs. It likes to eat fruits, and
to three eggs ; male and female take
crops like rice, millet and sorghum.
tu rns bri n ging food to the ch i cks.

13. Utangulizi Introduction
Nectariniidae (Family) Utangulizi Introduction
Chozi
Sunbirds
Chozi Mweusi
Ni ndege wa umbo dogo (13 to Chozi Mikufumiwili
Amethyst Sunbird
14 cm), hupatikana sehemu zenye Eastern Double Collared
Juu ya kishwa ni kijani ya kung’aa;
maua, misituni, kando ya mito au Sunbird
ya ziwa, na sehemu za kilimo. chini ya shingo ni zambalau;
sehemu zingine zote ni nyeusi. Ana kichwa shingo; s eh emu za juu
Wanakula asali za maua na wadu du,
za mbawa ni kijani; ndani ya mbawa
kwa hiyo wana mdomo mrefu ulio The Amethyst Sunbird is mainly
ni nja n o ; kifua ni nyekundu, k a ti ya
pinda na mweu s i . Sa uti ni “pssipssi” black, except the top of the head is
kifua na hsingo ni zambalao. Chozi Tumbonjano
Hupendelea maeneo yenye miti irridescent green and under the
This bird has a green head, neck, Variable Sunbird
mifupi na maua mengi. Huten- throat it is purple.
geneza kiota chenye mdomo mrefu and wings; under the wings it is Sehemu za juu ya kichwa ni kijani;
mfano wa kibuyu. yellow; under the green throat is a kifua ni zambalau; tumbo ni njano,
purple ring and a red upper breast. mkia na mbawa ni kahawia.
These small birds ( to cm) live
in places with flowers, in forests, This sunbird has a green head and
near rivers, and at high altitudes. purple throat. Its breast is yellow
They eat nectar and insects, and and its wings and tail are brown.
live in areas with many flowers.
They have many calls, including
one that goes, “pssi-pssi.” Sunbirds
build their nest in the shape of a
Chozi Neli
gourd with a long entrance. Males
Malachite Sunbird Chozi Gunda
of this family are very colorful,
Ana kichwa cha nja n o, m b k ijani ya Scarlet Chested Sunbird
while females are tan, brown, and
cream, and difficult to identify. kiung’aa, mgon go- kahawi a ; chini ya Juu ya kichwa na chini ya mdomo
mbawa ni njano; tumbo ni kijani. ni kijani; kifua ni chekundu;
The Ma l achite Su n bird has a yell ow sehemu zingine zote ni nyeusi.
head, irridescent green wings, a This bird is mainly bl ack , except
brown back, yell ow under the wi n gs , for the top of the head, wh i ch is
and a yellow breast. i rride s cent green , and its red throa t .