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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3618
IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING FIBER
Pawan Patidar1, Dr. Sunil Sugandhi2
1M.E. Student JIT Borawan Khargone (M.P.) INDIA
2Dean Academic JIT Borawan Khargone(M.P.) INDIA
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Pervious concrete is a different type of concrete
with highly porous structure used for concrete flatwork
applications that allow water from precipitation and other
sources to pass directly through, this reducing the runoff from
a site and allowing to recharge ground water. This porosity is
attained by a highly interconnected void content. In pervious
concrete, the amount of fine aggregate is little or no fine
aggregate such as sand, because of that it is referred as “No
fine or less fine concrete”. The use of pervious concrete is
significantly increasing due to reduction of road runoff and
absorption of noise. This concrete is being used as paving
material in the United States for the construction of parking
lots, sidewalks and secondary roads. The production of better
quality pervious concrete is necessary to meet specification
requirements fortheconstructionofdurableperviousconcrete
pavements. Till now many researchers have used different
materials in the pervious concrete like flyash, rice husk,
geogrids etc. Fibers can also be used to strengthen the
pervious concrete, so it can easily be used for higher loads.
Key Words - Pervious concrete, Compressive strength,
Permeability, Split tensile strength.
1. INTRODUCTION
Conventional cement concrete is generally used as building
material in construction projects. The impervious nature of
concrete leads to the increased water runoff into drainage
system, over-burdening the infrastructure and causing
excessive uncontrollable flooding in built-upareas.Pervious
concrete has become substantial popular during recent
decades, because of its potential share in solving
environmental issues. Pervious concrete is a highly efficient
concrete which has relatively high water permeability
compare to conventional concrete due to interconnected
void structure. Pervious concrete is also called as porous
concrete and permeable concrete. It can be prepared by
using conventional concrete-making materials, namely
cement, cement supplementary materials, all typesofcoarse
and no fine aggregates, and water. Pervious concrete is a
type of concrete with considerable high water permeability
compared to normal weight concrete. It has been mainly
used for draining water from ground surface, so that storm
water runoff is minimized. Duetohighwaterpermeabilityas
compared to normal concrete, pervious concrete has very
less compressive strength.
Pervious concrete also referred to as “No-fine Concrete” or
“Porous Concrete” is material comprisedofnarrowlygraded
coarse aggregates, cementitious materials, water and
admixture and in some cases fibers. Pervious concrete has
been in use for more than 50 years in a variety of
applications, recent EPA regulations are causing many
owners and designers to reexamine applications of this
unique material. Pervious concrete pavement is recognized
as a structural infiltration BMP by the EPA for providing
storm water management and first flush pollution control.
The US green building council (USGBC) through its
Leadership in Energy and Environmental design (LEED)
Green Building rating system promotes sustainable
construction of buildings. A pervious concrete pavement
qualifies for LEED credits and is therefore sought by owners
desiring for a high LEED certification. Pervious concrete
paving reduces the runoff from paved areas, which allows
the use of smaller capacity storm sewers and reduces the
need for separate storm water retention ponds.
Massive urbanization in Indian cities is causing the
ground water to go deeper and is causing water shortage.
For example; Cherrapunji suffers drought while the
monsoons bring flooding Chandigarh city tapsgroundwater
from deep confined aquifers which do not get naturally
recharged. Further the rain water falls on the concrete and
asphalt surfaces tends to carry a high level pollutionandthis
pollution ends up in waterways ultimately .So, sustainable
technologies like pervious concrete are likely to become
more popular in India.
In recent years, pervious concrete is widely gaining
popularity as a viable paving material and a tool of
sustainable development because of its environmental
merits. Concern has been growing in recent years among
public agencies, planners and developers, toward reducing
the pollutants in water supplies and the environment.
Recharging of the ground water supplies, reducing the
quantity of storm water generated from developed areas,
improving the storm water quality,reducingthedischargeof
pollutants in water supplies and minimizing the effect of
development on watersheds have becometheprimaryfocus
area while developing a natural land.
Although, whencomparedto conventional concrete,
pervious concrete has a lower compressivestrength,greater
permeability, and a lower unit weight. However, pervious
concrete has a greater advantage in many regards.
Nevertheless, it has its own limitations which must be put
into effective consideration when planning its use.
In both developed and developing countries waste
management problem has already become severe. The
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3619
problem is compounded by the rapidly increasing amounts
of industrial wastes of a complex nature and composition.
Energy plays a crucial role in the growth of developing
countries like India. In the context of low availability of non-
renewable energy resources coupled with the requirements
of large quantities of energy for Building Materials like
cement, the importance of using industrial waste cannot be
underestimated. Many research organizationsarepracticing
extensive work on waste materials concerning the viability
and environmental suitability. Recent researchers aimed at
the conservation in the cement and the concrete industry
focused on the use of waste materials waste glass such as
glass powder, hypo sludge,ceramic waste,ricehusk ashsuch
as fly ash, slag, silica fume in pervious concrete to increase
the strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Many
researchers have made attempts to use the waste materials
to reduce the disposal problems and to improve the
mechanical properties of pervious concrete.
2. Material
2.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement (Ultratech) of 53 grade
(confirming to IS 12269) is used throughout the experiment
project i.e. after the curing of 28 days the compressive
strength should not be less than 53 N/mm2.
2.2 Coarse Aggregate
Aggregates can have a direct influence in the permeability,
surface texture and appearance of the slab. A uniform large
aggregate size will increase the permeability and decreased
strength as compare to the smaller size aggregates.
Locally available crushed angular coarse aggregate
(conforming to IS:2386-1963 and IS:383-1970). Sizes of
crushed angular aggregates with 100% passing through
10mm sieve and 100% retained on 6mm size sieve to be
used in experiments.
Fig. 1 Aggregate
2.3 Fiber
Drip irrigation is used in fields by using different sizes of
flexible pipes. Every year there is enormous amountofpipes
get damaged and to be replaced by new one to continue the
proper irrigation in the fields, it becomes scrape. It can be
used to reinforce the pervious concrete by making its fibers.
Using this fiber can be advantageous to increase the
durability and strength of pervious concrete.Thefibersused
are of drip pipes produced by Kisan pvt ltd. All the Drip
Irrigation components manufactured by Kisan pvt ltd are
from virgin materials to withstand UV radiation & meets the
specification of ‘BIS’
Fig. 2 Fiber
2.4 Flyash
Fly ash is fine powdered particle with spherical shape. It
exists either solid or hollow and amorphous (glassy) in
nature like silt. Its chemical properties of fly ash depend
upon the type of coal used in ignition and the techniques
used for handling. Flyash used is of class B.
Fig. 3 Flyash
2.5 Water
Water used in concrete mix and forcuringshouldconform to
IS 456:2000. Water used for curing and mixingshall beclean
and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3620
sugar, organic material or other substances that may be
deleterious to concrete or steel. Potable water is considered
satisfactory for mixing concrete.
3. METHODOLOGY
Desired strength of pervious concrete is equivalent to plain
concrete of grade M15 (1:2:4) i.e. for pervious concrete
proportion of cement and coarse aggregate used is 1:4
respectively. Fine aggregates are removed to make the no
fine concrete i.e. pervious concrete.
 Proportion cement: coarse aggregate = 1:4
 Water cement ratio = 0.3
 Coarse aggregate size used 6mm to 10mm.
 Cement used is OPC53 grade (Ultratech)
 Sample one with fly ash content 20% of cement
weight.
 Sample two with fibercontent3%ofcementweight.
3.1 Compressive Strength Test
Compressive strength tests were conductedona cubeofsize
150*150*150 mm at age of 7 days & 28 days curing.
Standard testing machine with a most capability of 2000 KN
was used at commonplace rateofloadingasperIS516-1959.
Compressive strength,
C = P/A.
Its unit is N/mm2.
Fig. 4 Compressive strength test
3.2 Split Tensile Strength Test
Tests were conducted oncylindrical specimen withdiameter
100 mm & length 200 mm on a standard testing machine
with a maximum capacity of 2000 KN at standard rate of
loading as per IS 516-1959. Tests shall be made at the
recognized ages of the test specimens,themostusual being7
and 28 days.
Split Tensile strength = 2P/(πDL).
Its unit is N/mm2.
Fig. 4 Split tensile strength test
3.1 Permeability Test
Permeability of pervious concrete can be tested by a falling
head apparatus as recommended by code. Different
apparatus outlines can be used but the mechanism of this
pressure-decay method is the same. A pipe supplies
sufficient water in the inlet and allows water flow through
the sample and finally drainsfromtheoutlet.The waterhead
in the inlet is allowed to lift to desired level and then
maintained a steady flow through the pipes. When the test
starts, the water-supplied valve is closed to free the water
head in the inlet dropping progressively to level the water
head at the outlet. The time interval ‘t’ (s) during which the
water head falls from ‘h1’(cm) to ‘h2’ (cm) is recorded and
the apparent permeability ‘k’ (cm/sec) of the sample can be
computed by
K = 2.303 × ×log( )
Where,
A = cross section area of the specimen (in sq cm)
L = length of specimen (in cm)
a = cross section area of stand pipe (in sq. cm)
t = time interval between head falls from h1 to h2 (sec)
Fig. 6 Permeability Test
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3621
4. RESULTS
4.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS
 Average compressive strength of porous concrete
using fiber at 7 days age of testing over flyash
increased by 8.89%
 Average compressive strength of porous concrete
using fiber at 28 days age of testing over flyash
increased by 4.55%.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Porous concrete with
flyash
Porous concrete with
fiber
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH
(MPa)
MIX PROPORTION
7 days
28 days
Graph 1 Compressive Strength
4.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS
 Average split tensile strength of porous concrete
using fiber after 7 days age of testing over flyash
increased by 13.66%.
 Average split tensile strength of porous concrete
using fiber after 28 days age of testing over flyash
increased by 17.82%.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Porous concrete
with flyash
Porous concrete
with fiber
SPLITTENSILESTRENGTH
(MPa)
MIX PROPORTION
7 Days
Graph 2 Split Tensile Strength
4.3 PERMEABILITY TEST RESULTS
 Average permeability coefficientofporousconcrete
using fiber is increased by 2.25 times as compare to
flyash porous concrete.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Porous
concrete with
flyash
Porous
concrete with
fiber
COEFFICIENTOFPERMEABILITY(cm/sec)
coefficient
of
permeabi…
Graph 3 Permeability of porous concrete
5. CONCLUSIONS
From the various tests conducted the following conclusions
can be made:-
 Use of fibers leads to increase in compressive
strength, split tensile strengthofporousconcrete as
compare to flyash porous concrete.
 It has been concluded from the research that
permeability of porous concrete increases by using
fibers as compare to flyash.
 Comparative study on both the samples i.e. flyash
and fiber, it is found that using fiber is beneficial to
improve the properties of porous concrete.
REFERENCES
 Zhong, R. (2015). “Use of silica fume and ultra fine
powder to improve performance of pervious
concrete matrix.” International Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 1(2), 69-76.
 Bansal, R. (2015). “Replacement of cement to fly
ash.” Highway Research Journal, 4(2), 43-51.
 Talsania,S., Pitroda, J.K. (2015). “A review of
pervious concrete by using industrial waste
materials.” International Journal of Innovations in
Engineering and Technology, 2(12), 142-151.
 Vyas, C., Obilade. (2014). “Use of rice husk ash as a
partial replacement for cement in concrete.”
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3622
International Journal of Engineering and Applied
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 Hesami, S., Ahmadi, S., Nematzadeh, M. (2014).
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 Ravindrarajah, S., Yukari, A. (2010).
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Indian Concrete Journal, 78(11), 13-21.
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 Basu, P.C., Saraswati, S. (2006). “High volume fly
ash concrete with indian ingredients.” The Indian
Concrete Journal, 80(3), 37-48.
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Pervious Concrete for Sustainable
Construction”,35th Conference on Our World in
Concrete & Structures,Singapore,Page25-27,2010.
 Na Jin, “Fly Ash Applicability in Pervious Concrete”,
The Ohio State University, 2010. [
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Concrete by Using Various Industrial Waste
Materials”, Page 142-151, 2015.
 V. R. Patil et al. “Use Of Pervious Concrete In
Construction Of Pavement For Improving Their
Performance” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN: 2278-1684, Page
54- 56, 2010.
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concrete with various cement content”, IJATES,
Volume No.02, Issue No. 08, Page 522-531, 2014.
 S.O. Ajamu et al. “Evaluation of structural
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materials”, IJRET- Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13,
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 Darshan S. Shah et al., “Pervious Concrete: New Era
for Rural Road Pavement”, (IJETT) ISSN No. 2231-
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 Darshan S. Shah et al., “Assessment for use of
Gravel in Pervious Concrete”, (IJETT) ISSN No.
2231- 5381, Volume: 4, Issue: 10, Page: 4306 –
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 Ghafoori, N., and Dutta, S, “Building and Non
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(NRMCA), “Freeze – Thaw Resistance of Pervious
Concrete”,Silver Spring, Maryland, 2004.
 http://www.concrete.org
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 IS: 2386-1963 Methods of test for aggregate for
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 IS: 516- 1959 Methods of tests for strength
of concrete.

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IRJET- Improvement in Properties of Porous Concrete using Fiber

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3618 IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING FIBER Pawan Patidar1, Dr. Sunil Sugandhi2 1M.E. Student JIT Borawan Khargone (M.P.) INDIA 2Dean Academic JIT Borawan Khargone(M.P.) INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Pervious concrete is a different type of concrete with highly porous structure used for concrete flatwork applications that allow water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, this reducing the runoff from a site and allowing to recharge ground water. This porosity is attained by a highly interconnected void content. In pervious concrete, the amount of fine aggregate is little or no fine aggregate such as sand, because of that it is referred as “No fine or less fine concrete”. The use of pervious concrete is significantly increasing due to reduction of road runoff and absorption of noise. This concrete is being used as paving material in the United States for the construction of parking lots, sidewalks and secondary roads. The production of better quality pervious concrete is necessary to meet specification requirements fortheconstructionofdurableperviousconcrete pavements. Till now many researchers have used different materials in the pervious concrete like flyash, rice husk, geogrids etc. Fibers can also be used to strengthen the pervious concrete, so it can easily be used for higher loads. Key Words - Pervious concrete, Compressive strength, Permeability, Split tensile strength. 1. INTRODUCTION Conventional cement concrete is generally used as building material in construction projects. The impervious nature of concrete leads to the increased water runoff into drainage system, over-burdening the infrastructure and causing excessive uncontrollable flooding in built-upareas.Pervious concrete has become substantial popular during recent decades, because of its potential share in solving environmental issues. Pervious concrete is a highly efficient concrete which has relatively high water permeability compare to conventional concrete due to interconnected void structure. Pervious concrete is also called as porous concrete and permeable concrete. It can be prepared by using conventional concrete-making materials, namely cement, cement supplementary materials, all typesofcoarse and no fine aggregates, and water. Pervious concrete is a type of concrete with considerable high water permeability compared to normal weight concrete. It has been mainly used for draining water from ground surface, so that storm water runoff is minimized. Duetohighwaterpermeabilityas compared to normal concrete, pervious concrete has very less compressive strength. Pervious concrete also referred to as “No-fine Concrete” or “Porous Concrete” is material comprisedofnarrowlygraded coarse aggregates, cementitious materials, water and admixture and in some cases fibers. Pervious concrete has been in use for more than 50 years in a variety of applications, recent EPA regulations are causing many owners and designers to reexamine applications of this unique material. Pervious concrete pavement is recognized as a structural infiltration BMP by the EPA for providing storm water management and first flush pollution control. The US green building council (USGBC) through its Leadership in Energy and Environmental design (LEED) Green Building rating system promotes sustainable construction of buildings. A pervious concrete pavement qualifies for LEED credits and is therefore sought by owners desiring for a high LEED certification. Pervious concrete paving reduces the runoff from paved areas, which allows the use of smaller capacity storm sewers and reduces the need for separate storm water retention ponds. Massive urbanization in Indian cities is causing the ground water to go deeper and is causing water shortage. For example; Cherrapunji suffers drought while the monsoons bring flooding Chandigarh city tapsgroundwater from deep confined aquifers which do not get naturally recharged. Further the rain water falls on the concrete and asphalt surfaces tends to carry a high level pollutionandthis pollution ends up in waterways ultimately .So, sustainable technologies like pervious concrete are likely to become more popular in India. In recent years, pervious concrete is widely gaining popularity as a viable paving material and a tool of sustainable development because of its environmental merits. Concern has been growing in recent years among public agencies, planners and developers, toward reducing the pollutants in water supplies and the environment. Recharging of the ground water supplies, reducing the quantity of storm water generated from developed areas, improving the storm water quality,reducingthedischargeof pollutants in water supplies and minimizing the effect of development on watersheds have becometheprimaryfocus area while developing a natural land. Although, whencomparedto conventional concrete, pervious concrete has a lower compressivestrength,greater permeability, and a lower unit weight. However, pervious concrete has a greater advantage in many regards. Nevertheless, it has its own limitations which must be put into effective consideration when planning its use. In both developed and developing countries waste management problem has already become severe. The
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3619 problem is compounded by the rapidly increasing amounts of industrial wastes of a complex nature and composition. Energy plays a crucial role in the growth of developing countries like India. In the context of low availability of non- renewable energy resources coupled with the requirements of large quantities of energy for Building Materials like cement, the importance of using industrial waste cannot be underestimated. Many research organizationsarepracticing extensive work on waste materials concerning the viability and environmental suitability. Recent researchers aimed at the conservation in the cement and the concrete industry focused on the use of waste materials waste glass such as glass powder, hypo sludge,ceramic waste,ricehusk ashsuch as fly ash, slag, silica fume in pervious concrete to increase the strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Many researchers have made attempts to use the waste materials to reduce the disposal problems and to improve the mechanical properties of pervious concrete. 2. Material 2.1 Cement Ordinary Portland cement (Ultratech) of 53 grade (confirming to IS 12269) is used throughout the experiment project i.e. after the curing of 28 days the compressive strength should not be less than 53 N/mm2. 2.2 Coarse Aggregate Aggregates can have a direct influence in the permeability, surface texture and appearance of the slab. A uniform large aggregate size will increase the permeability and decreased strength as compare to the smaller size aggregates. Locally available crushed angular coarse aggregate (conforming to IS:2386-1963 and IS:383-1970). Sizes of crushed angular aggregates with 100% passing through 10mm sieve and 100% retained on 6mm size sieve to be used in experiments. Fig. 1 Aggregate 2.3 Fiber Drip irrigation is used in fields by using different sizes of flexible pipes. Every year there is enormous amountofpipes get damaged and to be replaced by new one to continue the proper irrigation in the fields, it becomes scrape. It can be used to reinforce the pervious concrete by making its fibers. Using this fiber can be advantageous to increase the durability and strength of pervious concrete.Thefibersused are of drip pipes produced by Kisan pvt ltd. All the Drip Irrigation components manufactured by Kisan pvt ltd are from virgin materials to withstand UV radiation & meets the specification of ‘BIS’ Fig. 2 Fiber 2.4 Flyash Fly ash is fine powdered particle with spherical shape. It exists either solid or hollow and amorphous (glassy) in nature like silt. Its chemical properties of fly ash depend upon the type of coal used in ignition and the techniques used for handling. Flyash used is of class B. Fig. 3 Flyash 2.5 Water Water used in concrete mix and forcuringshouldconform to IS 456:2000. Water used for curing and mixingshall beclean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts,
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3620 sugar, organic material or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or steel. Potable water is considered satisfactory for mixing concrete. 3. METHODOLOGY Desired strength of pervious concrete is equivalent to plain concrete of grade M15 (1:2:4) i.e. for pervious concrete proportion of cement and coarse aggregate used is 1:4 respectively. Fine aggregates are removed to make the no fine concrete i.e. pervious concrete.  Proportion cement: coarse aggregate = 1:4  Water cement ratio = 0.3  Coarse aggregate size used 6mm to 10mm.  Cement used is OPC53 grade (Ultratech)  Sample one with fly ash content 20% of cement weight.  Sample two with fibercontent3%ofcementweight. 3.1 Compressive Strength Test Compressive strength tests were conductedona cubeofsize 150*150*150 mm at age of 7 days & 28 days curing. Standard testing machine with a most capability of 2000 KN was used at commonplace rateofloadingasperIS516-1959. Compressive strength, C = P/A. Its unit is N/mm2. Fig. 4 Compressive strength test 3.2 Split Tensile Strength Test Tests were conducted oncylindrical specimen withdiameter 100 mm & length 200 mm on a standard testing machine with a maximum capacity of 2000 KN at standard rate of loading as per IS 516-1959. Tests shall be made at the recognized ages of the test specimens,themostusual being7 and 28 days. Split Tensile strength = 2P/(πDL). Its unit is N/mm2. Fig. 4 Split tensile strength test 3.1 Permeability Test Permeability of pervious concrete can be tested by a falling head apparatus as recommended by code. Different apparatus outlines can be used but the mechanism of this pressure-decay method is the same. A pipe supplies sufficient water in the inlet and allows water flow through the sample and finally drainsfromtheoutlet.The waterhead in the inlet is allowed to lift to desired level and then maintained a steady flow through the pipes. When the test starts, the water-supplied valve is closed to free the water head in the inlet dropping progressively to level the water head at the outlet. The time interval ‘t’ (s) during which the water head falls from ‘h1’(cm) to ‘h2’ (cm) is recorded and the apparent permeability ‘k’ (cm/sec) of the sample can be computed by K = 2.303 × ×log( ) Where, A = cross section area of the specimen (in sq cm) L = length of specimen (in cm) a = cross section area of stand pipe (in sq. cm) t = time interval between head falls from h1 to h2 (sec) Fig. 6 Permeability Test
  • 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3621 4. RESULTS 4.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS  Average compressive strength of porous concrete using fiber at 7 days age of testing over flyash increased by 8.89%  Average compressive strength of porous concrete using fiber at 28 days age of testing over flyash increased by 4.55%. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Porous concrete with flyash Porous concrete with fiber COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH (MPa) MIX PROPORTION 7 days 28 days Graph 1 Compressive Strength 4.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS  Average split tensile strength of porous concrete using fiber after 7 days age of testing over flyash increased by 13.66%.  Average split tensile strength of porous concrete using fiber after 28 days age of testing over flyash increased by 17.82%. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Porous concrete with flyash Porous concrete with fiber SPLITTENSILESTRENGTH (MPa) MIX PROPORTION 7 Days Graph 2 Split Tensile Strength 4.3 PERMEABILITY TEST RESULTS  Average permeability coefficientofporousconcrete using fiber is increased by 2.25 times as compare to flyash porous concrete. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Porous concrete with flyash Porous concrete with fiber COEFFICIENTOFPERMEABILITY(cm/sec) coefficient of permeabi… Graph 3 Permeability of porous concrete 5. CONCLUSIONS From the various tests conducted the following conclusions can be made:-  Use of fibers leads to increase in compressive strength, split tensile strengthofporousconcrete as compare to flyash porous concrete.  It has been concluded from the research that permeability of porous concrete increases by using fibers as compare to flyash.  Comparative study on both the samples i.e. flyash and fiber, it is found that using fiber is beneficial to improve the properties of porous concrete. REFERENCES  Zhong, R. (2015). “Use of silica fume and ultra fine powder to improve performance of pervious concrete matrix.” International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 1(2), 69-76.  Bansal, R. (2015). “Replacement of cement to fly ash.” Highway Research Journal, 4(2), 43-51.  Talsania,S., Pitroda, J.K. (2015). “A review of pervious concrete by using industrial waste materials.” International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 2(12), 142-151.  Vyas, C., Obilade. (2014). “Use of rice husk ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.”
  • 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3622 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(4), 43-51.  Hesami, S., Ahmadi, S., Nematzadeh, M. (2014). “Effects of rice husk ash and fibre on mechanical properties of pervious concrete pavement.” Construction and Building Materials, (53), 680-691.  Shen, S., Burton, M., Johnson, B., Haselbach, L. (2012). “Pervious concrete with titanium di-oxide as a photocatalyst compound fora greenurban road environment.” Construction and Building Materials, 33, 874-883.  Ravindrarajah, S., Yukari, A. (2010). “Environmentally friendly pervious concrete for sustainable construction.” 35th Conference On Our World in Concrete and Structures (Singapore).  Jin, N. (2010). “Fly ash applicability in pervious concrete.” International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 1(4), 37-44.  Talsania,S., Pitroda, J.K. (2015). “Effect of rice husk ash on properties of pervious concrete.” International Journal of Advance Engineering,6(10), 269-299.  Karthik, H. (2010). “Pervious concrete – an overview.” IRC Journal, 2(5), 9-18.  Aoki, Y. (2009). “Development of pervious concrete.”Journal of Structural and Civil Enginineering, 1(2), 12-14.  Sivasundaram, V., Malhotra, V.M. (2004). “High performance high volume fly ash concrete.” The Indian Concrete Journal, 78(11), 13-21.  Srinivasan, P., Tiwari, A.K.., Banchhor, A. (2004). “Suitability of HVFA concrete for pavements.” The Indian Concrete Journal, 78(11), 58-61.  Rajamane, N.P., Sabitha, D. (2005) “Effect of fly ash and silica fume on alkalinity of cement mortars.” The Indian Concrete Journal, 79(3), 43-48.  Hamidah, M. (2006). “Strenght properties of grade 30 rice husk ash concrete.” 31st Conference On Our World in Concrete and Structures (Singapore).  Dattatreya, J.K., Neelamegam, M., Rajamane, N.P. (2006). “A comparison of effects of ultra fine fly ash and silica fume in concrete.” The Indian Concrete Journal, 80(2), 44-50.  Basu, P.C., Saraswati, S. (2006). “High volume fly ash concrete with indian ingredients.” The Indian Concrete Journal, 80(3), 37-48.  Sri Ravindrarajah et al. “Environmentally Friendly Pervious Concrete for Sustainable Construction”,35th Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures,Singapore,Page25-27,2010.  Na Jin, “Fly Ash Applicability in Pervious Concrete”, The Ohio State University, 2010. [  Siddharth talsania et al. “A Review of Pervious Concrete by Using Various Industrial Waste Materials”, Page 142-151, 2015.  V. R. Patil et al. “Use Of Pervious Concrete In Construction Of Pavement For Improving Their Performance” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN: 2278-1684, Page 54- 56, 2010.  M. Uma Maguesvari et al. “study of pervious concrete with various cement content”, IJATES, Volume No.02, Issue No. 08, Page 522-531, 2014.  S.O. Ajamu et al. “Evaluation of structural performance of pervious concrete in construction”, IJET, ISSN 2049-3444, Volume 2 No. 5, Page 829- 836, 2015.  Darshan S. Shah et al. “An experimental study on durability and water absorption properties of pervious concrete”, IJRET, pISSN: 2321-7308, Volume: 03 Issue: 03, Page 439-444, 2004.  Sukamal Kanta Ghosh et al.“A review on performance of pervious concrete using waste materials”, IJRET- Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13, Page 105-115, 2015.  National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA), “What, Why, and How? Pervious Concrete”, Concrete in Practice series, CIP 38,Silver Spring, Maryland, 2004.  Tawatchai Tho-in et al., “Pervious high-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete” Construction and Building Materials 30, Page 366–371, 2012.  Darshan S. Shah et al., “Pervious Concrete: New Era for Rural Road Pavement”, (IJETT) ISSN No. 2231- 5381, Volume: 4, Issue: 8, Page: 3496 – 3500, 2013.  Darshan S. Shah et al., “Assessment for use of Gravel in Pervious Concrete”, (IJETT) ISSN No. 2231- 5381, Volume: 4, Issue: 10, Page: 4306 – 4310, 2013.  Ghafoori, N., and Dutta, S, “Building and Non pavement Applications of No-Fines Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 7, Number 4, Page. 286-289, 1995.  ACI 552R: “Report on PerviousConcrete”,American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 2010.  National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA), “Freeze – Thaw Resistance of Pervious Concrete”,Silver Spring, Maryland, 2004.  http://www.concrete.org  http://www.concretenetwork.com/pervious/  IS: 2386-1963 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete.  IS : 383-1970 Specification for Coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete..  IS: 3812-1981, Specification for fly ash for use as pozzolana and admixture.  IS: 516- 1959 Methods of tests for strength of concrete.