This slide about Reactive & pigment printing process.

2. MAJHARUL ISLAM
BTE00505254

3. TOPIC NAME
REACTIVE &
PIGMENT PRINTING

4. Introduction
Reactive dye printing is a method of printing a dye or
wax by using mixes thereof to create colors. With a
binder and a heat-activated printing additive images
can be permanently bonded to the substrate. These
reactions are generally heat-activated.

5. This can be described as:
Here,
>Chromophore Group (Azo, Anthaquinone,
Phthalocyanine, Metal complex group)
>Bridging Group ( Amino, Ethyl &, etc) Methyl,
Oxide, Sulphide group)
>Reactive Group (-Cl, -Br, -SH, -OCH)

6. HISTORY
On the occasion of 100 year’s celebration of synthetic
dye manufacturing, two chemists of ICI company
(UK) named Stephen and Rattee tried to
manufacture a new dyestuff. Thus they succeed to
invent a new dye in 1956, which was named
REACTIVE DYE. This was manufacture for dyeing
cellulosic fabrics. The first three reactive dyes were
PROCION YELLOWR, PROCION BRILLIANT RED
2B and PROCION BLUE 3G.for this effort they were
awarded gold medal of the society of dyes and
colorists for the year 1960.

7. Popularity of reactive Printing:
Reactive printing are mostly used for printed cotton fabric.
Popularity of reactive printing:
i) Ability to procedure bright shades of wide range.
ii) High leveling quality.
iii) Good washing fastness.
iv) Good light fastness.
v) Low temperature dyeing (below 1000C)
vi) Lower cost
vii)Na – Alginate thickener is required.
For the above reasons reactive printing are more popular.

8. FABRIC PRINTING
By reactive printing the following fabric can be printed :
 Cotton
 Rayon
 Flax &
 Other Cellulosic fabric

10. PROPERTIES
 Reactive dye is anionic in nature.
 Reactive dye is a water soluble dye.
 They have better wash and light fastness properties.
 They have better substantiality.
 They form strong co-valet bond with the cellulosic fiber.
 Alkaline condition is must required for dyeing.
 Na – Alginate thickener is required.
 A certain amount of dyes are hydrolyzed during
application.
 Wide range of color can be produced with reactive dyes.
 Comparatively cheap in price.

11. Classification of reactive dyes:
On the basis of dyeing temperature:
a) Cold brand:
These types of dyes contain reactive group of high reactivity. So
dyeing can be done in lower temperature i.e. 200-400C.
they are highly reactive with fibre on this temperature .
b) Medium brand:
This type of dyes is applied in a medium temperature range is
between 500-700C .There reactivity is medium with fiber .
c) Hot brand:
This type of dyes as very low reactivity properties with
comparison with medium and high brand reactivity. Dyes isd carried
out above 800C .

12. Flow Chart of Reactive Printing
Pre-treatment ( Singeing, Desizing, Scouring
Bleaching, Mercerization.)
↓
Printing
(with seq.agent, alkali, dyes, glycerin, thickener, binder)
↓
Curing (Fixation of the printed dye ,
(Temp.130-160°C within 30-60s)
↓
Drying

13. PIGMENT PRINTING
 Pigments are colors which do not dissolve and
penetrate into the fibers. They have not be applied
together with a film forming binder. More than 50% of
all printing colors are pigment types . It represents an
alternative to direct printing. In this system there is no
need to carry out a steaming process.

14. HISTORY
The economic importance of pigments in printing is substantial since
around 1960 these have become the largest colorant group for textile
prints. For more than 3000 years, mineral pigments have been ground
with natural binding agents and ‘applied’ to the textile to form a pattern.
Even though pigment printing is the oldest printing method, it was
unimportant until the Second World War because of the poor results of
the technique, dull colours, loss of textile character as a result of
hardening, and poor fastness to wear and washing.
In the 1920s dispersions of useful organic pigments like those found in
pigment printing today were available on the market. In the 1930s
emulsion copolymerisation of olefinic substances was discovered at the
former IG Farben in Leverkusen and Ludwigshafen. In 1937 the first
pigment printing pastes based on water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions were
developed in the USA by interchemical Corporation.

15. Flow Chart of Pigment Printing
Pigment printing is carried out as the following way:
Fabric Pre-treatment
↓
Table preparation
↓
Fabric plaited on the table
↓
Pigment printing paste apply with the help of screen
↓
Drying (90-100%/110-120°C)
↓
Curing at 160ºc (belt speed 6.50 m/min)
↓
Washing (Some time is not need)
↓
Delivery

17. Components Of Pigment Printing
A pigment printing system consists of three essential
components:
1.Pigment dispersion: Specific pigments are treated in a grinding
mill in the presence of suitable non-ionic surfactants. A particle
size of 0.1-3 μm is typical. Generally, the pigment pastes are
aqueous based and contain the dispersing agent.
2. Binders and cross-linking agents (polymers): The binders
used in pigment printing systems are film-forming substances
made up of long-chain macro molecules which, when heated
with a suitable acid-donating catalyst, form a three-dimensional
structure in the pigment.
3.Thickeners and auxiliary agents: These give the required print
thickening power

18. CHARACTERISTICS
A good quality of pigment printing contain some
characteristics.
Brilliance and high color value related to pigment
concentration .
Minimum stiffening in the handle of the textile.
Acceptable fastness properties.

19. ADVANTAGES
 Applicable to natural and synthetic fiber.
 Wide range of color can be produced.
 Can be used for dope dyeing for filament yarn.
 Easily applicable.
 Less expensive.
 Maximum output of goods because of the elimination of
washing-off. quick sampling and high printing speed.
 Good color fastness properties .
 Properly produced pigment prints, using selected products.
 Extremely well suited for color resist effects, for example,
under azoic and reactive dyes.

20. DISADVANTAGES
 Not controllable for the binder film .
 The jamming up of equipment and air and water
pollution is observed.
 Wet and rubbing fastness is average.
 The handle of the printed goods is often unduly hard
because of the large amounts of external cross linking
agents.
 The original surface of the textile material is covered
by the binder film. This is occasionally aesthetically
effective but usually undesirable

21. Application of Pigment Printing:
Uses of Pigment printing is wide range. The garments of
the women which are made by cotton, polyester or
viscose blends are printed by pigments if the medium
color depths are needed. Decorative curtain, towels are
printed by pigments. Pigment printing also used in
bed linen, aprons, children’s garments, night wear
dresses, various cottons and cellulose materials.

22. CONCLUSION
Reactive printing & pigment printing both are very
useful in textile sector. Now a days reactive printing
mainly used for cellulosic fabric like cotton , where
reactive dyes and binder used. Pigment printing can be
used for all kinds of fabric, where washing & fixation
are not required. So both are importance