4. Tourism’s potential impact on the health of
the local host communities can be direct or
indirect. One example of direct impact is t
he possible transmission of diseases from
travellers to locals. Nowadays, the
emergence of new infectious diseases or
the re-emergence of diseases thought to be
eradicated are causing great concern, and
travel is a major contributor to their spread.

6. Tourism
Industry
Affected by
A (H1N1)

7. Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease
caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the
respiratory tract of pigs, resulting in nasal secretions,
a barking cough, decreased appetite, and listless
behavior. Swine flu produces most of the same
symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people.
Swine flu can last about one to two weeks in pigs
that survive. Swine influenza virus was first isolated
from pigs in 1930 in the U.S. and has been
recognized by pork producers and veterinarians to
cause infections in pigs worldwide.

8. Investigators think the 2009 swine flu strain, first
seen in Mexico, should be termed novel H1N1 flu
since it is mainly found infecting people and exhibits
two main surface antigens, H1 (hemagglutinin type
1) and N1 (neuraminidase type1). Recent
investigations show the eight RNA strands from
novel H1N1 flu have one strand derived from human
flu strains, two from avian (bird) strains, and five
from swine strains. Swine flu is transmitted from
person to person by inhalation or ingestion of
droplets containing virus from people sneezing or
coughing; it is not transmitted by eating cooked pork
products.

9. Avian
influenza
Bird flu;
H5N1

10. Avian influenza is flu infection in birds. The
virus that causes the bird infectin can
change (mutate) to infect humans. Such
mutation could start a deadly worldwide
epidemic.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The first avian influenza virus to infect
humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The
epidemic was linked to chickens and
classified as avian influenza A (H5N1).

11. Human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
have since been reported in Asia, Africa,
Europe, Indonesia, Vietnman, the Pacific, and
the near East. Hundreds of people have
become sick with this virus. Slightly more
than 60% of those who became ill have died.
The more the avian flu virus spreads, the
greater the chances of a worldwide outbreak
in humans. There is a tremendous concern
that H5N1 poses an enormous pandemic
threat.

12. Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)

13. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a
blood-borne, sexually transmissible virus.
The virus is typically transmitted via sexual
intercourse, shared intravenous drug
paraphernalia, and mother-to-child
transmission (MTCT), which can occur
during the birth process or during
breastfeeding.