“Iso-Inertial Exercise Technology" - An apt Physiotherapy Additive in the field of Sports Medicine.

1. “ISO-INERTIAL EXERCISE TECHNOLOGY”,
AN APT PHYSIOTHERAPYADDITIVE IN THE
FIELD OF SPORTS MEDICINE

2. INTRODUCTION
• Muscle injuries are commonest problems any sports
professional can encounter and which causes is the
hindrance to the sports performance
• The modifiable factors related to physical skills such
as flexibility, aerobic capacity, strength and speed can
be improved with right intervention
• Iso-inertial technology devices are the important
developments in the field of sports physiotherapy
• The prime objective of this paper is to highlight the
importance and benefits of Iso-inertial exercise
technology as a Physiotherapy additive in the field of
Sports medicine.

3. TYPES OF EXERCISES
Isometric (constant muscle length) - a muscle producing tension without a change in
joint angle, because the muscle still shortens until its elastic limit is reached after
which muscle length is held constant with no change in joint angle.
Isotonic (constant muscle tension) - a muscle produces tension resulting in the muscle
fiber lengthening (eccentric muscle action) or shortening (concentric muscle action),
theoretically under isotonic conditions muscle force (or tension) is constant and velocity
of movement variable.
Isokinetic (constant velocity of motion) - a situation where velocity of movement is
fixed through the use of a dynamometer and the force (or torque) is allowed to vary
according to the difference between the velocity allowed and the intended velocity of
movement exerted by the subject.
Isoinertial (constant load) - movements with constant inertia = mass. A weight is placed
on an extremity (arm or leg) and the extremity is put through a range or motion (or pattern
of movement of that extremity). This range of motion can change direction but the force
on the extremity doesn't change. Has concentric (so-called muscle shortening)
and eccentric (so-called muscle lengthening) exercise components in it

4. TYPES OF CONTRACTION

5. ISO-INERTIAL EXERCISE
• Isoinertial denotes a type of resistance used in
exercise training which maintains a
constant inertia throughout the range of motion,
facilitating a constant resistance and maximal
muscle force in every angle.
• Isoinertial (constant load) is movements with
performed with constant inertia = mass.

6. CONCEPT OF ISO-INERTIAL
EXERCISE
•A weight is placed on an
extremity and the extremity is put
through a range or motion. This
range of motion can change
direction but the force on the
extremity doesn't change.
• It has concentric (muscle
shortening) and eccentric(muscle
lengthening) exercise
components.

7. HISTORY OF ISO-INERTIAL
DEVICES
• First device by Frenchman Francis Lowndes in
1796 (Good et al., 1819)

8. ISO-INERTIAL DEVICES
A SOLUTION FOR SPACE CREW..
• National Aeronautics Space and
Administration (NASA) and the
international space medicine
community recognized muscle loss and
associated neuromuscular dysfunction
following travel in spaceflight.
• Berg and Tesch(1994), found solution
by described how inertia of a spinning
flywheel(s) could be utilized to execute
Iso-inertial resistance exercise using
devices

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• These iso-inertial devices use the
flywheel principle to produce unlimited
resistance during the entire range of
motion
• Pulling, pushing or curling the strap,
which is anchored to a pivoting lever
arm of the apparatus, a handle
attachment, or a harness worn by the
trainee (Alkner et al., 2003; Norrbrand et al.,
2011), initiates rotation of the fixed
shaft, which holds the flywheel(s)

10. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• During the concentric
contraction phase the force
applied unwinds a cord/strap
connected to the shaft with the
flywheel, which starts to rotate
and store energy
• Once the concentric action is
completed, the cord/strap
rewinds and the exerciser must
resist the pull of the flywheel
by performing a braking,
eccentric muscle action.

11. THE FLYWHEEL EXERCISE DEVICE
(YO-YO)

12. VERSA PULLEY(CONICAL PULLEY)

13. INERTIAL TRAINING AND
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

14. GUIDELINES FOR ISO-INERTIAL
EXECISE TRAINING
The standard exercise protocol using Iso-inertia
devices (4 sets of seven repetitions; 90–180 s rest
between sets) should be performed no more than
twice weekly with at least 48 h recovery between
sessions. (Tesch et al., 2017)

15. SIDE EFFECTS AND SAFETY ISSUES
• The eccentric exercise provokes muscle damage
and subsequent inflammatory symptoms,
resulting in DOMS (Newham et al., 1983; Hortobagyi et al.,
1998; Krentz and Farthing, 2010; Fernandez-Gonzalo et al., 2012)
• But, it also found that muscle power was
increased by 50% greater than that was noted
initially (Fernandez-Gonzalo et al., 2014)
• The individualised Iso-inertial exercise training
using these devices usually does not pose any
adverse effects (Tesch et al.,2017)

16. APPLICATIONS OF ISO-INERTIAL
EXERCISE TECHNOLOGY
• Iso-inertial exercise technology is proved to be
useful for geriatric populations and athletes and
other patients in need of rehabilitation following
muscle wasting or orthopedic/ neurological
trauma and in preventing sports injuries
(Fernandez-Gonzalo et al., 2014; Sarmiento et al., 2014; Abat et
al., 2015; Oliveira et al., 2015; Gual et al., 2016; Prieto-
Mondragon 2016)

17. DISCUSSION & RESULTS
• This review based on the literature survey indicates
that brief episodes of eccentric overload induced
by iso-inertial exercise technology devices
performed at high intensity are associated with
greater improvements in both concentric and
eccentric force, muscle power and muscle
hypertrophy in healthy and well-trained subjects
• These results suggests that eccentric overload is
beneficial for elite players in both injury
prevention and performance improvement.

18. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
• The available evidences suggests that Iso-
inertial exercise technology has sure benefits
on improving strength, power and muscle mass
which improves the overall performance of
sports individuals when compared to
traditional, gravity-dependent resistance
exercise.

19. CONCLUSION
• It may be concluded that Iso-inertial exercise
technology is a useful Physiotherapy additive
in improving the overall performance of Sports
professionals.
• It is very crucial for everyone who involved in
sports rehabilitation to understand, upgrade
themselves and incorporate these technological
developments in their routine practices.