1. Overview of the FAO - Government of
Kenya Agrobiodiversity Programme
FAO–Netherlands Partnership Programme
(FNPP II - 2005 – 2007)
Collaboration for policy and strategic support
for sustainable ecosystems, rural livelihoods
and food security
by Sally Bunning FAO-Rome and Michael
Makokha, FAO-Kenya
2. • People centred (gender
equity)
• Inter-sectoral process
• Strengthen existing
programme activities
• Policy impact in short/
medium term
• Ecosystem approach
• Opportunity to establish
synergies
• Integrating water
Guiding principles of Kenya strategic
integrated programme
Agrobiodiversity Forestry
Food Security
3 Themes
3. AgBio Programme framework and linkages
Local community FFS
action in Lake Zone
district - fishing
communities
Local community
FFS action in
Dryland district
-agropastoral
communities
Training institutes -
information and
curricula devt.
Integrated land use,
resources and
agrobiodiversity
assessment INRA
Policy dialogue- mainstreaming
AGBD, enabling environment
Harmonisation AGBD, FS, FO
Specific
studies
markets and
seed system Specific
databases-
invasive
spp.
Case
studies
and policy
briefs
Feedback
1a
1b
2
3
Status /trends of
plant genetic
resources
4. AGBD Programme responds to needs identified
Habitat management
(beaches, user rights, pollination)
Integrated resources management
(agro-ecological approaches; river basin management, soil, water,
biological resources)
Alternative livelihoods
(fishing communities)
Invasiveness
(e.g. Prosopis – other woody species. learning from fisheries)
Responding to HIV/AIDS
(labour saving CA approaches, nutrition, fisher-trader links)
Drought resilience
(local varieties/species, runoof management
Markets - Seeds Networks
(prices, organisation, farming as a business)
5. Agrobiodiversity Programme (1): Local level
– FFS in diverse farming systems/AEZ
2
Identifying and adapting agro-
biodiversity management
options + opportunities
1) Mwingi district, semi-arid
agro-pastoral drought
resilient, mixed systems
2. Bondo district, Sub-humid
Lake Zone sustainable,
productive aquatic and
terrestrial systems
3. Coastal zone: INRA pilot
1
Link with drylands
Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia
Link across Lake
Victoria basin
6. Encourage partnerships for institutional
capacity building & integrated NR
management.
Multiple Partners are identified for synergy and collaboration
• Ministries of Agriculture and Livestock
• Departments: Resource survey and remote sensing; Fisheries
and forestry
• Ministry of Environment and Education
• technical bodies KARI, KEFRI, ICRAF,ITDG, JKU, ICRISAT,
ILRI, KEMFRI...
• Community level: District, FFS, Extension,
• Universities (Egerton, Moi, Jomo Kenyatta)
• Training colleges- teacher training, agriculture and forestry
• Partner organisations: ICRISAT, Bioversity, ITDG, CIKSAP
• Aim attention/ development of a steering committee at policy
level
8. • Community resources management + impacts (species, habitats, etc.)
• Changing customs and innovations (practices, by-laws, diet, recipes..)
• Local conservation strategies; individual and communal
• Effects of markets and market development
• Ecological services e.g. pollination, beekeeping; soil health, water
• Impact of cash crops (on systems, income, environment, security..)
• IPM, safe use and beneficial insect species
• Links with other actors (nutrition, health, business management etc.)
Coast: Farming, fish farming and
fisheries in Lake Victoria basin
• Local vegetables (income, nutrition, ..)
• Alien species
• 2 fisheries scenarios: river (aquaculture)
and lake (catch)
• Upstream agric. and non-agricultural
practices affecting aquatic area
• Changes in aquatic area (not only fish)
• Conservation and use – e.g. products of
wild harvested spp.such as Papyrus
Mwingi: Drought resilient
agropastoral systems
• Genebank of local varieties
• Communal seed systems (storage)
• Effects of commercialised crops
• Drought resistant crops: sorghum
varieties; green gram; pigeon pea
• Resilient, productive systems (water
harvesting etc.)
Identified General topics for FFS process
9. Expanding FFS to agro-pastoral
communities?
Challenges
• From individual farms to communal land
• Community extension facilitators
• Group experimentation
• Curriculum
10. FFS
Resource management
systems,
land & water,
Diversification- species,
habitat management
Soil health, pollination,
aquaculture + fishery
LInKS
1a)Targets farmer groups, extension/facilitators
PRA and AGBD study
Identify issues for FFS
Curriculum development
FFS Conduct and evaluation
Documenting process and
lessons
11. • Curriculum development – integrate AGBD in training
• Training materials/ short courses
• Livelihood approaches- HIV/AIDS, gender, nutrition
• Exchange between extension and training
• Workshops with colleges
• Development of Case studies and Policy briefs
1.b) Targets extension and technical staff
seed fair Kenya
FFS in Kenya
12. Example of a training module and FFS study
Pollination is an important ecosystem function that affects crop
production
• An ecosystem service critical in agriculture
• Determines plant diversity and food supply 60% of food
plants insect pollinated
• Role in sustaining natural plant populations
• Direct influence on fruit set, seed set, fruit quality and
quantity
Work being conducted with Jomo kenyatta University (Grace
Njoroge et al) developing training modules + FFS study
13. Work on pollination in kenya
• Pollination has direct influence on yields even at low
fertilizer levels
• Farmers have important local knowledge – need to
document and use
• Capacity building: Need for interactive training and Public
awareness on role on ecological functions e.g. pollination,
soil biodiversity etc.– to affect policy
• Assessment: Need more surveys especially for crops in
fragile ecosystems to monitor pollinator declines and
causes with local people
• Adaptive management: Strategy for conservation and
management of pollination services
– Cashew nuts: flies, ants and honeybees for nut development
– Coffee – improves flavor
– Sunflower and cotton - oil output increased
– Coconut - bees yield doubled.
14. AgBio 2: Improving access to information &
knowledge
2.a INRA: Integrated natural resources (and
biodiversity) assessment
(builds on forest resources assessment)
- Assess available information and needs
(status and trends - land use,
habitat/species)
- Develop and pilot inter-sectoral
methodology (AGBD, land use, land, water,
other natural resources, ecosystem)
- Identify indicator and tools (field survey,
transects, RRA-questionnaire)
- Capacity building (Participatory mapping
and assessment; RS, sampling,
- Compatible data, database development
and analysis)
Targets technical capacity & informed decision making
by policy makers/resource managers
15. Improving access to information & knowledge
(continued)
2.b) Information systems on alien species in fisheries
and forestry (for management and early warning)
2c) Information on plant genetic resources for food
an agriculture
– Assess status of genetic resources with FFS
– Train people to collect and analyse data
– Improve the quality of information about PGRFA status and
dynamics
– Contribute to reporting commitment to State of World report on
PGRFA
– link with over 26 key PGR institutions
Targets: technical + extension level (Partners: Genebank, IPGRI..)
16. 2d) Research on Managing Seed Systems to promote
the sustainable utilization of crop genetic resources:
Two focus areas
1. Using markets to promote sustainable use of CGR
How to manage seed systems to promote sustainable
agriculture, improved farm welfare and in situ conservation
of important crop genetic diversity. Methodology development
– Case studies: Mali, Kenya, India, Mexico, Bolivia
2. Economic analysis of seed system impacts on farm
welfare and on farm diversity
Assessing the links between seed systems and farm level
use of crops and varieties and their implications for welfare
and diversity
Case studies: Ethiopia (Sorghum, Wheat); Mozambique (cowpea)
India (Pearl Millet) Mexico (Maize) in partnership with IPGRI,
ICRISAT, IFPRI, and CIMMYT
17. Work together to achieve happy healthy
farmers and ecosystems
Smallholders access market prices
from rural info kiosks, c/o Pride africa,
IDRC
Notas del editor
Linkages/synergies being developed among themes for integrated process
Coordination for more effective programmes and actions (identify gaps, avoid duplication)
Impact on policy: within 2 years contribute to harmonised policy (agro-environment, food and nutrition policy, agroforestry)
In longer term improve programme synergy and resource allocations and improve situation for rural people through Inter-sectoral/disciplinarity
Integrating AGBD in FFS activities in Bondo + Mwingi
Community appraisal of AGBD situation and awareness
CurricuIum development to improve understanding and know-how on AGBD conservation and sustainable use
Farmer field schools for Promoting farmer innovations, use of Indigenous knowledge and Technology transfer on AGBD to improve food and livelihood security
Community Action - Research: Test and adapt improved management practices, study plots, demonstrations, innovation, experimentation, local knowledge
Impact analysis on agro-ecosystems and livelihoods
Impact of markets- response to / increase options
1.b Integrating agrobiodiversity in training institutions
Assessment of training institutes to work with
Coordination with Ministry of Education and KIE for teacher training, education, etc.
- Identify gaps and opportunities in existing curricula of selected training institutes (e.g. Egerton + Baraka; Moi Uni. (fisheries, UJK- pollinators);
Link with FFS for documentation, case studies and practical experiences
Integrate human and biophysical systems dimensions
