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1. Joint Virtual MIMO and Data Gathering for Wireless
Sensor Networks
ABSTRACT:
Virtual multi-input multi-output (MIMO) or vMIMO is becoming an attractive
technology to achieve spatial diversity in wireless networks without using
additional antennas, and to reduce power consumption by cooperation among
multiple nodes. As data gathering is one of the most important operations in many
sensor network applications, this paper studies energy-efficient data gathering in
wireless sensor networks using vMIMO. We define the joint vMIMO and data
gathering (vMDG) problem, which is NPhard. We also propose a distributed
method called D-vMDG as an approximation algorithm. This algorithm first
constructs a tree-like topology by taking the unique features of vMIMO into
account. Then, an energy-efficient routing protocol based on dynamic
programming is proposed for each node on the constructed topology. Our
theoretical analysis shows that D-vMDG can achieve an approximation ratio of
Oð1Þ. Our simulations show that D-vMDG decreases the energy consumption by
81 and 36 percent compared to the well-known MDT [26] and MIMO-LEACH
[19] algorithms respectively.

2. EXISTING SYSTEM:
The energy-efficient data gathering problem in sensor networks has been
extensively investigated using the traditional communication scheme (SISO). For
many monitoring applications with a periodic reporting pattern, a tree-based
topology was adopted due to its simplicity and energy efficiency, which were two
important factors to consider in resource-constrained networks. The work
constructed a topology for data gathering with fusion based on the SISO and MISO
modes. Another work adopted vMIMO to improve energy-efficiency of data
gathering with fusion in a cluster-based wireless sensor network. Generally
speaking, the above works largely ignored the impact of topology structures on the
energy consumption of vMIMO-based data gathering, and did not consider the
joint optimization of topology construction and vMIMO communications.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
 They not consider the joint optimization of topology construction
 Also not consider vMIMO communications

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
This project proposes a novel and energy-efficient data gathering method using
vMIMO for wireless sensor networks. We first define the joint vMIMO and data
gathering (vMDG) problem, and formally prove that this problem is NP-Hard. As
the problem is difficult to solve optimally due to its high computational
complexity, we propose a distributed and heuristic algorithm called D-vMDG,
which consists of two steps. The first step selects a set of cooperative node pairs
and constructs a tree-like topology by taking the unique features of vMIMO into
consideration. Then, an energy-efficient routing protocol based on dynamic
programming is proposed forthe constructed topology.
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
 Consider the joint optimization
 Reduce the energy consumption
 Provide the efficient data gathering

4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Virtual MIMO
(vMIMO)
Use Distributed
Heuristic Algorithm
(DvMDG)
Energy Efficient
Data Gathering
Implement energy
efficient protocol
Reduce the energy
consumption
Constructs a tree-
like topology
Efficient Data
Gathering

6. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
 Hard Disk : 40 GB.
 Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
 Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
 Mouse : Logitech.
 Ram : 512 Mb.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Operating system : Windows XP/7/LINUX.
 Implementation : NS2
 NS2 Version : NS2.2.28
 Front End : OTCL (Object Oriented Tool Command
Language)
 Tool : Cygwin (To simulate in Windows OS)

7. REFERENCE:
Hongli Xu, Member, IEEE, Liusheng Huang, Member, IEEE, Chunming Qiao,
Fellow, IEEE, Weichao Dai, and Yu-e Sun, “Joint Virtual MIMO and Data
Gathering for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 26, NO. 4, APRIL 2015.