1. THE 1920’S, GREAT DEPRESSION & NEW DEAL Unit # 3

3. WARREN HARDING & SCANDAL - CALVIN COOLIDGE The 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

5. 1920 Presidential Electoral Votes

10. Calvin Coolidge, 30 th President of the United States Coolidge brought trust back to the Office of the President but never ran for re-election. Many believe because his son died while Coolidge was in office

19. AMERICAN HEROES AND AMERICAN CULTURE The 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

26. POW!

30. WOMEN & FLAPPERS OF THE 1920’S The 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

31. The Traditional (Victorian) Woman 1890-1918

32. Description of the 1920’s Woman - Independent - Unconventional - Ambitious - Adventurous - Fun-loving - Intelligent - Free - Assertive - Foolish - “garconne”

34. Flapper Fashion

35. Flapper Fashion

45. 1920’s Films

50. “ Chain Gang” by William Johnson

51. “ Soul History” by Romare Bearden

53. “ Les Fetiches” by Lois Mailou Jones

56. “ Jammin’ at the Savoy” by Romare Bearden

57. TRADITIONAL VERSUS MODERN CULTURE The 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

59. Who are the undesirables?

63. “ IN ALL MY LIFE I HAVE NEVER STOLE, NEVER KILLED, NEVER SPILLED BLOOD…WE WERE TRIED DURING A TIME…WHEN THERE WAS HYSTERIA OF RESENTMENT AND HATE AGAINST THE PEOPLE OF OUR PRINCIPLES, AGAINST THE FOREIGNER…I AM SUFFERING BECAUSE I AM A RADICAL; I HAVE SUFFERED BECAUSE I WAS AN ITALIAN AND INDEED I AM AN ITALIAN… ~ BARTOLOMEA VANZETTI

64. “ The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti” by Ben Shahn The Characters standing are the President of Harvard University (middle), President of MIT, and a former Massachusetts judge Grant; All known for the prejudice feelings. This case came to symbolize the rift between immigrants and native-born Americans at the time

65. The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti divided the nation concerning values, rights and immigration.

87. PROHIBITION AND ORGANIZED CRIME The 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

90. Why do you think it was so difficult to enforce the Volstead Act?

94. Al Capone His nickname was “Scarface” after he was attacked by a man who was defending his sister. Capone received three cuts from the knife.

96. Causes and Effects of Prohibition

97. THE GREAT DEPRESSION & NEW DEAL 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

103. The number of registered automobiles in America increased by more than 20 million from 1910-1930.

104. The “Tin Lizzie” or Ford Model T was the most popular automobile

107. FUNCTIONS OF THE STOCK MARKET AND BANKING 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

108. CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

110. Herbert Hoover (Republican) – 30 th President of the United States of America. Hoover is remembered as the President during the start of the Great Depression He calls for “Rugged Individualism”  In the style of laissez-faire politics

114. “ THE BIG BULL MARKET WAS DEAD. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS’ WORTH OF PROFITS – AND PAPER PROFITS – HAD DISAPPEARED. THE GROCER, THE WINDOW CLEANER, AND THE SEAMSTRESS HAD LOST THEIR CAPITAL [SAVINGS]. IN EVERY TOWN THERE WERE FAMILIES WHICH HAD SUDDENLY DROPPED FROM SHOWY AFFLUENCE INTO DEBT… WITH THE BIG BULL MARKET GONE AND PROSPERITY GOING, AMERICANS WERE SOON TO FIND THEMSELVES LIVING IN AN ALTERED WORLD WHICH CALLED FOR NEW ADJUSTMENTS, NEW IDEAS, NEW HABITS OF THOUGHT, AND A NEW ORDER OF VALUES.” ~ FREDERICK LEWIS ALLEN On the 1929 Stock Market Crash…

116. Warm Up : After reading the excerpt, answer the following question: If you were living during the Great Depression, do you think that you would feel the same way as Senator Huey Long or would you be more optimistic about the future of America? “ This great and grand dream of America, that all men are created free and equal, endowed with the inalienable right of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness, this great dream of America, this great light, and this great hope, have almost gone out of sight in this day and time, and everybody knows it. There is a mere candle flicker here and yonder to take place of what the great dream of America was supposed to be.” ~ Senator Huey Long of Louisiana

117. THE IMPACT OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION ON SOCIETY 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

118. With millions unemployed, men looked everywhere for jobs to put food on the tables for their families. The Depression impacts not just those with money in the Stock Market, but even the common worker and family.

120. Breadline full of men in New York City

121. A lone man stands during the Dust Storms in Oklahoma

122. Dust Bowl in Oklahoma during the Great Depression

125. Timeline of The Dust Bowl 1931 - Severe drought hits the Midwestern and southern plains. As the crops die, the 'black blizzards" begin. Dust from the over-plowed and over-grazed land begins to blow. 1932 - The number of dust storms increases. Fourteen are reported this year; next year there will be 38. 1934 – (May) Great dust storms spread from the Dust Bowl area. The drought is the worst ever in U.S. history, covering more than 75 percent of the country and affecting 27 states severely. 1934 – (December ) The "Yearbook of Agriculture" for 1934 announces, "Approximately 35 million acres of formerly cultivated land have essentially been destroyed for crop production. . . . 100 million acres now in crops have lost all or most of the topsoil; 125 million acres of land now in crops are rapidly losing topsoil. . . "

127. Dust Storm

131. Faces of the Dust Bowl

132. “ Okies” on their way to California, a photograph very much like the scenes from “Grapes of Wrath”

134. Homeless Family on the road during the Depression

137. “ Migrant Mother” (1936) is the most well-known photograph from the Great Depression time period By Dorothea Lange

139. The inside of a school in Alabama

142. TWO RESPONSES TO THE DEPRESSION 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

144. QUICK RESPONSES Question # 1 – Think back to what you know of America? Is Rugged Individualism consistent with the definition of America? Why or why not? Question # 2 – What is the role of the federal government?

146. Above: Picture of the Colorado River before the Construction of the Dam Below: Diagram of the Hoover Dam

147. The Hoover Dam, as it was later called, was a $700 million project initiated by Herbert Hoover. It was approved in 1928 and construction began in 1929. The Dam supplies water throughout many Western states and cities, including Los Angeles and Las Vegas

153. The Bonus Army March Hoover considered many criminals or communists, but allowed them to assemble. Public reaction towards Hoover and the government’s actions were negative. Franklin Roosevelt believed this was the event that won him the election in 1932.

155. Franklin Delano Roosevelt – 32 nd President of the United States of America Roosevelt was President longer than any other in history (12 years). Roosevelt’s term as President is primarily the reason for the 22 nd Amendment FDR & THE NEW DEAL

156. Policy Differences

160. Roosevelt’s “fireside chats” helped to restore confidence first in the banking industry and later in many of his New Deal programs

168. LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal

174. MISCELLANEOUS CULTURE OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION 1920’s, Great Depression & New Deal