Life style choices presentation 2014

Active Lifestyles
To be Active
To be Inactive
Essentially how much daily exercise we take
One of the most important lifestyle choices we
can make is either:
Adults should do a minimum of 30 minutes
moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a
week. - NHS Recommendations
As a rule of thumb, exercise of moderate intensity will
make you a little warm or sweaty, and slightly out of
breath, but no more than that.

We need to look at the impact of 4 main lifestyle
choices on our health and Physical Performance:
•Lack of Exercise
•Poor Diet
•Smoking
•Alcohol and Drugs
What is meant by an active lifestyle?

The British Darts Organisation was
campaigning for their sport to be included in the
2012 London Olympics; and to that end, they've
opened the Darts School of Excellence in
London. It's for for kids ages 7 to 18, as
England attempts to groom the next generation
of great darts players.

Activities come under the three headings
of:
Competitive Sport
Active Recreation/Leisure
Health and Well Being Activities
In the next 2 minutes write out as
many sports, pastimes or activities
as you can think of and then
categorise them.

What different types of activity are there
and why do people participate in them?
Competitive Sport: Where performance is very
important. This has organised leagues, referees, marked
pitches and strict rules. Sport may be a Job for some as
well as competitive activity they enjoy.
Active Recreation/Leisure/:Where active participation
is important rather than performance standards.
Health and Well Being: This may be due to personal
choice(to improve body image or self esteem or
purely enjoyment) or medical recommendation (GP
Referral, cardiac rehabilitation). It can be:
a) Scientific – based on a training programme
b) Ad-hoc – unstructured – whenever you get time

Obesity
Obesity is a major problem in the UK and the western
world. But it is not the actual obesity that is killing
people it the associated illnesses that arise as a result
of obesity e.g. heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Obesity is caused by Lack of Exercise
and a Poor Diet?

“Obesity reduces life expectancy by 10 years” One in four 11 to 15 year
olds was classified as obese in 2004

Task –
In your groups you are to produce a short film about your
given topic:
• Obesity and associated diseases – the facts!
• The perils of drinking too much alcohol – when the
fun is over what lasting effects happen to the body!
• Smoking – don’t let your health go up in smoke!
• Drugs – Not all fun and games – the detrimental side
effects of illegal drugs.
Rules:
Short film but not two short. Key facts about problems and
diseases associated with these lifestyle choices. Must all star in the
movie at some point. Do the research and investigate before
starting to film. You must also produce a poster/handout to
summarise your research. This needs to be high quality and worthy
of display.

What are the negative affects of obesity on health?
Examiners Tip: You are asked to EXPLAIN these – the „man in
the pub answer‟ is not enough!
ATHEROSCLEROSIS: „Bad cholesterol‟ (LDL Low density
Lipoproteins)– found in saturated fats forms plaques which
attach to artery and arteriole walls causing a small blockages.
„Good Cholesterol‟ (HDL – High Density Lipoproteins) helps
to reduce the effect of LDL‟s so if we have a good ratio of
HDL:LDL cholesterols it is good for our health Arthero/LDL
clip (Coronary Heart Disease)
HYPERTENSION : These blockages in the arteries cause
higher blood pressure known as Hypertension High blood
pressure
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : Lack of exercise can cause arteries
to harden so stopping Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Angina
HEART ATTACK: When a blood vessel supplying the heart
becomes totally blocked or STROKE if this occurs in the brain

DIABETES: Occurs when we are unable to control
our blood sugar levels. Youtube
When we eat carbohydrate our blood sugar levels
rise and our Pancreas releases Insulin to control
this.
If we consume a great deal of simple carbohydrate
or sugars (e.g. sweets, fizzy drinks) our blood
sugar rises dramatically.
A great deal of insulin has to be released to control
this sugar and over time the body becomes tolerant
of the insulin and it no longer has an effect. insulin
2
The explanation…….

The Benefits of exercise. Its effects on obesity/ health and
physical performance......... regular exam question!!!
 Burn off more of the calories consumed so
reducing obesity. – negative energy balance
 Exercise increases ratio of HDL(good) to
LDL(bad) Cholesterol
 Raises Basal metabolic rate
 Maintains higher than usual metabolic rate up to 5
hours after exercise
 Helps control blood glucose levels so reducing
possibility of diabetes.
 Reduced blood pressure due to increased elasticity
of arteries
 Maintains bone density so reduces risk of
osteoporosis
 Cardiac hypertrophy can help reduce potential of
heart attack

BMI
• Calculated Weight (KGs)/Height
(M) squared.
• Underweight – below 18.5
• Overweight - 25-29.9
• Obese – over 30
• http://www.bhf.org.uk/bmi/BMI_Cal
c.html

Obesity Trends - U.S. Adults (1985 –
2009)
Definitions:
• Obesity: having a very high amount of body fat
in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass
Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
• Body Mass Index (BMI): a measure of an
adult’s mass in relation to their height,
specifically the adult’s mass (kg) divided by the
square of their height (m).

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1985
No Data <10% 10%–14%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

BRFSS, 1986
No Data <10% 10%–14%

BRFSS, 1987
No Data <10% 10%–14%

BRFSS, 1988
No Data <10% 10%–14%

BRFSS, 1989
No Data <10% 10%–14%

BRFSS, 1990
No Data <10% 10%–14%

BRFSS, 1991
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1992
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1993
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1994
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1995
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1996
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

BRFSS, 1997
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20

BRFSS, 1998
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20

BRFSS, 1999
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20

BRFSS, 2000
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20

BRFSS, 2001
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
BRFSS, 2002

BRFSS, 2003
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

BRFSS, 2004
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

BRFSS, 2006
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

BRFSS, 2007
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

BRFSS, 2008
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

BRFSS, 2009
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

1999
BRFSS, 1985, 1990, 1999, 2009
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
2009
1990
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
1985

1999
BRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2009
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
2009
1990
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics

Link between obesity and diabetes?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Incidenceofobesity(%)
Incidence of diabetes (%)
Relationship between rates of incidence of obesity
and diabetes in the USA 1989 - 2009

Smoking
Cigarette smoking is the greatest single cause of illness
and premature death in the UK. Smoking reduces life
expectancy by up to 10 years. Smoking-related deaths
are mainly due to cancers and serious heart and lung
problems.
Lung Cancer: 80% of cases are smoking related
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). –
a serious lung disease
Heart disease is the biggest killer illness in the UK
Other conditions where smoking often causes
worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest
infections etc.

Alcohol and Drugs
In the UK deaths due to alcohol related diseases have
risen considerably over the last 20 years or so. This is
because both heavy and binge drinking have become
more common
Liver, stomach and heart diseases
High Blood pressure linked to obesity
Drugs create a psychological dependence and a
physical dependence. There is no illegal drug that
does not have serious adverse consequences to our
health and well being.

What are schools and local communities doing to reduce obesity?
The 5 Hour offer: For 5-16 year olds the government
would like 2 hours high quality curriculum PE and 3 hours
of sport beyond the curriculum delivered through a range
of school, community and club providers
Healthier food - Jamie Oliver
PESSCL Strategy: PE and School Sports Club Links:
Strengthening links between schools and clubs to move young
people on through the system and encourage participation.
Sports Colleges: Promoting sport in a family of schools
Active England:a £100m programme, funded by Sport England and
The Big Lottery Fund to support projects that increase participation.

• Sportivate is an Olympic Legacy programme running
up to 2017
• Helps local people organise exciting 6-8 week sports
programmes for young people.
• Sportivate offers funding for activities that are
organised because young people want to try them.
• E.g. Free Running, Snow Boarding, Dodgeball or
Climbing.
• It's about putting on activities that 11-25 year old
will be interested in and ensuring there are places for
young people to carry on that activity after the 6 to 8
week project.

'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'
the ability to meet the demands of our
environment
planned, structured physical activity that
enhances our physical, mental, and social health
and fitness
'a state of being healthy, happy and prosperous'
Exercise is the central link between Health, Fitness
and Well-being. It improves the physical, social and
psychological aspects of an individual.
Some often used terms and what links them
Health
Fitness
Exercise
Well-being

Fitness and Fitness Testing
• Components of
fitness
– Health Related: CV
Endurance,
Muscular
endurance, strength,
flexibility
– Skill related:
Agility, balance,
speed, power,
reaction time, co-
ordination
Why test?
•Base-line tests are used to get
initial information
•Re-tests are used to get
subsequent information
•Results give info as where the
performer is NOW
•Identify strengths &
weaknesses
•Show progress
•Give the coach info for team
selection
•Give the coach info for
position selection
•Motivate the performer
TESTS – name
some!
Lab v field tests
Lab tests
More accurate
Specialist equipment & facilities
Can be expensive
1:1 analysis
Field tests
Less accurate
Simple equipment & facilities
Cheaper
Can be done with larger groups
of performers (eg school
groups)
A SEDENTARY person
is someone who does no
physical activity (a
couch-potato)
Which fitness tests
that you have done
might not be suitable
for a sedentary
individual?
Which tests would be
OK?

What provision for sport is available in our area?
Teams? Leagues? Level? Turn up and play? Age
involved? Which sports? Range?
Fitness activities?

Frequency/When?
What level?
Activities available
What provision for competitive sport is available in our area?
Location
Produce an A3 poster using above format – 20min

Approaches to Sport/ Health Activities
Scientific:
Following a strict and
scientifically based
training regime with a
set aim in mind
Ad-Hoc: unstructured
Training or exercising
in a random fashion
without any real
planning or particular
goal
Highly Effective but
often less enjoyable Less effective but
often more enjoyable

Competitive Sport
(performance)
Active Recreation
Leisure
Health, Fitness, Well-being, GP
Referrals, Improving body image
(enjoyment/medical/health)
May be
unstructured
and simple
organisation
Unscientific?
Highly Organised
and structured –
leagues etc.
Representative
Honours
Scientific
A Performance
Pyramid
Mass Participation – Grass Roots sport
Excellence – Elite Sport

Mass Participation
Sporting Excellence
Using a Performance Pyramid like the one above
discuss the following:
• What are the motives for a performer at each level of
the pyramid?
•Using an example explain how it is possible for an
activity to feature at different levels of the pyramid. If
so how will it be different?
Recreation/Leisure

In my chosen sport how would someone get involved
locally and then what would be their development
pathway?
Primary school or local Tots
club (parental support)
Secondary school –
teams or local junior
clubs
Rossendale Schools Team
Age group teams –
U11, U14, U16
Coach might
recommend for trials
Scoutsfromlocalteams
County/Regional
Representation
Poss. professional
club
National
Representation
Players may also wish to follow a
coaching role in their sport. This is
supported by many current
initiatives and usually coaching
courses can be paid for. The
Government are very keen to
develop Young Leaders especially
as a legacy of the 2012 Olympics.

Gymnastics – Long Term Athlete Development

How is talent identified in my Sport?

Single System
• The Single System is the
development pathway for
players, coaches and officials
of all ages and abilities to
reach their full potential.
• It is based on Long Term
Athlete Development (LTAD)
principles that put the
participant at the centre of all
decisions, with extensive
scientific research that has
been widely accepted by the
majority of other major sports
within England

Promoting Sport in the UK
Elite Sport
UK Sport - No Compromise -
World Class Performance
Pathway (Podium, Development,
Talent)
Talent Identification Team:
Girls for Gold
Tall and Talented
Fighting Chance
Paralympic Potential
EIS Support for Athletes
Mass Participation
Sport England – Grow, Sustain,
Excel
NGB – Grow their sport –
Active people survey
School Sports Partnerships:
SSCO, PESSYP/ PESSCL
„The 5 hour offer‟
“Playground to podium” – nurturing
disabled young people and adults
with potential to be elite athletes.
National Lottery Funding and money from Central
Government(DCMS) – CCPR represents sport to government

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
53
49
44
41
32
20
9
35 36 34
32
28
17
6
Men
Women
Age
Overall, according to self-reported data, 39% of men and 29% of women met the
government’s physical activity recommendations (30 minutes moderate physical
activity, 5 times a week) in 2008. Objective accelerometer data, collected for the first
time in 2008, showed that actually only 6% of men and 4% of women met the
recommendations. Self-reported data is influenced by the respondent’s ability to
accurately recall and assess their physical activity

Activity – Define and show
the links between….

Define the concepts of
leisure?
• Defined: time during which you have no
obligations to work or to family, and are
free to engage in self-directed and chosen
activities
• Something that is engaged during freetime
– free from obligations
• A time when you engage in freely chosen
activities
• Used for ease and relaxation
• Done for enjoyment

Recreation Definition
• “Enaged in activities that refresh, relax or
enable the re-creation of oneself after the
rigours or work or day to day life!”
• As people in the world’s healthier regions
lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the
need for recreation has increased.
• The rise of so called active vacations
exemplifies this!

Physical activity continuum
• Level of organisation
Play Leisure Physical Rec/Active Leisure Outdoor PE Sport
Least organised most organised
• Competition
Play Leisure Outdoor Physical Rec/Active Leisure PE Sport
Least competitive most competitive

How have leisure
patterns changed in
the last 15 years?

Reference: DCMS (2012-13), Taking Part: The National Survey
of Culture, Leisure and Sport 2012-13 Quarter 2 Statistical
release Dec 2012

Why have leisure
patterns changed in
the last 15 years

Reasons for reduced
participation in sport

Reasons For Increased
Participation
• INCREASED LEISURE TIME - people
nowadays have much more leisure time
than in the past.
• Some people like to spend this time
visiting health and fitness clubs whilst
others prefer a walk in the countryside.
• People are much more mobile now so a
visit to the seaside for example is easy
to access.
• There are several reasons for this
increase in leisure time.

• THE SHORTER WORKING WEEK - in the UK
today workers work 37 hours per week or less.
During the 1960‟s it was common to work
between 40 and 44 hours.
• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES - technology
has reduced the hours it used to take to do
many jobs. There are also other benefits for
example advances in medicine has meant
people are living longer and therefore able to
take part in leisure and sporting activities
beyond retirement age.
• EARLY RETIREMENT - more people now take
an early retirement than ever before
• UNEMPLOYMENT - unemployment gives
people time to take part in sport and leisure
activities. However money can be an issue.

Factors that influence
individual lifestyle
choices

Factors that influence
individual lifestyle
choices
Individual
differences/body
image
Tradition/Culture
AgeFinance
Disability

What affects people‟s Lifestyle Choices?
What makes us decide whether to be active
or inactive? (Factors affecting participation)
Media/ Marketing
Class
Disability/Ability
Race/Tradition
Education
Age
Money
Sex/Gender
Provision
Opportunity
Self - Esteem
Also family support and
Peer pressure have a
strong impact.

What affects people‟s Lifestyle Choices?
What makes us decide whether to be active or
eat healthily, smoke or take drugs?
Media
Education
Class/Finance
Age
Race/Tradition
Individual Differences(Body Image)
Sex/Gender
Disability
Provision/availability of facilities
Family/Friends
ME CAR
IS
D
Pink
Ferarri

Moving from an inactive
lifestyle to active….
• (a) Identify three health screening
procedures that could be carried out
prior to a sedentary individual
undertaking a structured exercise
programme. [3]

PAR-Q
• Physical Activity Readiness
Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
• For most people, physical activity should not pose
any problem or hazard. PAR-Q is designed to
identify the small number of adults for whom
physical activity might be inappropriate or those
who should have medical advice concerning the
type of activity most suitable for them.
• Common sense is the best guide in answering these
few questions.

• Has your doctor ever said that you have a bone or joint problem, such as arthritis, that has
been aggravated by exercise or might be made worse with exercise? Yes/No
• Do you have high blood pressure? Yes/No
• Do you have low blood pressure? Yes/No
• Do you have Diabetes Mellitus or any other metabolic disease? Yes/No
• Has your doctor ever said that you have raised cholesterol (serum level above
6.2mmol/L)? Yes/No
• Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and that you should only do physical
activity recommended by your doctor? Yes/No
• Have you ever felt pain in your chest when you do physical exercise? Yes/No
• Is your doctor currently prescribing you drugs or medication? Yes/No
• Have you ever suffered from unusual shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion?Yes/No
• Is there any history of Coronary Heart Disease in your family? Yes/No
• Do you often feel faint, have spells of severe dizziness or have lost consciousness? Yes/No
• Do you currently drink more than the average amount of alcohol per week (21 units for men
and 14 units for women)? Yes/No
• Do you currently smoke? Yes/No
• Do you currently exercise on a regular basis (at least 3 times a week) and work in a job that is
physically demanding? Yes/No
• Are you, or is there any possibility that you might be pregnant? Yes/No
• Do you know of any other reason why you should not participate in a programme of physical
activity? Yes/No
PARQ

Other answers....
• Monitoring resting heart rate
• Measurement of blood pressure
• Cholesterol or % body fat testing
• BMI measurement
• Sub-maximal fitness testing (e.g. Harvard step
test)
• E.C.G
• Blood testing (if specific reason is provided)
• M.R.I. Scanning
• Urine check (if specified)

Exam Style Questions
1. Explain why cholesterol lipoprotein ratios
are an important indicator of the health status
of an individual? (4)
2. Explain three potential health risks
associated with a high percentage of body fat.
(6)

3. Explain how various national and local
authority schemes are being used in your local
schools and wider communities to improve the
health status of the population. (6)
4. Competitive sport, active recreation and a
balanced diet are seen as key factors in
promoting health, fitness and well-being.
Why are active recreation and balanced diet
key factors in combating obesity in the UK?
(6)

5. Using appropriate examples, what have been
the main influences on your lifestyle choices? (6)
6. Explain the provision and athlete/player
development pathway that is available for a
competitive sport in your locality. (4)
7. Government health figures indicate that
approximately 1.7 million children will be obese
in the U.K. by 2010.
Explain the potential health risks to these children
in later life and what lifestyle choices could
reduce the estimated obesity figures. (10)

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Life style choices presentation 2014