1. Professional communications
Subject line
Use an appropriate salutation
Hi, Dr. Oldmixon; Dear Dr. Oldmixon
Don’t expect an instant response
Think about why you’re writing and ask a question
Close with your name and class
Sincerely, John Doe, PSCI 1040
How to email a professor
4. A little history…
Home Rule
French and Indian War, 1754-1763
Stamp Act of 1765
Tea Act of 1773
Intolerable Acts
First (1774) and Second (1775) Continental Congresses
5. When in the Course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to dissolve
the political bands which have connected them
with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the
causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights,
Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed
• July 4, 1776
• Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of
Independence
6. Articles of Confederation, 1781-1789
Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Confederation
How is the national government structured?
9. Fundamental
Problem
“If men were angels, no
government would be
necessary. If angels were to
govern men, neither external
nor internal control on
government would be
necessary….You must first
enable government to control
the governed; and in the next
place oblige it to control
itself.” Madison, F51
• How do you create an
effective government
that does not
encourage tyranny?
• No good examples
10. Representation of States
Virginia Plan – state population
New Jersey Plan – state equality
The Great Compromise
12. Representatives and direct
Taxes shall be apportioned
among the several States
…according to their
respective Numbers, which
shall be determined by
adding to the whole Number
of free Persons, including
those bound to Service for a
Term of Years, and excluding
Indians not taxed, three fifths
of all other Persons.
Three-fifths
compromise
13. The Migration or Importation
of such Persons as any of the
States now existing shall think
proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the Congress
prior to the Year one
thousand eight hundred and
eight, but a Tax or duty may
be imposed on such
Importation, not exceeding
ten dollars for each Person.
Kicking the can on
slavery
14. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on
Articles exported from any
State.
Exports
15. • Separation of powers
• Checks and balances
• Federalism
Design Principles
16. Confidence in the men of our choice is that parent of
despotism; it is jealousy and confidence which prescribes
limited constitutions to bind down those whom we are
obliged to trust with power. ~ Jefferson
17. 1789
State level constitutional conventions, 9
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Bill of Rights, 1791
Ratification
22. Federalism
Women’s suffrage (19th Amendment)
Prohibition (18th Amendment)
Interpretation
“lay and collect taxes”
“The Congress shall have Power To...regulate
Commerce...among the several States....”
Adaptability
23. A new constitution every
generation
“The earth belongs always
to the living generation.”
Time for a new constitution?
24. How the United States has changed since Constitution was
ratified? Given the changes, think about the ways in which
the Constitution might be changed.
Rights
The president
The Congress
Federalism
25. Liberty
Order
Federalist 10
Electoral filters
Appointed judges
No referenda
Senate representation
Franchise
Limits to majority rule
32. • Weak executive
• Part-time legislature
• Elected judiciary
• Special elections
Problems?
Notas del editor
Think about how you communicate!From:http://web.wellesley.edu/SocialComputing/Netiquette/netiquetteprofessor.html
Trade, war, taxation, treaties, unanimity, public order
"perpetual vibration between the extremes of tyranny and anarchy"
Nobility, ERA, DC voting rights
Interstate highway system, affordable care act, regulated gambling, curbed the sale of sawed off shotguns, subsidized college scholarships, food safety, women’s rights