1. Global
Trade
Aged care
Internet Education
CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE
Immigration Co-operation
Business
International Aid
Subultures
Research
CULTURAL Diplomacy
SELF-AWARENESS
Multiculturalism
Religion Youth services
Travel

2. Cultural intelligence – origin,
definition, validity
Origin: “Why do some but not other individuals easily and
effectively adapt their views and behaviours cross
culturally.” (Van Dyne, Ang and Livermore 2010; cited in Ang, Van Dyne and Tan, 2011)
Definition: The relative ability of a person to adapt to novel cultural
contexts.
Validity: CQ can be measured on a validated 20 item CQ scale.
(Ang et al 2007)

3. The facets of cultural intelligence
Cognitive /Head
- Knowledge – culture specific
- Meta-cognition
Motivational/Heart
(Earley and Ang 2003)
Behavioural /Body (Earley and Mosakowski 2004)
Culture can arise when ‘we lack the knowledge, the lack of ability to
adapt, the lack of willingness to adapt.’ (Flanja 2009 p.111)
shock:

4. Cultural
self-awareness
Understanding that our own behaviour is,
in large part, culturally derived.
It allows us to recognise that the same is also
true for others.
‘Some people are skillful at recognizing behaviours that are
influenced by culture.’ (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.41)
Cultural misunderstandings arise when we attempt to
interpret the behaviour of others through our own
cultural lens. (Quappe and Canatore 2005)

5. Cultural misunderstandings
Example 2
Example 1

6. Enhancing cultural intelligence
‘People’s cultural intelligence can be increased
with experience, practice and a positive attitude
to life-long learning.’ (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.42)
(Crowne 2008) Rehg,Grundlackh & Grigorian 2012

7. Using cultural intelligence
Some useful skills
• Expect misunderstandings (Brislin, Worthley &
McNab 2006)
• Suspend judgement (Triandis 2005)
Example 1 Example 2

8. Key points to remember
Cultural intelligence is a multi-faceted construct to explain
the relative ability of some individuals to adapt with ease to
novel cultural contexts.
It is widely agreed to encompass cognitive/metacognitive,
motivational and behavioural skills.
Cultural self-awareness is a meta-cognitive skill that
underlies and is fundamental to cultural intelligence.
Cultural intelligence is a valuable skill in our increasingly
globalized world and ethnically diverse communities.

9. References:
Ang, S, Van Dyne, Koh, CKS, Ng, KY., Templer, KJ, Tay, C, & Chandrasekar, NA, 2007,. ‘Cultural intelligence: Its
measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance’’,
Management and Organization Review, vol. 3, no.3, pp.35-37, viewed 13 September 2012, via Wiley Online Library
Ang, S, Van Dyne, L & Tan, ML, 2011, Cultural Intelligence, in Sternberg, RJ & Kaufman, SC (Eds), Cambridge Handbook
on Intelligence, pp.582-602, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Brislin, R, Worthley, R & McNab, B 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviours that serve people’s goals',
Group and Organization Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 40-55, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications.
Crowne, KA, 2008, ‘What leads to cultural intelligence’, Business Horizons, vol. 51, no.5, pp.391-399, viewed 13
September 2012, via Sciencedirect.
Earley, P & Ang, S 2003, Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures, Stanford University Press,
Stanford, US, viewed 12 September 2012 via Google Books
Earley, PC & Mosakowski, E 2004, ‘Cultural intelligence’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 82,no. 10, pp. 139-146, viewed
12 September 2012, via Ebsco Host.
Flanja, D, 2009 ‘Culture shock in intercultural communication’, Studia Europae, vol. 2009, no. 4, pp. 107+, viewed 13
September 2012, via Academic OneFile.
Rehg, MT, Gundlach, MJ & Grigorian, RA, 2012, ‘Examining the influence of cross-cultural training on cultural
intelligence and specific self-efficacy’, Cross Cultural Management, vol. 19, no.22, pp. 215 – 232, viewed 14 September
2012, via Emerald
Triandis, HC, 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence in organizations’, Group and Organization Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp.20-
26, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications.
Quappe, S & Cantatore, G, 2005, ‘What is cultural intelligence, anyway? How do I build it?, viewed 12 September,
<http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural%20Awareness.pdf>
Images:
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viewed 10 September 2012
b.http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/dec/20/christmas-charity-appeal-magic-me, viewed 12 September 2012
c. http://www.examiner.com/article/christians-and-muslims, viewed 12 September 2012
Slide 3: http://www.clipartsfree.net/clipart/9150-diamond-structure-clipart.html - viewed 10 September 2012
Slide 4: http://blogpogo.com/money/when-reality-stares-back/, viewed 12 September 2012
Slide 6: a. http://www.unhcr.org/496627094.html, viewed 11 September 2012
b. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/article2668257.ece viewed 16 September 2012