3. June 2016
dnp.gov.co
Simón Gaviria Muñoz
General Director DNP
@simongaviria
SimonGaviriaM
AGENDA
SMART
CITIES
1. Current situation of cities
in Colombia
2. Smart cities indicators
3. Proposed strategies
4. Smart Cities
June 2016
RELEVANCE OF CITIES
Source: Cities System Mission estimates
11.2
45.4
57.5
61.1
3.1
27.6
37.0
40.2
-
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
1951 2010 2035 2050
Millions
URBAN POPULATION IN THE SYSTEM OF CITIES
1951 -2050
2050
Urban population will increase in 18
million.
In 2050 we will have 69 cities with a
population higher than 100,000
27,4% 60,7% 64% 65,8%
Total population
Urban Population in the System of Cities
2010
61% of Colombian population live in
urban centers of the System of Cities
Close to 76% of National GDP is
generated in those centers
41 cities larger population larger than
100,000
5. Smart Cities
June 2016
RELEVANCE OF CITIES
System of Cities
Shorter than 100,000
TOTAL
151
MUNICIPALITIES
CAPITAL CITIES
8
MUNICIPALITIES
SUBREGIONAL
FUNCTION
14
MUNICIPALITIES
Larger than 100,000
UNI-NODAL
CITIES
16
MUNICIPALITIES
18
METROPOLITAN
AREAS
113
MUNICIPALITIES
6. Smart Cities
June 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Urban and Regional planning must articulate rural areas and be approached from a regional perspective
Source: National Study of Water 2014
SDP (2014)
Availability of natural hydrological sources
52,5% of the Cities System urban population
is located in areas of low availability of natural
hydrological sources.
33% of Colombian population is at risk to be
affected by landslides and 48% by flooding.
Conflicts between protected areas and urban
growth (urban sprawl and conurbation)
7. Smart Cities
June 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Current land development plans (POT) lack of a continuous view of the territory, needed to
take into account the urban and rural dynamics
Technical, methodological and
information shortfalls in the POT
formulation
• 60% define inadequately the urban
perimeter (in smaller towns)
• 50% determine expansion areas
without adequate information and
criteria.
• 61% determine mistakenly the
protected areas.
• The maps of 21% of POT are not geo-
referenced.
• 60% do not take into account the
agricultural, livestock and forestry uses.
1 Outdated POT
• 916 municipalities (83% from total) lost
the long term validity at the end 2015
• No municipalities include regional
determinants in the POT
• The territorial planning ends at the
political – administrative limit
2 Lack of positioning POT as a
development tool
• Low application of land value capture
instruments
• The resources of betterment levies
are between 0,02% and 0,13% of
income
• Only 12% on municipalities use land
capture value instruments
• Only 3% include strategies and
programs in order to develop the
rural component
3
8. Smart Cities
June 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Current state of Cadaster
Source: IGAC, estimate DNP 2015
RURALURBAN
14
MUNICIPALITIES
WITHOUT
CADASTER
FORMATION
728
OUTDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
370
UPDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
80
MUNICIPALITIES
WITHOUT
CADASTER
FORMATION
664
OUTDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
378
UPDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
9. Smart Cities
June 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Cadaster Structural Problematic
Incomplete
• The cadaster does not cover the
entire territory neither the
required variables for the users
• 28,5% of the national area does
not have cadastral formation
(without information)
• 63,9% of municipalities has
outdated cadaster
1 Imprecise
• Lack of process and methodologies
under international standards
• Lack of cartographic inputs with
cadaster purposes
• The majority of cadaster appraisals do
not reflect a reasonable value of land
• Indefinite areas and boundaries
2 Sectorial disjoint
• Inadequate interrelation between
cadaster and register (46% rural
plots and 68% urban plots
interrelated - IGAC)
• There is no articulation between the
cadaster and other sectoral
databases
• No Open Data
3
10. Smart Cities
June 2016
CONNECTIVITY
Cities must connect better between and inside them
Colombian cities were developed in isolated
territories, with little relationship and complementarity
between them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the
quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and
a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla
82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
2011
11. Smart Cities
June 2016
CONNECTIVITY
Cities must connect better between and inside them
2020 Colombian cities were developed in isolated
territories, with little relationship and complementarity
between them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the
quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and
a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla
82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
12. Smart Cities
June 2016
CONNECTIVITY
Cities must connect better between and inside them
2035 Colombian cities were developed in isolated
territories, with little relationship and complementarity
between them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the
quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and
a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla
82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
13. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
EMBRYONIC
• Care for early childhood
• Strengthening sexual and
reproductive education
• Reduce rate of infant mortality
• Extending coverage of public services
and health
• Housing deficit
START
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Riohacha
Pre-bonus after 2023
Quibdó
Pre-bonus after 2027
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
14. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
ADOLESCENT
• Care of early childhood
• Reduce adolescent pregnancy
• Extend coverage of high school and
promote quality
END
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Santa Marta
After 2035
Montería
After 2035
Valledupar
After 2035
Sincelejo
After 2035
Florencia
After 2035
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
15. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
YOUNG AND BIG
• Reduce the NEET population
• Expand projects of new and improve
housing
• Define productive and employment
routes
END
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Barranquilla
2020
Cartagena
2020
Cúcuta
2020
Villavicencio
After 2035
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
16. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
ADULT
• Promote savings
• Capital human qualification
• Formalization of employment
END
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Ibagué
2018
Neiva
2020
Popayán
2020
Pasto
2020
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
17. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
MATURE
• Care for senior citizen
• Extend coverage of secondary and
higher education
• Strengthening the planning process
in metropolitan areas
END
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Cali
2016
Armenia
2013
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
18. Smart Cities
June 2016
LIFE QUALITY
The cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
SENIOR
• Care for senior citizen
• Attraction of young population in
order to extend the bonus
• Effective access to health services
END
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Bogotá: 2015
Tunja: 2022
Bucaramanga: 2018
Medellín: 2013
Pereira: 2015
Manizales: 2013
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of
ageing population
Dependent population
is more vulnerable
20. Smart Cities
June 2016
CITY PROSPERITY INDEX – ONU HABITAT
Results of CPI for 23 Colombian cities
Source: ONU HABITAT (2015)
• Big cities: The stragglers are Cali and Barranquilla.
• Medium-sized cities: Highlight on Manizales, Pereira, Pasto and Ibagué. Still lag far behind cities of similar size as Cúcuta, Santa Marta or Montería,
• Small cities: Positive result on cities like Tunja and Armenia, but greater challenges for Riohacha and Quibdó.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Productivity
Life quality
Infrastructure
Environmental
sustainability
Equity and social inclusion
Bogotá New York São Paulo
22. Smart Cities
June 2016
PROPOSED STRATEGIES OF SMART CITIES
1.Public Policy of Smart Cities
2.Strengthening Project for territorial entities
3.Observatory of System of Cities
4.New Land Development Plans (POD / POT Modernos)
5.Multipurpose Cadaster
6.Big Data
23. Smart Cities
June 2016
1. PUBLIC POLICY OF SMART CITIES
• High cost associated to environmental
degradation
• High rates of non-sustainable
motorization
• Weakness of Land developing plans
• Conflicts between protected areas and
urban growth
• Delay in reorganization of traditional
public transportation
• Low broadband penetration
• Low productivity sectors
• Long term vision and participatory
construction
• Reduce greenhouse gases
• Urban sustainable mobility
• More and better public space
• Supra-municipal vision and differential
approach
• Integrate urban and rural territories
• Digital Connectivity
• Improve productivity and competitiveness
• Improve municipal revenues
• Safer and fairer cities
From the current situation to a Smart city
24. Smart Cities
June 2016
1. PUBLIC POLICY OF SMART CITIES
Government Articulation Initiatives
• Logistic Mission
• Policy on Science, Technology and
Innovation
GREEN GROWTH MISSION
• Sustainable Mobility and Urban Transport
• Master Plan of Intermodal Transport PMTI (2015-2035).
• Sustainable Urbanism
• Urban Drains
• Multipurpose Cadaster
• Budget by results
• Subsidies Statute Nuevo Sisben
• Citizen Security
• Scientific,
technological and
innovation Parks
• Regional Plans ICT
• Smart City Policy
• Big Data Initiative
AGENDAS
Smart City
MOBILITY AND
TRANSPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
GOBERNANCE AND
FINANCIATION
URBAN AND
TERRITORIAL
PLANNING
PRODUCTIVITY
AND COMPETITIVENESS
LIFE QUALITY
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION
DIGITAL
CONNECTIVITY- TIC
STRUCTURANT AXES
TRANSVERSAL AXIS
25. Smart Cities
June 2016
2. PLATFORM OF TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT
Solution in the cloud
Municipalidades
Gobierno
Central,
Entes de
Control
Ciudadano
Modelo de
Gestión Territorial
Rendición de
Cuentas y
Consolidación
Software used as service in the cloud with no PC
storage required
Reduce time in report writing to national institutions
(unified platform for report)
Reduce cost associated to software licensing,
infrastructure and dedicated staff
Allowed access from any device
Facilitate the citizen participation through the use of
tools of Open Government
Flexible informatic tool adjusted to the requirements
of every territorial entity
Citizens Government
Control
entities
Municipalities
Territorial
model
Accountability
processes
26. Smart Cities
June 2016
3. OBSERVATORY SYSTEM OF CITIES
TENDENCIES
COMPARATIONS LAYERS 3D
OBJECTIVES
• Generate, compile, process,
analize y spread information
(National, territorial, sectorial
etc.)
• Support the monitoring and
evaluation of the urban
development situation of cities
• Comparative analysis of national
and international level with
supra-municipal approach
PROFITS
• Knowledge transfer
• Decision-making in planning
and urban management with
territorial approach
• Prioritization of investments
• Promote regional development
27. Smart Cities
June 2016
3. OBSERVATORY SYSTEM OF CITIES
Source: Observatory of the System of Cities. DNP
22
7
193
Themes
Sub-themes
Indicators
Monitoring
Evaluation
Research areas
• Structure and efficiency of
markets
• Economies of scale
• Economies of
aglomeration
• Sophistication and
innovation
Productivity
• Ecologic structure
• Climate change
• Risk management
Environment
• Population structure and
dynamics
• The cost of living
• Life conditions
Life quality
• Physical connectivity
• Digital connectivity
Connectivity
• Territorial planning
• Territorial management
• Rural-Urban relationship
Land managememt
• Transport infrastructure
• Urban Facilities
• Domestic public utilities
Infrastructure
• Public finance
• Institutional coordination
• Gobernability
Institutional
Index of Smart Cities
Observatory System of Cities
Implemented
2016 2017
28. Smart Cities
June 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOS
Proposal: Technical assistance and accompaniment for municipalities and departments in the update and formulation of their New Land
Development Plans in order to face challenges of the national territorial planning, through three components:
Enlistment
• Institutional arrangement of the
national and regional entities to
obtain inputs.
• Strengthen the local
institutional capacities
• Support on technical studies
required.
1 Formulation
• Engage the municipalities with the
POT update, reflected in the
Development Plan
• Supra-municipal vision and
differential approach
• Integrate the urban and rural
territories
• Delimitation of risk areas
2 Implementation
• Strengthen the local
institutional capacities in order
to generate resources trough
the POT
• Incorporation and application
of planning, management and
financing instruments for urban
and rural lands
3
29. Smart Cities
June 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOS
A POD/POT Moderno must have
VISION
•Long-term vision with differential
approach
•Articulation of regional, metropolitan and
national levels
INFORMATION
Geographic Information Systems for the
decision-making over the territory
COMPETITIVENESS
•Efficient mix of land uses and
optimization
•Clarity in housing policy
•Promote economic development through
the territorial model
INSTITUTIONALITY
•Qualitative and participative
management of the territorial visions.
•Strengthen the municipality institutions
• Supra-municipal vision with differential
approach
• Integrate the urban and rural territory
• Improve productivity and
competitiveness
A POD/POT must reach
LIFE QUALITY
30. Smart Cities
June 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOS
A POD/POT Moderno must have
MOBILITY
•Road infrastructure and mobility according
to growth
•Sustainable public transport system
ENVIRONMENT
•Delimitation of risk areas
•Adopting mitigation measures
•Rural dimension with productivity approach
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Collective facilities according to the kind of city
• Public Services adjusted to the city model
• Sustainable urbanism and construction
• Identification and intervention on slums
INSTRUMENTS
Incorporation and application of planning,
management and financing instruments for
urban and rural land.
• Reduce travel times
• Reduce Greenhouse Emissions
• Improve municipal income
Un POD/POT must reach
LIFE QUALITY
31. Smart Cities
June 2016
5. MULTIPURPOSE CADASTER
So where does the Cadaster transformation take us?
TO A COMPLETE
CADASTER
• Covering the entire territory
• Incorporating all kind of forms of
land tenure
• Inventory of wastelands
• With physical updated variables of
the plots
• Complying the methodological
international standards
• Locating precisely the
georeferenced plots
• Individualizing the plots with
detail
• Reflecting a cadaster value close
to the reality
• With information of areas and
boundaries coinciding with
cadaster and register
• Articulated with other sectors
through spatial data
infrastructure
• Warrantying the information
access by all users (big data)
TO A PRECISE
CADASTER
TO A CADASTER
ARTICULATED WITH SECTORS
32. Smart Cities
June 2016
6. BIG DATA
CAOBA First PPP in Big Data: CAOBA and Challenges of Public Policy
WATER
Analysis for
optimize the
collect and
generate saving
schemes
MOBILITY
Analysis of the
movement patterns
of population
EDUCATION
Evaluation of
profitability of
education investment
by chain analysis
SOLID WASTE
Analysis of volumen
and sort of wastes in
area and its utilization
SISBEN
Analysis for better
use of existent data
and optimize the
public resources
