The document describes how the Franks gained control of Europe during the decline of the Western Roman Empire. The Franks were Germanic tribes that settled in a small kingdom in Gaul. Clovis was a Frankish king who conquered and united the other Frankish tribes, though his sons later divided the kingdom. Pepin II reunited the Frankish kingdom, and his son Charles Martel defeated the Moors. Pepin III overthrew the last Merovingian king and established the Carolingian dynasty. Charlemagne further expanded the Frankish kingdom and was declared emperor by the pope. After his death, the empire declined and was divided by the Treaty of Verdun between his grandsons.

2. Explainwhatcausedthe decline of Charlemagne’sempire. TheRise of theFranks

3. Break up of the Western Roman Empire Disorder, chaos and changes (Civil wars, power fights) Barbarian invasión (Brought new customs and lifestyles) Europeans began to restore order in their lives (An age of transition) Period known as Middle Ages (Medieval, end of the classical age and beginnings of the modern world) The Franks (Germanic Tribes that settle small kingdom) Clovis (King of one of the Frankish tribes. Merovingians)(A military leader conquered and absorbed other Frankish tribes) 1st controlled all of Northern Gaul 2nd seized and began to rule southwestern Gaul Clovis died (His sons divided the kingdom) Later Merovingian Kings generally weak

5. Pepin II (United the Frankish kingdom) Pepin II died Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer, Pepin’s II son) Defeated the Spanish Moors Charles Martel died in 741 Pepin III (Called “the short” joint mayor of the palace until he overthrew Childeric III) Pepin’s coronation established the Carolingians (Carolingians Dynasty) Pepin defeated the Lombards (won territorry and gave it to the pope, Donation of Pepin to created the Papal States Alliance between the Franks and the church

6. The Rise of Charlemagne (Pepin’s son and the greatest of all Frankish King) Inherited the throne, 46 years of his reign try to build a “new Rome” Spread church teachings and beliefs (order and learning to barbarian European) Tried to conquered all of Muslim Spain but failed (“buffer zone” a kind of frontier between Christian and Muslim Europe) Pope Leo III declared Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” He had united much of the Western Europe for the first time in 400years. Charlemagne’s empire divided into regions, each governed by officials known as a count. Charlemagne established his capital at the northern Frankish city of Aix-la-Chapelle. The Emperor used oaths of fidelity, officials were called missidominici or “the lord’s messengers”, they travel through the empire to hear complains, investigate official misconduct ad determine the effectiveness of laws.

8. Education and Learning Charlemagnenorformallyeducated. Startedschools at hispalace. Invitedscholars and thikersforteaching Emphasizinggrammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, music and astronomy. Produce a readableBible. Createlibraries

9. The Decline of theFrankishEmpire Charlemagne built the New Rome Died 814 Louis the Pious (Educated and religious but week) Died 840 Treaty of Verdum Signed in 843 WESTERN MIDDLE EASTERN Charles the Bald’s Kingdom Lothair’s KingdomLouis the German’s Kingdom 870 divided between Eastern and Western

11. Break up of the Western Roman Empire The Franks (Germanic Tribes that settle small kingdom) Clovis (A military leader conquered and absorbed other Frankish tribes but his son divided it) Pepin II (United the Frankish kingdom) Charles Martel (Defeated the Spanish Moors) Pepin III (Called “the short”, overthrew Childeric III, established the Carolingians, defeated the Lombards, created the Papal States Charlemagne (Spread church teachings and beliefs, “buffer zone, Pope Leo III declared Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans”)(empire divided into regions each one with a governor official and established his capital)(Built schools, libraries and a readable Bible. Louis the Pious (Educated and religious but week) Treaty of Verdum Signed in 843 WESTERN MIDDLE EASTERN Charles the Bald’s Kingdom Lothair’s Kingdom Louis the German’s Kingdom 870 divided between Eastern and Western

12. TheVikings Invadersduringthe 800s and 900s Norsemen Customs and mythscenteredon pagan gods Ruledby Kings and Nobles DemocraticGovernment Landownersmadelaws in assamblies Farmers Cruel and savageforcapturingtowns Vikingssettlement in Iceland, Greenland, England, Ireland and Northwestern France

13. Section 1 Review 1. DEFINE AND IDENTIFY Medieval: MiddleAges: Clovis: Merovingians: Charles Martel: Caroligians: Charlemagne: Louis thePious: Magyars: Vikings: