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Big Data Processing with Apache Spark 2014
- 1. Martin Ahchiev Content is available under a Creative Commons 3.0 License unless otherwise noted.
- 2. 2 05.12.2015 Apache Spark • What is Big Data? • Internet of Things • What is Apache Spark? • History of Apache Spark • Why Spark? • Spark Execution Flow • Spark Context • Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) • RDD Examples • MapReduce Algorithm • MapReduce Example: Word Count • Let’s try some examples
- 3. 3 05.12.2015 What is Big Data? Apache Spark • “Big data” is similar to “small data”, but bigger in size – is not incorrect • But having data bigger it requires different approaches • Big Data is a set of technologies and methods for handling large volumes of data at rapid speeds and of various formats.
- 4. 4 05.12.2015 Big Data and the Internet of Things Apache Spark • Connected Intelligence • Every day, we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data — so much that 90% of the data in the world today has been created in the last two years alone. IBM, “Bringing big data to the enterprise”
- 5. 5 05.12.2015 In Next 60 seconds… Apache Spark
- 6. 6 05.12.2015 Big Data – Trends and Opportunities Apache Spark ”Welcome to the Internet of Customers. Behind every app, every device, and every connection, is a customer. Billions of them. And each and every one is speeding toward the future.” Salesforce.com
- 7. 7 05.12.2015 What is Apache Spark? Apache Spark • Emerging big data framework • Open source framework for fast distributed in-memory data processing and data analytics • Extension/alternative to the MapReduce model • Currently an Apache high-priority “top-level” project
- 8. 8 05.12.2015 What is Apache Spark? Apache Spark • Written in Scala Functional programming language that runs in a JVM • Key Concepts Avoid the data bottleneck by distributing data when it is stored Bring the processing to the data Data is stored in memory
- 9. 9 05.12.2015 History of Apache Spark Apache Spark • Started in UC Berkeley AMPLab as a research project by Matei Zaharia, 2009 AMP = Algorithms Machines People AMPLab is integrating Algorithms, Machines, and People to make sense of Big Data • Spark become open source, March 2010 • Spark donated to Apache Software Foundation, June 2013 • Spark becomes a top-level Apache project, February 2014
- 10. 10 05.12.2015 Why Spark? Apache Spark Speed • Run programs up to 100x faster than Hadoop MapReduce in memory, or 10x faster on disk. • Last year, Spark took over Hadoop by completing the 100 TB Daytona GraySort contest 3x faster on one tenth the number of machines and it also became the fastest open source engine for sorting a petabyte.
- 11. 11 05.12.2015 Why Spark? Apache Spark Ease of Use • Write applications quickly in Java, Scala, Python, R. • Spark offers over 80 high-level operators that make it easy to build parallel apps. And you can use it interactively from the Scala, Python and R shells.
- 12. 12 05.12.2015 Why Spark? Apache Spark Generality • Combine SQL, streaming, and complex analytics • Spark powers a stack of libraries including SQL and DataFrames, MLlib for machine learning, GraphX, and Spark Streaming. You can combine these libraries seamlessly in the same application
- 13. 13 05.12.2015 Why Spark? Apache Spark Runs Everywhere • Spark runs on Hadoop, Mesos, standalone, or in the cloud. It can access diverse data sources including HDFS, Cassandra, HBase, and S3. • You can run Spark using its standalone cluster mode, on EC2, on Hadoop YARN, or on Apache Mesos. Access data in HDFS, Cassandra, HBase, Hive, Tachyon, and any Hadoop data source.
- 14. 14 05.12.2015 Execution Flow Apache Spark • Cluster Manager An external service to manage resources on the cluster (standalone manager, YARN, Apache Mesos) • Worker Node : Node that run the application program in cluster • Executor 1. Process launched on a worker node, that runs the Tasks 2. Keep data in memory or disk storage • Task : A unit of work that will be sent to executor • Job 1. Consists multiple tasks 2. Created based on a Action • Stage : Each Job is divided into smaller set of tasks called Stages that is sequential and depend on each other • SparkContext : represents the connection to a Spark cluster, and can be used to create RDDs, accumulators and broadcast variables on that cluster. • Driver Program The process to start the execution (main() function)
- 15. 15 05.12.2015 Spark Context Apache Spark • Every Spark application requires a Spark Context The main entry point to the Spark API • Spark Shell Provides a preconfigured Spark Context call sc
- 16. 16 05.12.2015 Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) Apache Spark • RDD is a basic Abstraction in Spark • Distributed collection of objects • RDD(Resilient Distributed Dataset) 1. Resilient – if data in memory is lost, it can be recreated 2. Distributed – stored in memory across the cluster 3. Dataset – initial data can come from a file or created programmatically
- 17. 17 05.12.2015 Example: A File-base RDD Apache Spark
- 18. 18 05.12.2015 Example: A File-base RDD Apache Spark
- 19. 19 05.12.2015 RDD Operations Apache Spark • Two types of RDD operations Actions – return values count take(n) Transformations – define new RDDs based on the current one filter map reduce
- 20. 20 05.12.2015 Example map and filter Transformations Apache Spark
- 21. 21 05.12.2015 RDDs Apache Spark • RDDs can hold any type of element Primitive types: integers, chars, Boolean, string, etc Sequence type: lists, arrays, tuples, dicts, etc. Scala/Java Object (if serializable) • Some types of RDDs have additional functionality Double RDDs – RDDs consisting of numeric data Pair RDDs – RDDs consisting of Key-Value pairs
- 22. 22 05.12.2015 Pair RDDs Apache Spark • Pair RDDs are a special form of RDD Each element must be a key-value pair Keys and values can be any type • Why? Use with Map-Reduce algorithms Many additional functions are available for common data processing needs – e.g. sorting, joining, grouping, counting, etc
- 23. 23 05.12.2015 MapReduce Apache Spark • MapReduce is a common programming model 1. Two phases Map – process each element in a data set Reduce – aggregate or consolidate the data 2. Easily applicable to distributed processing of large data sets • Hadoop MapReduce is the major implementation 1. Limited Each job has one Map phase, one Reduce phase in each Job output saved to files • Spark implements MapReduce with much greater flexibility 1. Map and Reduce functions can be interspersed 2. Results stored in memory Operations can be chained easily Spark execution flow Hadoop execution flow
- 30. 30 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 31. 31 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 32. 32 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 33. 33 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 34. 34 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 35. 35 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 36. 36 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 37. 37 05.12.2015 ReduceByKey Apache Spark • ReduceByKey functions must be Binary: combines values from two keys Commutative: x+y = y+x Associative: (x+y)+z = x+(y+z)
- 38. 38 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark
- 39. 39 05.12.2015 MapReduce Example: Word Count Apache Spark Let’s try some examples