1. Good Mafternoon!
3/10/14EQ: EQ: How did slavery influence the development of Latin
America?
HW: Finish Thumbprint cartoon
SPONGE
1.Take a handout from the green tray and paste on to page 53
2.Update your TOC
DateDate ## TitleTitle
3-10-14 53 Trade and Slavery
2. Directions
• Fold your cartoon into 6 or 8
scenes-1st
scene must say Columbian
Exchange and have your name on it
• Other scenes must use pictures and
words to convey what the Columbian
Exchange was.
• All pictures must contain thumb-
prints – be creative!
• use a WASHABLE MARKER to color
3.
4. Good Morning! 1/10/12Good Morning! 1/10/12
Looking at these images, what do they have in
common and what do they have to do with
slavery in Latin America?
11. Why Africans?
• Native Americans dying off Some degree
of disease resistance
• No muskets and gunpowder
• Africans participated in trade by
enslaving others, selling debtors and
criminals, and kidnapping
• Skilled workers
– Knew how to extract precious ore
from mines
– Familiar with soils and crops
• Not familiar with the land—making
12. Portuguese Slave Trade
• The Portuguese
population was
too small to
provide a large
number of
colonists.
• The sugar
plantations
required a
large labor
force.
• Slaves filled
this demand.
Europeans and
Africans
Meet to Trade
13.
14. Slave Trade and Sugar
• Portuguese crop
growers
extended the
use of slave
labor to South
America.
• Because of
this, Brazil
would
eventually
become the
wealthiest of
the sugar-
16. Plantations
• The first was established by the
Spanish on Hispaniola in 1516.
• Originally the predominant crop was
sugar. In addition to sugar,
plantations produced crops like
tobacco, indigo, and cotton.
• In the 1530s Portuguese began
organizing plantations in Brazil, and
Brazil became the world’s leading
supplier of sugar.
17. Plantations• Labor
intensive=
HARD WORK
• Relied
almost
exclusively
on large
amounts of
slave labor
supervised
by small
numbers of
European or
Euro-
American
managers.
Brazilian sugar mill in the
1830s
19. Slavery Expands
• In 1518, the first shipment of slaves
went directly from West Africa to the
Caribbean where the slaves worked on
sugar plantations.
• By the 1520s, the Spanish had
introduced slaves to Mexico, Peru, and
Central America where they worked as
farmers and miners.
• By the early 17th
century, the British
had introduced slaves to North
America.
20. Impact of Slave Trade on the Americas
•Diverse Culture- Cultural
Diffusion- Africans brought part of
their culture (like music food,
traditions, Language) to the
Americas.
•Made Latin American colonies
(Brazil) wealthy
33. What role did geography play inWhat role did geography play in
thethe
Triangle of Trade?Triangle of Trade?
34. Europeans began
the Atlantic
slave trade in
the 1500s. Their
colonies in the
Americas needed
labor to work on
large
plantations.
European traders
sold enslaved
Africans to
colonists.
Families were
split up, and
many people
died. By the
time the slave
trade ended in
IMPACT ON WEST AFRICA
Notas del editor
The British colonies in North America received only 4% of the total slaves from Africa. Brazil and the West Indies- received about 80% combined.
Picture: Cape Coast Castle, W. Africa
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade demonstrates how people were reduced to commodities to be sold. Goods such as metal, cloth, beads and guns went from Britain to Africa, enslaved Africans went to America and the Caribbean, and raw products such as sugar, tobacco and cotton came back to Britain.
Show the picture of the sugar nippers.
One of the reasons the trade lasted for so long was because it was incredibly profitable. The British appeared to have an insatiable appetite for luxury goods from the Caribbean, especially sugar and this demand fuelled supply.
Before the twentieth century, sugar came in cones from which chunks would be nipped off and used to sweeten the bitter taste of coffee, chocolate and tea. What people consumed in one part of the world altered forever the lives of those from other parts of the world.
Brazilians still speak Portuguese not Spanish.
With the arrival of the Europeans the demand for slaves in the Americas increased significantly.
As disease reduced the native populations in Spanish conquered territories, the Spanish began relying on imported slaves from Africa.
Why is the population of African Americans higher in the US than it is these other places?
European products (cloth, firearms) were sent to the coast of Africa for slaves
Slaves were carried to the Americas (Middle Passage)
Sugar, Tobacco, and other goods were than carried to Europe
European products (cloth, firearms) were sent to the coast of Africa for slaves to begin the triangle trade again
Slaves were taken from the holding forts, Chained together in pairs with leg-irons and carried to the ships. Once aboard they were branded with a red-hot iron, like cattle, to show who owned them and their clothes removed.
Chained in darkness and filth, seasickness and disease were rife. The heat in the hold could be over 30°c and the slaves would have no access to toilets or washing facilities. So foul was the smell of slave ships that other vessels took care to steer well away from them. In such conditions disease spread, and many slaves died.
Many slave captains were notorious for their cruelty. The actual voyage could take from 6 weeks to three months. It has been estimated that between 9-11 million people were taken from Africa by European traders and landed alive on the other side of the Atlantic. But 1½ million Africans are buried in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. It was reported that schools of sharks would follow the ships waiting for their next meal.
Chained in darkness and filth, seasickness and disease were rife. The heat in the hold could be over 30°c and the slaves would have no access to toilets or washing facilities. So foul was the smell of slave ships that other vessels took care to steer well away from them. In such conditions disease spread, and many slaves died.
The slave owners wanted big men that could work hard. The ship captains kept bringing them what they wanted. What effect did this have on African Society, culture, and economy?
Wall street gets its name from the fact that it was here where slaves were put on the block to be sold. Neighboring businesses did not approve of the slave trade convinced the city to build a wall around the street so passerby's would not have to witness what was happening.
“Africans became enslaved mainly through four ways:
first, criminals sold by the chiefs as punishment;
secondly, free Africans obtained from raids by African and a few European gangs;
thirdly, domestic slaves resold, and
fourthly; prisoners of war."
(Adu Boahen (University of Ghana).
This was a slave holding fort.
Africans on the West Coast because the destination of the slaves was in the West. Had the European powers built colonies in Asia or Australia that needed slave labor, the slaves would have come from the East Coast region.