1. Unit 11: Pollution
APES

7. Primary & Secondary Air Pollutants
MARIBETH
3•O2+hv --> 2•O3

8. Primary and
Secondary Air
Pollutants

9. What is the difference?
Primary air pollutants are emitted directly into
the air from sources.
Secondary air pollutants are not directly emitted
but forms when other pollutants (primary
pollutants) react in the atmosphere.

10. Primary Air Pollutants
★
★
★
★
★
Carbon monoxide (car exhausts)
Sulfur dioxide (combustion of coal)
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
Particulate matter (both solid and liquid)

11. Secondary Air Pollutants
★ Ozone (formed when hydrocarbons (HC)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx) combine in the
presence of sunlight)
★ NO2 (formed as NO combines with oxygen
in the air)
★ Acid rain (formed when sulfur dioxide or
nitrogen oxides react with water)

12. Carbon monoxide (CO) (Primary)
★ Odorless and Colorless
★ Stops with the process of oxygen from being delivered
in blood to the body.
★ It is produced as a result of incomplete burning of
carbon-containing fuels including coal, wood, charcoal,
natural gas, and fuel oil.
★ Signs of too much CO inhaled are fatigue, headache,
weakness, confusion, disorientation, nausea, and
dizziness
★ Too much CO can cause death.

13. Ground level Ozone (O3)
(Secondary)
★ Toxic to both humans and vegetation
★ Triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen
atoms.
★ Hurts the respiratory of animal (humans too?)
★ Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects living
organisms by preventing damaging ultraviolet
light from reaching the Earth's surface.

14. Aerosols & Smog
By: Jenny

27. Controlling Air Pollution &
Stratospheric Ozone
Nicholas Cochrane

40. How to Make Your Keynote the Right Ratio for Doc’s
When Making a new keynote
click “Slide Size”
Select 1920 x 1080
And TADA!
Make sure to click the zoom in the
lower left and “select fit to window”

41. Air Pollution, GHGs, Climate Change
& Major Laws and Treaties
Victoria Owen

46. 5 Steps Pollution
http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/166/cache/articlepollution_16647_600x450.jpg
Michaela

47. Air Pollution: Smog
Formed in the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides and VOCs.
Sources of VOCs:
● Combustion of fossil fuels.
● Solid waste facilities.
● Chemical solvent vapors (dry-cleaning)
Unhealthy air. Effects: watering eyes, burning
sinuses, increases in respiratory issues.
http://cdn.theatlanticcities.com/img/upload/2013/01/14/china%20smog%202013%
20TV%20bldg.JPG

48. Air Pollution: Indoor Air and Acts
Sick Building Syndrome: Occurs in workplaces where bad
air mixes with mold spores.
Clean Air Act: Opened the door for stricter regulation of polluting
industries.
Corporate Average Fuel Economy: reduces fuel consumption and
emissions by setting fuel efficiency standards.
Clean Air Interstate Rule: Set limits on particulate emissions from
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Decrease of 70% by 2018.
http://archive.oaklandlocal.com/sites/default/files/i/008_2.JPG

49. Water
“Pure Water” only exists in laboratories. Natural
water contains dissolved gases and salts.
Water must contain enough dissolved oxygen
for fish to survive.
http://b-i.forbesimg.com/singularity/files/2013/04/water.jpg

50. Dissolved Oxygen
The amount of oxygen measured in a lake or river.
Oxygen enters water by atmospheric absorption or by
aquatic plant and algal photosynthesis. Removed by
respiration and decomposition. Dissolved oxygen levels
depends on:
● Temperature of the water.
● Water flow volume and velocity.
● Number of organisms using oxygen for respiration.
http://icons.wunderground.com/data/wximagenew/k/KSMc/457-800.jpg

51. Water Pollution
Water pollution comes from the
loss of ay real water uses, caused
by a change in the water’s
composition because of human
activity.
● Groundwater contaminated
fertilizers, pesticides, and
underground storage tanks.
● Runoff from contaminated
areas.
● Oil spills.
http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/deforestation-2.jpg

52. Oil Spills
Oil drilling results in many oil spills which
have hazardous impacts on ecosystems.
Spills account for 10% of marine oil
pollution.
Another 50% comes from ongoing sources
like leaks, dumping of offshore drilling mud,
and land runoff.
http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/2011.7.6-%20oil%20spill.jpg

65. Reducing GHGs
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/reducing-emissions.htm
Daniel Monsalve
Reducing Greenhouse
Gas Emissions.
Daniel Monsalve

66. Major GHGs
Carbon Dioxide
●
●
The main
greenhouse gas.
Sources
○ Burning of fossil
fuels to generate
electricity.
○ Transportation.
○ Industry.
Methane (CH4)
●
●
The 2nd most common GHG.
Sources
○ Natural gas and petroleum
manufacturing/mining.
○ Agriculture.
○ Landfills.
○ Wetlands are the largest natural
source of methane.

67. Major GHGs
Nitrous Oxide(N2O)
●
●
5% of US GHG emissions.
Sources
○ Agriculture and soil
management is 69% of
(N2O) emissions.
○ Industry
○ Transportation.
F Gases
●
●
●
Fluorinated gases such as (HFCs),
(PFCs), (CFCs).
Have no natural sources.
Sources
○ 84% of F gases emitted are
used as a substitute for ozone
depleting substances. Used for
refrigeration, aerosols, and AC.

68. Reducing GHGs
●
Levels of GHGs in our atmosphere are increased not only by emissions but by
the modification or destruction of carbon sinks, deforestation for example.
●
Limiting energy use, the burning of
fossil fuels, deforestation, and using
more clean energy can help reduce
GHG emissions.
600 × 431 - hispanicallyspeakingnews.com

69. What Can You Do?
●
Use as little electricity as possible.
●
limit transportation, use public transportation.
●
Ride a bike, use energy efficient cars.
●
Buy local produce, grow your own food.
●
Use eco friendly products.
●
Reduce heating and air conditioning.
●
Spread the word and influence others.

70. Indoor Air
Quality
Karis Heidebrecht

71. Pollution Indoors:
We usually think of air pollution as being
outdoors, but the air inside of buildings is often
times just as bad, if not worse, than the air
quality outdoors.

72. Some Causes of Indoor Air Pollution:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
cleaning supplies
air fresheners and other sprays
wet or damp carpet
central heating and cooling systems
smoking
fireplaces
paint
pesticides

73. Ventilation
● Ventilation is very important for
keeping pollutants out of
buildings.
● If too little outdoor air enters a
building, pollutants can rise to
levels that can pose health and
comfort problems.

74. Immediate and Long-Term
Effects of Indoor Pollution:
Immediate effects:
• short-term and treatable
• irritation of the eyes,
nose, and throat,
headaches, dizziness,
fatigue, etc.
Long-term effects:
• can be severely
debilitating or fatal
• includes some
respiratory diseases,
heart disease, and even
cancer

75. Ozone Layer Protection
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/basicinfo.html
Eve Tovar

77. http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.html