1. Lesson 6 Development of Our
National Government
Bellringer: Who wrote the Federalist essay
No. 10? Provide a brief summary of it.

2. Match the Quote to Its Author
 “No slip will pass  Henry
unnoticed”  Hamilton
 “A Bill of Rights is what  Jefferson
the people are entitled  Madison
to against every
 Washington
government, and what
no just government
should refuse, or rest
on inference.”
 “A national debt, if it is
not excessive, will be to
us a national blessing.”
 “All men having power
ought to be distrusted to
a certain degree.”
 “Give me liberty or give
me death.”

3. Development of the National
Government
 Washington’s Cabinet
 Was originally 3 departments
 State; handle relations with other nations
 Jefferson
 Treasury; deal with financial matters
 Hamilton
 War; provide for the nation’s defense
 Knox

4. The Cabinet
 Changes
 Congress also created the positions of
attorney general, Edumund
Randolph, and postmaster general
 READ:
http://www.boston.com/business/articles/201
2/04/17/postal_staffers_fear_what_future_wil
l_deliver/
 Washington regularly met with his
cabinet for advice
 Part of the executive branch
 Vice President Adams cast the
deciding vote to allow the President
to appoint and dismiss cabinet
members without Senate’s approval
 Increased separation between Executive
and Legislative branches

5. Today’s Cabinet
 Obama’s cabinet today has
15 executive departments
 The Cabinet includes the Vice
President and the heads of 15
executive departments — the
Secretaries of Agriculture,
Commerce, Defense, Education,
Energy, Health and Human
Services, Homeland Security,
Housing and Urban
Development, Interior, Labor,
State, Transportation, Treasury,
and Veterans Affairs, as well as
the Attorney General.
 Presidents after Washington
added and removed different
cabinet positions
 Look at wiki site;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabi
net_of_the_United_States
 http://www.factmonster.com/ipka
/A0775305.html (creation of

6. The Cabinet
 Washington rarely proposed laws, but almost
always approved bills from Congress
 Focused mainly on foreign affairs and military
matters
 Left economic troubles to Alexander
Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury
 Today, the Secretary of the Treasury deals
with financial issues as well as some defense
issues. He is the economic advisor to the
President, signs all legal currency notes, and
is in charge of the Troubled Asset Relief
Program (TARP)

7. Whose in Charge of Money
Today?
 “The Fed”, the Federal
Reserve, is the United
State’s central banking
system today
 12 districts with a bank in
each
 Produces currency
 Deals with interest levels
 Act on their own independent
of the President
 Chairman Ben Bernanke
 Originated from Alexander
Hamilton’s idea

8. Who was in Charge of Money Then?
 National debt was a huge issue plaguing the
country after the American Revolutionary War
 Hamilton proposed the US pay off its foreign debts
as well as debts to citizens
 During the war, the Continental Congress sold
bonds to citizens (like loans) and promised to buy
them back after the war
 Hamilton believed the states should help pay
off the debt; it would help increase their desire
to see the national government succeed
 Faced opposition, particularly from the South
 The South had fewer debts than the North and felt it
was unfair

9. Compromise
 Hamilton compromised and agreed to have the
new capital, Washington D.C., in the South and
the South would help pay off debts
 Hamilton then asked the Congress to create a
national bank
 Both private citizens and national government could own
bank stock
 Madison and Jefferson felt the ban would only benefit
the wealthy
 Others said it was unconstitutional
 The constitution never said the Congress could create a
national bank
 BUT, as Hamilton pointed out, it never said the Congress could
NOT create a national bank

10. More Money Issues
 Hamilton also proposed a
tariff, or tax on foreign
imports
 He hoped to encourage
American manufacturing as a
way to gain wealth
 This protective tariff would
protect American industry
from foreign competition
 The South had little
manufacturing and therefore
opposed tariffs
 In the end, Hamilton got some
low tariffs and by the
1790’s, tariffs accounted for
90% of the national income

11. Hamilton’s Plan
 The final part of Hamilton’s plan
was the creation of national
taxes
 Government needed additional
money to pay off debt interest
 Congress first opposed the majority
of tax proposals, but Hamilton
made concessions
 Hamilton’s plan gave the national
government new financial powers and
helped stabilize the country, but it also
split Congress
 Opponents, led by Jefferson and
Madison, feared the new economic
strength of the national government

12. First Political Parties
 Jefferson’s supporters
tried to tarnish
Washington’s reputation
as his time as President
came to an end
 America was beginning to
divide in political parties
 In the 1700’s most
Americans considered
factions harmful, as did
Washington

13. First Political Parties
 By the mid 1790’s, 2 distinct parties had
emerged
 Federalist; supporters of Hamilton
 Stood for vigorous federal government
 Distrusted French Revolution
 Favored banking and shipping interest
 Support from the Northeast and wealthy South
 Republicans; supporters of Jefferson
 Power to state government; feared strong federal
government
 Supported French revolutionaries
 Small farmers and urban workers

14. More Disputes
 Hamilton felt the federal government had implied
powers, powers not specified in the Constitution
 Justify a national bank
 Regulate trade
 Madison and Jefferson believed in a strict
interpretation of the Constitution
 Federalists believed in representative
government run by officials; little involvement by
the public
 Republicans believed in the participation of
ordinary people in government
 Issue for Washington while he was President, because
Jefferson and Hamilton were in his cabinet

15. Election of 1796
 First time people ran in
parties
 Federalists nominated Adams
for president and Charles
Pickney for VP
 Republicans nominated
Jefferson for President and
Aaron Burr for VP
 Adams and Jefferson started as
friends, but became rivals
 Adams won 71 electoral votes and
Jefferson won 68
 Under the provisions of the
Constitution, the person with the
second highest number of
electoral votes became the VP
 A Federalist President and a

16. Matching: Federalist or
Republican
 Rule by wealthy class  Alexander Hamilton
 Emphasis on  Strong national
manufactured goods government
 British alliance
 Madison
 Strong state
government  State banks
 Emphasis on  Rule by people
agricultural  Protective tariffs
 Strict interpretation of  National bank
Constitution
 Loose interpretation
 French alliance
of Constriction
 Free trade

17. • Different philosophies on
government
• Conflicting interpretation of
Causes Constitution
• Different economic and regional
interests
• Disagreements over foreign
affairs
• Federalists and Republicans
propose different solutions
• 2 parties nominate candidates
Effects • Political parties become way of
life in US

18. EXIT CARD
 Answer in packet
 Describe Hamilton’s economic plan for the US.

19. Your Choice
 Choose a political party (Federalist or
Republican)
 Write a one paragraph reason why you chose that
party
 Create a campaign poster for your party